Origins and development of the Parliament of England up to the end of 15th century Abstract This thesis is dedicated to the formation of the English parliament from the enactment of the Magna Carta to the onset of Tudor dynasty reign. It consists of an introduction, conclusion and 13 chapters; chapter 5 has also subchapters. The first chapter describes the origins of parliament's formation and its connection to the Witan and Great Council. The second chapter is dedicated to the period of John's reign, which lead to the rebellion of barons and following that, the enactment of the Magna Carta. Afterwards, it examines provisions of the Magna Carta and its significance for English society and the development of parliament at the time. It also refers to the growing importance of the Magna Carta over the course of following centuries. The third chapter is concerned with the period of Henry's reign when the key importance was the revolt of barons under the leadership of Simon de Montfort. Simon de Montfort in order to secure his position of power summoned a parliament which consisted of, among others, representatives of towns and boroughs as well as knights of shires. Fourth chapter addresses development of parliament during the rule of Edward I which in this regard followed footsteps of Simon de Monfort and...

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Estudia la historia del Derecho internacional, partiendo de dos acontecimientos históricos: La paz de Augsburgo y La paz de Westfalia de donde surgieron principios que se internacionalizaron configurando un nuevo sistema de relaciones internacionales, quedando establecido un nuevo sistema de Estados. / Tesis

Previous research of the Court of Appeals made in the past focused primarily on personnel matters. The authors focused on the appeals judgements occasionally. This is the reason why any significant progress in historical research in areas such as procedural matters, the definition and enforcement powers or the application of law didn't result. This thesis has the ambition to fill this empty space, at least partially. The aim of the dissertation is to provide a comprehensive picture of the Court of Appeals in the Czech lands from its foundation in 1548 to the early 17th century. This period represents a compact stage of development, when the status, authority and personnel structure are formatted and above all the shaping of decision-making and procedural practice occurs. Dissertation devotes most attention to appellate procedures. It shows what the role of Court of Appeals itself, of the lower courts and of litigant was. It examines in detail the various procedural aspects. It pays attention on how the jurisdiction of the Court of Appeals was accepted by royal and other towns in Bohemia and how the Court asserted towards other courts. It also mentions developments in other lands of the Czech Crown. The main subject of the research are the judgements of the Court of Appeals and normative sources...

No description available.

A history of the University of Arizona College of Law.

The present study consists of a full translation and analysis of the three main versions of the Section on Law and State, a chapter on Tibetan imperial law and administration found in the mid-16th century Mkhas pa'i dga' ston by Dpa'-bo Gtsuglag Phreng-ba, and in the Rgya bod kyi chos 'byung rgyas pa of Mkhas-pa Lde'u and the Chos 'byung chen po bstan pa'i rgyal mtshan of Lde'u Jo-sras, which both date to the mid to late-13th century. While the post-dynastic Tibetan historical tradition attributes this entire body of legal and administrative reforms to Emperor Srong-btsan Sgam-po (c.605-649), the individual legal and administrative catalogues contained in the Section on Law and State, when subjected to close analysis, can be dated to several different periods. The principal aim of this analysis is to underline the early Tibetan antecedents for the catalogues contained in the Section on Law and State. By relating the catalogues of the Section on Law and State to Old Tibetan sources, this analysis describes in detail the legal and administrative practices of the Tibetan Empire (c.600-c.850). Among the topics covered by this analysis are historical geography and the 'nationalisation' of clan territory, social stratification, technological innovation and legal culture. The Section on Law and State is not limited solely to law and administration, however, and also offers insights regarding cultural institutions such as religious practices and Tibetan funerary culture. Taken together, the scattered and fragmentary catalogues that make up the Section on Law and State, many of which ultimately derive from manuals and official records from the imperial period, constitute a rare juridical corpus of the Tibetan Empire. As such, it furnishes important and detailed information about the legal and administrative culture of the Tibetan Empire, and constitutes a fundamental source for Tibetan social history. The preservation of such documents within Tibet's postdynastic religious histories underlines the persistence of Tibetan political theory, according to which divine rulers, Buddhist or otherwise, must govern according to the just traditions of their forebears.

Notre recherche a pour objectif d'expliquer pourquoi la France, qui pourtant est un des pays à l'origine de la Convention européenne des droits de l'Homme, met vingt-cinq ans à ratifier cette Convention, et même trente ans avant d'autoriser le droit de recours individuel. Pour ce faire, nous avons dû prendre en compte de nombreux facteurs.Tout d'abord, l'évolution politique interne à la France. En effet, sous la Quatrième République, la question des colonies puis la question de la liberté de l'enseignement vont bloquer le processus de ratification. Puis, à partir de 1956 et du début de la guerre d'Algérie, la question de la ratification est bloquée. Aux débuts de la Cinquième République, la vision gaulliste de la justice et de l'Europe retardent de nouveau la ratification, malgré des mobilisations de parlementaires et de certains juristes. Finalement, au début des années 1970, la situation se débloque, Pompidou se montre plus européen et s'allie avec les centristes, c'est à la faveur d'un accord politique et après une mobilisation de nombreux acteurs menée par René Cassin, la Convention est ratifiée en 1974, mais avec des réserves et sans le droit de recours individuel. Il faudra attendre l'arrivée de Mitterrand au pouvoir pour que soit autorisé ce droit de recours. Tout au long de cette période, différents acteurs se sont mobilisés en faveur de la ratification de la CEDH.Au-delà des accords politiques, la ratification peut s'expliquer par tout une série de facteurs contextuels qui vont dans son sens et qui sont dans la continuité de l'avant Seconde Guerre mondiale. Tout d'abord, sur le plan interne, le contrôle de constitutionnalité est progressivement accepté par les juristes et les responsables politiques, ce contrôle marque la remise en cause du légicentrisme français, remise en cause nécessaire pour accepter la CEDH. Parallèlement, s'installe progressivement un droit européen, mis en place par la CJCE, l'acceptation de ce droit par les institutions politiques et judiciaires françaises et l'intérêt porté par la CJCE aux droits de l'Homme dans les années 1970, leur permettent de se familiariser avec l'idée qu'un droit externe, protecteur des libertés publiques, peut avoir une influence sur le droit français. La mise en place de la Commission puis de la Cour EDH et le développement de leur jurisprudence, qui est respectueuse des intérêts des Etats, va permettre de faciliter l'acceptation de ces institution. Enfin, la question droits de l'Homme, qui a été quelque peu mise de côté après 1950, revient en force à partir de la fin des années 1960 et devient à cette époque un concept, une idée omniprésente dans les médias et les discours politiques. Tous ces facteurs montrent une évolution de l'air du temps et des idées dominantes. Leur évolution est parallèle à l'acceptation de la CEDH, certes, ce ne sont pas des facteurs directs, mais ils marquent l'implantation dans la société des idées sous-jacentes dans la Convention EDH. / Our research aim to explain why it took twenty-five years to France to ratify the ECHR, even though France was one of the ECHR founding countries. We even had to wait until 1981, to see the individual petitions authorized in France. There are several factors to take into account.First, domestic politics are important. Under the Fourth Republic, colonial issues and then freedom of education are preventing France to ratify the Convention. Then, there are the Algerian war which completely block any possibility of ratification. After 1958, de Gaulle is the Président and his vision of justice and Europe are not compatible with the ECHR, therefore, the ratification is once more postpone, even though jurists and politicians are mobilized. Finally, at the beginning of the 1970s, Pompidou is more open to European ideas and he needs to make an alliance with the centrists. After a long mobilisation, led by René Cassin, the ECHR is ratify in 1974, with reserves and without individual right to petition. We have to wait until 1981, and François Mitterrand to see this right recognized. During this period, we have to emphasize the role of various actors who mobilized in favor of the ratification.In parallel to these political evolutions, the background changed between 1950 and 1970, and led to an easier acceptance of the ideas at the heart of the ECHR. First of all, judicial review is more and more accepted in France by both jurists and politicians. This review questioned the french legicentrism and make the acceptance of a conventional control easier. During the same period, a European Law is created by the European court of justice, which led to a better familiarity (not yet acceptance) with the possibility of having internal law influenced by an external one.The work of the European Commission of Human Rights and the European Court, is also instrumental into the acceptation of the ECHR. Their jurisprudence, in this period, takes into account the reluctance of the Member-States to see an external body judge their law, therefore, the ECHR doesn't seem to be menacing. Finally, we see the rise of Human Rights during this period, starting in the 1960s. Human Rights became in the 1970s a central issue in domestic and foreign affairs, medias and public society took an interest in their defense. It became central in politics. All these factors show an evolution of the mainstream ideas which led to an easier acceptation of the ECHR, even though there are not directly linked.

Carlos Wing-hung Lo. / Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1984 / Bibliography: leaves 218-233

白智剛. / 手稿本, 複本據手稿本複印 / 論文(歷史學部哲學頭士)--香港中文大學,1988. / 參考文獻:leaves 1-10 (3rd group) / Bai Zhigang. / 〈前言〉 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一章 --- 刑獄制度的建立 --- p.3 / Chapter 一 --- 刑獄制度的轉變 --- p.3 / Chapter 〈一〉 --- 立法概況 --- p.3 / Chapter 〈二〉 --- 司法機構 --- p.8 / Chapter 〈三〉 --- 對司法官員的限制 --- p.16 / Chapter 二 --- 立法精神 --- p.25 / Chapter 〈一〉 --- 體恤人民 --- p.25 / Chapter 〈二〉 --- 留心吏治 --- p.29 / Chapter 〈三〉 --- 因應需要 --- p.32 / 〈注釋〉 --- p.36 / Chapter 第二章 --- 州縣司法的實際情況 --- p.64 / Chapter 一 --- 治獄的程序 --- p.64 / Chapter 〈一〉 --- 投案 --- p.64 / Chapter 〈二〉 --- 驗獄 --- p.73 / Chapter 〈三〉 --- 審問 --- p.81 / Chapter 〈四〉 --- 囚禁 --- p.85 / Chapter 二 --- 冤獄的形成 --- p.91 / Chapter 〈一〉 --- 交差塞責 --- p.91 / Chapter 〈二〉 --- 貪汙舞弊 --- p.94 / Chapter 〈三〉 --- 私仇興訟 --- p.96 / 〈注釋〉 --- p.103 / Chapter 第三章 --- 中央與地方刑獄的關係 --- p.127 / Chapter 一 --- 中央與地方的連繫 --- p.128 / Chapter 〈一〉 --- 宋初政局與強幹弱枝政策 --- p.128 / Chapter 〈二〉 --- 刑法權收歸中央 --- p.133 / Chapter 二 --- 州縣司法的特質 --- p.136 / Chapter 〈一〉 --- 地域上的分別 --- p.136 / Chapter 〈二〉 --- 人事上的差異 --- p.143 / 〈注釋〉 --- p.160 / 〈結語〉 --- p.188 / 〈附錄〉一 --- p.192 / 〈附錄〉二　 --- p.219 / 〈附錄〉三 --- p.224 / 〈徵引書目〉 / 〈撮要〉