The purpose of this thesis is to analyze and criticise actual arrangement of Legal Regulation of doping, predict future development and offer diferent possible solution. This thesis is composed of five chapters. Chapter one is an introductory part and briefly describes problem of abusing performance enhancing substances in elite sport. Following part covers main definition of sport as activity and explain relation between sport and law as well as in 'sports rules' imposed by private organisations as World Anti-Doping Agency or Czech Anti-Doping Committee. The third chapter covers the history of doping, briefly explain the physical efects on human organism and define supportive social factors of doping. Part of third chapter is also exposing hidden danger of taking performance enhancing substances in amateur sport. The third part describes main elements of world antidoping regulation and show how world regulation infulences Czech Legal Regulation. I put emphasis on analysing the World Anti-Doping Code and principle of strict liability wich is based on. Fifth Chapter evaluates findings from fourth chapter and tries to find alternative of approach based on zero tolerance for performance enhancing substances, also this chapter identifies and articulates the principal rationales for the regulation of the doping,...

La pratique sportive est aujourd’hui soumise à une grande diversité de règles d'origines différentes qui dessinent des ordres juridiques distincts, privés et publics : des ordres juridiques d'État et des ordres juridiques du sport dont les relations prennent fréquemment les traits d'un « pluralisme juridique positif organisé ». En effet, la lex sportiva ou le droit de sport peut être définie comme étant l'ensemble des règles qui régissent les droits et les obligations des sportifs. Il porte notamment sur les règlements sportifs des différentes fédérations sportives, le dopage, les règles de transfert de joueurs. De même ce droit tend à résoudre les différents litiges qui peuvent en en découler. Le litige peut être définie comme étant un différend ou désaccord entre deux parties, physiques ou morales, dont les unes contestent aux autres d’être « titulaires d’un droit à l’exercice duquel elles prétendent ». Le désaccord entre les parties du litige, peut naitre d’un contrat ou d’une situation de fait. Ces parties vont d’abord essayer de résoudre leur différend à l’amiable, à défaut d’accord, le litige sera soumis à un Tribunal qui va le trancher. On rencontre les litiges dans tous les domaines, civil, commercial, administratif, sportif… Ce dernier secteur, à savoir le secteur du Sport ou plus précisément les conflits en matière de sport, qui sont de diverses natures et dont le règlement exige le recours à des instances spécialisées en la matière et l’application des textes propres à ce type de litiges, constitue le principal objet de recherche de ce travail. Les différends en matière de Sport, peuvent se résoudre devant les tribunaux de droit commun. Mais, l'inadaptation de ces derniers à des litiges nécessitant des compétences « techniques particulières qui doivent compte tenu de la brièveté d'une carrière, être réglés rapidement, a entraîné le recours – de plus en plus fréquent – aux modes alternatifs de règlement des conflits ». Contrairement aux autres litiges, qui ont une situation contrastée, la situation des litiges sportifs est claire, transparente, et originale. Pour cela, et pour répondre à leurs besoins spécifiques, les organismes sportifs, ont créé et développé des règles législatives propres qui assurent leur fonctionnement, et ont constitué des instances qui assurent la bonne application des règles qu’elles ont édictées. Les conflits Sportifs sont donc réglés par des règlements et des statuts particuliers et spécialisés en matière du sport, qui permettent aux parties à un litige d’aboutir à des solutions pratiques et satisfaisantes. On peut dire que la régularisation de l’activité sportive peut se faire de manière autonome et échapper aux pouvoirs publics, à l’ordre étatique. Les Règlements Sportifs sont donc, des Règlements autonomes et suprêmes vis-à-vis des législations de l’Etat. En effet, la création de ces règlements spécifiques, a entrainé la création des instances juridictionnelles spécialisées compétentes à régler les conflits des organismes sportifs, et qui fonctionnent conformément à leur pouvoir réglementaire. En examinant les règlements d’Arbitrage qui gouvernent les organismes sportifs, on peut se rendre compte qu’ils comprennent des dispositions spécifiques déterminant la compétence des Instances Arbitrales par rapport à la notion de Sport. Avec la croissance et la prospérité des échanges commerciaux à l’échelle internationale, l’Arbitrage s’est révélé être le recours préféré en matière de transaction internationale. De là, et devant l’internationalisation et la complexité des litiges, les législations et les jurisprudences internes des Etats, ont reconnu et consacré la pratique de l’Arbitrage. / Sports practice today is subject to a wide variety of rules of different origins that draw separate legal orders, private and public: state legal orders and sports legal orders whose relations often take the form of a "positive organized legal pluralism. Lex sportiva or the right to sport can be defined as the set of rules that govern the rights and obligations of athletes. It deals in particular with the sports regulations of the various sports federations, the doping, the rules of transfer of players. Litigation can be defined as a dispute or disagreement between two parties, physical or moral, some of which dispute the others to be "holders of a right to the exercise of which they claim". Disagreement between the parties to the dispute may arise from a contract or a factual situation. These parties will first try to resolve their dispute amicably, if they can’t achieve an agreement, the dispute will be submitted to a court that will decide. We find litigation in all areas, civil, commercial, administrative, sports. The sport sector, or more specifically the sports conflicts, which are of various kinds and whose regulation requires the use of specialized bodies in the field and the application of texts specific to this type of sport. Disputes and conflicts constitute the main object of research of this work. Sports disputes can be resolved in ordinary courts. However, the inadequacy of the latter in disputes requiring specific technical skills which must be taken into account in the shortness of a career, to be settled rapidly, has led to the recourse - more and more frequently - to alternative methods of settlement of disputes conflicts. Unlike other disputes, which have a contrasting situation, the situation of sports disputes is clear, transparent, and original. To do this, and to meet their specific needs, sports organizations have created and developed specific legislative rules that ensure their functioning, and have constituted bodies that ensure the proper application of the rules they have enacted. Sporting conflicts are therefore regulated by special rules and statutes and specialized sports, which allow the parties to a dispute to lead to practical and satisfactory solutions. It can be said that the regularization of sports activity can be done autonomously and escape the public authorities, the state order. The Sports Regulations are therefore autonomous and supreme regulations with regard to the state legislations. The creation of these specific regulations, has led to the creation of specialized jurisdictional bodies competent to settle conflicts of sports organizations, and which operate in accordance with their regulatory power. In reviewing the Arbitration Rules governing sports organizations, it can be seen that they include specific provisions determining the jurisdiction of the Arbitral Instances in relation to the concept of Sport. With the growth and prosperity of international trade, arbitration has proven to be the preferred international transaction. Hence, and in the face of internationalization and the complexity of litigation, the domestic laws and jurisprudences of States have recognized and sanctioned the practice of arbitration.

Manipulation with the course or with the result of sports competitions and its criminal law assessment Presented thesis is concerned with the issue of manipulation of sports competitions. It's pivotal task is to evaluate whether current criminal law legislation provides effective provisions for the prosecution of those who manipulate with the course or with the final outcome of sports events. Although this negative phenomenon is not utterly new, in fact some of its forms are almost as old as the sport itself, in recent years the severity of this threat has grown rapidly. Modern era has opened up a wide range of brand new possibilities for fixers while sports associations and states were simply unprepared for such peril. Especially betting-motivated manipulation of sports competitions, thanks to its global nature and involvement of betting criminal organizations poses a serious challenge for law enforcement agencies. Furthermore, throughout the thesis the author puts forward an examples demonstrating the permanent presence of another elemental form of manipulation in sports environment - the one which is motivated by achieving of sports results. Although forms of manipulation in sport may differ, what they have in common is that usually all of them represents the threat not only to the integrity of...