Sammanfattning   Titel: Relationen mellan ledarskap och hållbarhet i svenska kommuner. Nivå: Examensarbete på Grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi  Författare: Latifa Aitattaleb & Karin Östling Handledare: Daniella Fjellström Datum: 2022 - juni   Syfte: Syftet med undersökningen är att skapa förståelse för hur Sveriges kommunala organisationer arbetar med hållbarhet och relevansen av CSR, samt att bidra till ökad kunskap inom den offentliga sektorn om hållbarhet och Agenda 2030. Detta syfte besvaras med hjälp av följande forskningsfrågor; Hur påverkar ledarskapet hållbarhetsarbetet i svenska kommuner? På vilket sätt är CSR relevant inom kommunal verksamhet? samt Hur arbetar svenska kommuner med Agenda 2030 i sitt hållbarhetsarbete?   Metod: Forskningen består av en kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförda på nio respondenter från åtta olika kommuner med befattningar med ledarroll. De semistrukturerade intervjuerna innehöll frågor som berörde ledarskap, hållbarhet samt Agenda 2030.   Resultat och slutsats: Resultatet visar att ledare inom offentlig organisation har en påverkan i engagemang och medvetenhet inom hållbarhetsfrågor genom sitt ledarskap, vilket kan stärkas genom att praktisera en etisk ledarstil. Termen CSR förekommer inte i den offentliga sektorn eftersom dess kärnverksamhet redan syftar på att öka samhällsnyttan lokalt. Resultaten visade även att kommuner aktivt arbetar med att integrera Agenda 2030 genom olika styrdokument och strategier samt deltagande i Glokala Sverige.    Examensarbetets bidrag: Denna studie har bidragit till fördjupad kunskap om hur landets kommuner arbetar med hållbarhet i allmänhet och Agenda 2030 i synnerlighet. Den stärker tidigare studier och bidrar dessutom med att ge en bredare, aktuell insikt hur det aktiva arbetet med hållbarhet genom ledarskap praktiseras i den offentliga sektorn.    Förslag till fortsatt forskning: För att kunna få ytterligare infallsvinklar så föreslår vi att gruppintervjuer genomförs under samma tema inom offentlig sektor, där en grupp representerar ledning och en styrelse, för att utmynna än mer förståelse och kunskap i ämnet. / Abstract   Title: The relationship between leadership and sustainability in Swedish municipalities. Level: Bachelor's degree in the subject Business Administration Authors: Latifa Aitattaleb & Karin Östling Supervisor: Daniella Fjellström Date: 2022 - June   Aim: The purpose of the survey is to create an understanding of how Sweden's municipal organizations work with sustainability and the relevance of CSR, and to contribute to increased knowledge in the public sector about sustainability and Agenda 2030. This purpose is answered with the help of the following research questions; How does leadership affect the sustainability work in Swedish municipalities? In what way is CSR relevant in municipal activities? and How do Swedish municipalities work with Agenda 2030 in their sustainability work?   Method: The research consists of a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews conducted on nine respondents from eight different municipalities with positions that have leadership roles in different areas. The semi-structured interviews included questions related to leadership, sustainability and Agenda 2030 through various governing documents and strategies as well as participation in Glokala Sverige.   Result and conclusions: The result of this study shows that leaders in public organizations have an influence in commitment and awareness in sustainability issues through their leadership, which can be strengthened by an ethical leadership style. The term CSR does not occur in the public sector because its core business already aims to increase the benefit to society locally. The results also showed that municipalities are actively working to integrate Agenda 2030 through various governing documents and strategies as well as participation in Glokala Sverige.   Contribution of the thesis: This study has contributed to in-depth knowledge of how the country's municipalities work with sustainability in general and Agenda 2030 in particular. It strengthens previous studies and helps to provide a broader, relevant insight into how active work with sustainability through leadership is practiced in the public sector.   Suggestions for future research: In order to get further perspectives, we propose that group interviews would be conducted under the same theme in the public sector, where a group represents management and a group represents the bord, in order to result in even more understanding and knowledge in the subject.

This investigative study focused on challenges experienced by novice principals in executing their mandated leadership and management duties. A case study was conducted on four novice principals in the Pinetown District. Two headed a rural primary and high school respectively and the other two, an urban primary and high school respectively. The study investigated challenges experienced by novice principals, how they coped with these challenges and how they enacted themselves as assets to their schools. This qualitative study was located in the interpretive paradigm. Documents review, observations and semi-structured interviews constitute the research instruments for date generation. The study was framed by the distributive theory and the asset-based approach. Local and international scholastic works, on the research topic, were interrogated to seek insights into the progress so far made and determine the agenda to the explored. The analysis and discussion of the generated and presented data led to findings that demystified the world of novice principals. Clearly, they require pre-service induction or orientation, mentoring and coaching should accompany the in-service workshops for contextualisation of the theory learnt and informal networking to glean from the experience of peers. Higher stakeholder involvement and learning should be enhanced through the adoption of distributive leadership and the asset-based approach. The findings were utilised as the basis of making conclusions. It was concluded that capacity building initiatives are key to development even if novice principals are appropriately qualified, possessed accumulated experiences in leadership position as the Head of Department or Deputy principal and prior knowledge. It was also concluded that for the effective and efficient entrenchment of thee DoE’s legislated vision and direction of the democratic system of education, leadership should be shared or distributed. Individual capabilities should be determined and employed in the asset-based approach. Recommendations, informed by the conclusions were presented to facilitate how each theoretical conclusion can be translated into a workable practice in running schools effectively and efficiently. / Thesis (M.Ed.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2013.

La presente tesi, attraverso l’utilizzo di diverse fonti di dati, sia longitudinali che trasversali, contribuisce alla letteratura esistente in materia di lavoro precario, invecchiamento e discriminazione di genere, fornendo evidenza empirica riguardo le conseguenze in termini di salute e benessere della precarietà, del pensionamento e della leadership femminile nel mercato del lavoro. Il primo capitolo esamina la relazione esistente fra insicurezza sul lavoro, prospettive di reimpiego e disagio psicologico, utilizzando dati cross-country provenienti dalle European Working Conditions Surveys del 2010. Il secondo capitolo è dedicato alla stima dell’effetto causale del pensionamento sull’utilizzo dei servizi sanitari in 10 paesi Europei nel periodo 2004-2013. In particolare, il capitolo approfondisce il tema della riduzione del costo opportunità del tempo libero dopo il pensionamento, che può dare luogo ad aumenti improvvisi nell’utilizzo dei servizi sanitari. Il terzo capitolo, infine, studia la relazione esistente tra leadership femminile, pratiche organizzative a livello aziendale e discriminazione di genere per 30 paesi Europei, considerati nel periodo 1995-2010. / The present dissertation, using both longitudinal and cross-sectional data from different sources, contributes to existing literature on precarious employment, aging and gender discrimination providing empirical evidence on the health and wellbeing outcomes of work-related insecurity, retirement and female leadership across European countries. Chapter 1 examines the relationship among perceived job insecurity, employability and psychological distress in Europe, using cross-country data from the 2010 European Working Conditions Surveys. Chapter 2, using SHARE data (from 2004 to 2013) for 10 European countries, is devoted to the analysis of the (causal) effect of retirement on health care utilization. In particular, it explores the existence of a discontinuous change in health investment at the time of retirement, as suggested by the theory, asking whether this ``puzzling'' jump is associated with the drop in the opportunity cost of time induced by retirement. Chapter 3 investigates the association between female leadership, work organization practices and perceived gender discrimination within firms, using EWCS data for 30 European countries for the period 1995-2010.