Submitted by Leticia Schettini (leticia@ufrrj.br) on 2016-08-29T16:13:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Paula Sant?ana Alves.pdf: 1049254 bytes, checksum: 295fd608eecdae86916f71cbebfc389e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T16:13:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Paula Sant?ana Alves.pdf: 1049254 bytes, checksum: 295fd608eecdae86916f71cbebfc389e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPQ / Stomoxys calcitrans is a hematophagous fly of which parasitism causes economic losses related to the reduction of milk production and weight gain. Due to the high level of resistance of the stable fly to most of chemical insecticides, it is necessary to search for new alternatives for their control, and one of them would be the use of entomopathogenic fungi. However, few researches related to microbial control of this fly were carried out. The objective of this study was to assess the ability of the Lecanicillium lecanii fungus in to make unfeasible eggs, larvae and pupae of the stable fly under laboratory conditions and verify the formation of inhibition zone in agar solid due to the presence of substances in the mucus and total homogenized larvae not previously exposed and sensitized to the fungus. The S. calcitrans colony was maintained in the Laborat?rio de D?pteros Hemat?fagos, UFRRJ. The tests were performed in the Laborat?rio de Controle Microbiano de Artr?podes, UFRRJ, where the strain CG 420 of L. lecanii was used to prepare the water suspensions. In assays with eggs, larvae and pupae of S. calcitrans, fungal suspensions were used at 2x108, 2x107, 2x106, 2x105 con.mL-1 concentrations, besides the positive control. In assays with eggs, they were immersed in different fungal suspension and transferred to Petri dishes with paper filter, which were added larval rearding medium and its respective suspension. Mortality was assessed five days after exposure, where it was observed whether stage change occurred. There was no significant difference in the hatching of eggs exposed to different fungal concentrations against the control. Larvae were subjected to the same treatment of eggs, and mortality was assessed ten to fifteen days after exposure. There was no significant difference in mortality of larvae exposed to the fungus when compared with the control group, however, the fungus L. lecanii was significantly able to reduce adult emergence from larvae exposed to the highest tested concentration and there was a percentage of emergence of 25,45% and 43,64% compared to 63,64% and 90,91% of the control group. The pupae were also immersed in different fungal suspensions, and transferred to Petri dishes with paper filter, added to its respective suspension. Mortality was assessed ten days after exposure. There was no significant difference in mortality of pupae exposed to different fungi concentrations. Filter paper discs were soaked in mucus samples and total homogenized from larvae of S. calcitrans not exposed and previously sensitized to the fungus L. lecanii and placed in petri dishes sown with the same fungus. It was not observed the formation of inhibition zone around the discs. The L. lecanii fungus was unable to make unfeasible eggs, larvae or pupae of S. calcitrans in tested fungal concentrations, however, was significantly able to reduce the emergence of adults when their third larvae stage were exposed to 2x108 con.mL-1 concentration. / Stomoxys calcitrans ? um d?ptero hemat?fago cujo parasitismo ocasiona perdas econ?micas relacionadas ? redu??o da produ??o leiteira e ganho de peso, al?m de estar associado ? dissemina??o e transmiss?o de agentes patog?nicos. Devido ao elevado grau de resist?ncia da mosca dos est?bulos a uma diversidade de inseticidas qu?micos, torna-se necess?rio a busca por alternativas para o seu controle, e uma delas seria a utiliza??o de fungos entomopatog?nicos. Todavia, poucas pesquisas relacionadas ao controle microbiano desta mosca foram realizadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a capacidade do fungo Lecanicillium lecanii em inviabilizar ovos, larvas e pupas de S. calcitrans em condi??es laboratoriais e verificar a forma??o de halo de inibi??o em meio de cultivo s?lido, em decorr?ncia de subst?ncias presentes no muco e no macerado total de larvas n?o expostas e previamente sensibilizadas ao fungo. A col?nia de S. calcitrans foi mantida no Laborat?rio de D?pteros Hemat?fagos, UFRRJ. Os ensaios foram realizados no Laborat?rio de Controle Microbiano de Artr?podes, UFRRJ. Nos ensaios foram utilizadas suspens?es aquosas do isolado CG 420 de L. lecanii nas concentra??es de 2x108, 2x107, 2x106, 2x105 con.mL-1, al?m do controle positivo. Nos ensaios com ovos, estes foram imersos nas suspens?es f?ngicas, e transferidos para placas de Petri com papel filtro, meio de desenvolvimento larval e 3 mL de sua respectiva suspens?o. A mortalidade foi avaliada cinco dias ap?s a exposi??o. N?o foi observada diferen?a significativa na eclos?o dos ovos tratados frente ao controle. As larvas foram submetidas ao mesmo tratamento dos ovos, e a mortalidade foi avaliada dez e quinze dias ap?s a exposi??o. N?o foi observada diferen?a significativa na mortalidade de larvas expostas ao fungo quando comparados com o grupo controle, entretanto, o fungo L. lecanii reduziu significativamente a emerg?ncia de adultos provenientes das larvas expostas ? concentra??o m?xima testada (2x108 con.mL-1) sendo observado um percentual de emerg?ncia de 25,45% e 41,82 %, em compara??o com 63,64% e 90,91% do grupo controle. As pupas tamb?m foram imersas nas suspens?es f?ngicas, e transferidas para placas de Petri com papel filtro e sua respectiva suspens?o. A mortalidade foi avaliada dez dias ap?s a exposi??o. N?o foi observada diferen?a significativa na mortalidade das pupas expostas ?s diferentes concentra??es f?ngicas. Discos de papel filtro foram embebidos em amostras de muco e macerado total proveniente de larvas de S. calcitrans n?o expostas e previamente sensibilizadas ao fungo L. lecanii e colocados em placas de Petri semeadas com o mesmo fungo (1x108 con.mL-1). N?o foi verificada a forma??o de halo de inibi??o ao redor dos discos. O fungo L. lecanii foi incapaz de inviabilizar ovos, larvas ou pupas de S. calcitrans nas concentra??es f?ngicas testadas, no entanto, reduziu significativamente a emerg?ncia de adultos quando suas larvas de terceiro est?dio foram expostas a concentra??o 2x108 con.mL-1.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:37:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_Ana_Raquel_Rheinheimer.pdf: 1213170 bytes, checksum: 2c8ffff0e9ba711e13537d3c2ff93282 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aimed to evaluate the action of entomopathogenic fungi and plant protection products used in alternative agroecological on nymphs of P. manihoti in cassava. The four upper leaves of cassava plants infested with nymphs of the mealybug P. manihoti application of treatments received in the lower surface of leaves on the nymphs, using a spray nozzle attached to an air compressor. After application, the plants were kept in semi-conditioned room (temperature 25 ± 5 º C and a photoperiod of 12h) and other insects on the leaves with the aid of prepared leaf cages per screen anti-aphids. The pesticides were evaluated by the insect mortality at 3, 5, 7 and 9 days after application. The mortality caused by strains of entomopathogenic fungi and commercial insecticides on nymphs was assessed daily for 10 days. For confirmation of death by the pathogen, the bodies were immersed in 70% alcohol and then in distilled water, transferred to Petri dishes and maintained at temperature (26 ± 1 ° C and a photoperiod of 14 hours). It was observed that all pesticides tested on nymphs proved efficient when the final assessment, however, differ in the mortality rate, and the products Pironim®, Lime sulfur®, Compostonat® and Plant Clean® presented the efficiency causing at least 50% mortality of nymphs of P. manihoti. Among isolates tested, only three were pathogenic to P. manihoti causing the corrected mortality varied from 15,2 to 28.5%, following 10 days of application. The other isolates tested showed low activity or were not pathogenic to Scale. The commercial biopesticides based on fungi were pathogenic to the nymphs of P. manihoti, causing mortality of 10 to 45.8%, and the best result was obtained with the product based on B. bassiana (Bovenat®) which provided 45.8% mortality confirmed / Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ação de fungos entomopatogênicos e de produtos fitossanitários alternativos utilizados no sistema agroecológico de produção sobre ninfas de P. manihoti na cultura da mandioca. As quatro folhas apicais de plantas de mandioca infestadas com ninfas da cochonilha P. manihoti receberam aplicação dos tratamentos na face abaxial, sobre as ninfas, utilizando-se um micro pulverizador acoplado a um compressor de ar. Após a aplicação, as plantas foram mantidas em sala semi-climatizada (temperatura de 25 ± 5ºC e fotoperíodo de 12h) e os insetos mantidos nas folhas com auxílio de gaiolas. Os produtos fitossanitários foram avaliados através da mortalidade dos insetos aos 3, 5, 7 e 9 dias após a aplicação. A mortalidade causada pelos isolados de fungos entomopatogênicos e bioinseticidas comerciais sobre ninfas foi avaliada diariamente pelo período de 10 dias. Para confirmação da mortalidade pelo patógeno, os cadáveres foram imersos em solução de álcool 70% e posteriormente em água destilada, transferidos para placas de Petri e mantidas em câmara climatizada (26±1°C e fotoperíodo de 14 horas). Verificou-se que todos os produtos fitossanitários testados sobre as ninfas mostraram efeito ao final da última avaliação, no entanto, diferiram quanto a porcentagem de mortalidade, sendo que os produtos Pironim®, Calda fertilizante foliar®, Compostonat® e Planta Clean® apresentaram a maior mortalidade de ninfas de P. manihoti causando no mínimo 50%. Dentre os isolados testados, apenas três foram patogênicos à P. manihoti causando mortalidade corrigida que variou de 15,2 a 28,5%. Os demais isolados testados apresentaram baixa atividade ou não foram patogênicos à cochonilha. Os bioinseticidas comerciais à base de fungos foram patogênicos às ninfas de P. manihoti, causando mortalidade de 10 a 45,8%, sendo que o melhor resultado foi obtido com o produto à base de B. bassiana (Bovenat®) que proporcionou 45,8% de mortalidade confirmada

The potential synergism between chosen species of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema arenarium, Steinernema feltiae) and entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea, Lecanicillium lecanii) is investigated in this study. It is theoretically possible to expect increasing of their efficiency at the collective introduction into environment. Creating of uniform laboratory method which will be possible to use at the research of this interaction system is a part of this study.

This graduation theses was intent on study influence conditions submerged cultivation select types enthomopatogenic fungi in liquid nutritive medium with emphasis on optimalization key elements of the process that manner performance uniform biomass mythosporotic fungi {--} blastospores. Experimental part of work was conceived with regard on next sphere problems: 1.Nutritive soil compositionon effect on production blastospores 2.Comparing possibility different kinds and strains enthomopathogenic fungi produce blastospores in submerged cultivation. 3.Conditions submerged cultivation effect on production and yield blastospores 4.Verify possibility production of uniform biomass blastospores in range usable for large-screen application