The major focus of the author in this thesis is on the adoption of cross-straits notarized documents and possible problems thereon. During this research, the development of modern international notarial system and its practice on cross-border notarized documents will be surveyed for comparative analysis. As known by all legal professional, the core functions of modern notarial system are quite sophisticated, which include protection of evidence, prevention of disputation, and reduction of litigation, etc. A notary public has to certify documents under his duty, as called ¡§notarized documents¡¨, according to certain legal conditions. Such as hearing the opinion of statement, and seeing of condition. Things will get more complicated if the application of such documents is outside the domestic jurisdiction. Since the cross-straits civil affairs has dramatic increased by Taiwan-China prosper economy and active social activities, it is unavoidable that a lot of disputations of law should be made. Particularly, such as the validity of marriage, inheritance of estate, adoptability, donation, and purchase of real estate are the current major issues for notary public. Five major topics are discussed as following: - The theory and practice of the adoption of international notarial documents - International notary and the adoption of electronic documents on commercial matters - The law and practices of cross-straits notarized document adoption - The possible legal solutions and cooperation for the cross-straits notarial affairs - The increasing volume and varieties of cross-straits notarized documents after the joining of WTO membership

Americans have long held a variety of opinions when it comes to the legalization of marijuana. While previous research has mostly focused on use rates and behavior, the purpose of this examination is to specifically analyze people's attitudes towards marijuana legalization. Of particular importance was (1) the extent to which attitudes towards marijuana legalization have changed over the past four decades and (2) how the social factors often associated with marijuana legalization attitudes have changed over the same period. Results indicate that over one-third of Americans now believe marijuana should be made legal. These pro-legalization attitudes are at their highest levels in four decades. Being younger, more educated, and liberal have been associated with these positive attitudes towards marijuana legalization. Yet age and education has become slightly less significant. Greater church attendance has remained associated with negative attitudes. While being white once correlated with anti-legalization attitudes, it is now positively associated with marijuana legalization attitudes. Finally, this study describes the remaining findings and thoughts.

Název diplomové práce v anglickém jazyce, abstrakt v anglickém jazyce a klíčová slova Title of the thesis: Prohibition versus Legalization of Drugs from the Perspective of Law and Economics Abstract Drug prohibition has lasted for over a hundred years. In the last decade, however, more and more states are moving from restrictive drug policy to milder forms of drug regulation, including their partial legalization. This master's thesis is one of the first Czech studies that comprehensively deals with the prohibition and legalization of drugs from the perspective of law and economics. The main aim of this thesis is to analyze selected economic and legal aspects of current drug prohibition and possible legalization of drugs. Several methods have been used to achieve this objective, with the greatest emphasis being placed on the demand-supply analysis of the drug market, which is present in the economic part of this thesis. This analysis makes it possible to understand how drug market is affected by state interventions, why these interventions often fail or identify benefits of drug legalization. This is followed by description of the most significant economic implications of drug use and their prohibition. Consequently, the next section deals with a brief overview of the history of economic thought regarding...

Název diplomové práce v anglickém jazyce, abstrakt v anglickém jazyce a klíčová slova Title of the thesis: Prohibition versus Legalization of Drugs from the Perspective of Law and Economics Abstract Drug prohibition has lasted for over a hundred years. In the last decade, however, more and more states are moving from restrictive drug policy to milder forms of drug regulation, including their partial legalization. This master's thesis is one of the first Czech studies that comprehensively deals with the prohibition and legalization of drugs from the perspective of law and economics. The main aim of this thesis is to analyze selected economic and legal aspects of current drug prohibition and possible legalization of drugs. Several methods have been used to achieve this objective, with the greatest emphasis being placed on the demand-supply analysis of the drug market, which is present in the economic part of this thesis. This analysis makes it possible to understand how drug market is affected by state interventions, why these interventions often fail or identify benefits of drug legalization. This is followed by description of the most significant economic implications of drug use and their prohibition. Consequently, the next section deals with a brief overview of the history of economic thought regarding...

AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OFBrett Lacey, for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Criminology and Criminal Justice, presented on March 26, 2021, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: LEGALIZATION EFFECTS ON ILLEGAL MULTI-STATE CANNABIS DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Christopher W. Mullins Although a broad and detailed history of illegal cannabis trafficking networks exist, it remains a relatively understudied group in the current legal context. Prior research has been limited in three crucial aspects: it has been geographically limited to single states or jurisdictions, studies have been limited to examining one role while mentioning others only peripherally, and the majority of earlier similar studies were conducted from the 1980s through 2000s. It is unclear whether these findings represent current black market actors in the cannabis industry. This study will attempt to address these temporal, legal, and geographical gaps in empirical research through conducting in depth semi-structured interviews with 36 active illicit cannabis traffickers from California, Colorado, Illinois, and Oregon. Overall, it addresses how illegal cannabis distribution networks operate across varying roles, their decision making processes regarding legality, the processes involved in shipping or mailing cannabis, and the corresponding monetary system involved with conducting transactions without physical interaction. Overall findings mirrored prior research in that the black market of cannabis will persist and continue to flourish in the current legalization context. However, findings also indicated that black market actors are highly adept to adapting to policy, possess considerable business acumen, and detailed an entire system of trafficking and associated monetary system rarely mentioned previously. To theoretically contextualize this research, this study utilized institutional anomie theory, organizational adaptation theory, and rational choice theory.

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On October 17, 2018, the Canadian Federal government legalized the recreational use of marijuana. This shift in the legal status of recreational drug use is far reaching and is generating interest within the research community. One unanticipated consequence of this new law is its effect on canines. This paper analyzes media coverage of the way in which the legalization of cannabis has newly changed the lives of animals, specifically dogs. Through a content analysis there were two broad themes identified: (1) the reduced opportunities for working dogs; (2) the negative health effects of cannabis on dogs. Using a One Health framework, the analysis discusses the potential policy and program development responses available to address the increasing interaction between humans, animals and legal marijuana. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

Master of Regional and Community Planning / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / Katherine Nesse / In November of 2012, the state of Colorado officially ended an 80 year national prohibition of recreational marijuana by voting to pass Amendment 64. This shift in state policy generated a multitude of economic opportunities for jurisdictions throughout the state. However, the location and volume of production and sale that is authorized is ultimately determined at the city and county level. Localities in Colorado are charged with regulating the new industry in the same manner as they do other locally unwanted land uses (LULUs) such as sex-oriented businesses, halfway houses and liquor stores. This paper examines community planning approaches involving the legalization of recreational marijuana in rural Colorado. The goal of this report is to serve as a document that can be used by jurisdictions that are poised to legalize in the future, as a reference when examining best practice for the regulation of a new recreational marijuana industry. I collected data through one-on-one interviews with city and county planners throughout Colorado. The focus of the research is two-fold: to determine what approach the planning staff took towards managing recreational marijuana in their jurisdiction and to determine why the planning staff chose the approach that they did. Through the course of this research, I have found that conservative communities are treating recreational marijuana shops as nuisance or vice businesses and are using there zoning and regulatory powers to push the shops outside of city limits. Progressive communities have taken a more inclusive approach and in return are profiting from the new market. The struggle between state law and local public perception in these jurisdictions may be the major reason why some communities are not benefiting from the public revenue being generated by Amendment 64.

O sistema internacional testemunha a consolidação de um regime internacional de combate à lavagem de dinheiro. Fundado em premissas hodiernas do Direito Internacional, esse regime responde a uma ordem internacional multifacetada, que se verifica no progressivo protagonismo de atores subnacionais e de organismos não governamentais. A consequente relativização da função dos Estados, como vetores históricos das relações internacionais, enseja um processo de jurificação, por meio de instrumentos de soft law estabelecidos, em sua maioria, pelo GAFI. Analisa-se a formação histórica da lavagem de dinheiro e o respectivo processo de construção de antagonistas legais, tais como os tratados celebrados no âmbito das Nações Unidas e o soft law - paradigma consubstanciado na criação do GAFI. Examinam-se as recomendações do GAFI, na estruturação do regime internacional de combate à lavagem de dinheiro e na construção de projeções regionais do organismo, concentradas na expansão de seu espectro de atuação e de seu alcance. Estudam-se o processo de avaliação dos membros e não membros e o processo sancionador baseado na criação das listas de países não cooperantes, com o objetivo de evidenciar os seus papéis enquanto vetores de compliance. Ao final, trata-se o tema sob a perspectiva da compliance na ordem jurídica nacional, analisando a internalização das recomendações, no ordenamento brasileiro, desde a criminalização da lavagem de dinheiro até a estruturação administrativa dos órgãos de regulação (COAF, Banco Central, Superintendencia de Seguros Privados, entre outros) e da Unidade de Inteligência Financeira, de forma a evidenciar as alterações estruturais realizadas na legislação interna visando adequá-la às exigências internacionais. / The international system has been witnessing the consolidation of an transnational moneylaundering enforcement regime, built upon contemporary International Law premises. Such system tackles a multifaceted world order which one can attest by spotting the progressive protagonism of both subnational actors and non-governmental organizations and the resulting relativization of States functions historically the main vector of the international relations. The aforementioned phenomenon gives room to a jurification process lead by FATF soft law. Accordingly, this works analyzes the historical development of money laundering and the formation of its respective legal antagonists, such as the United Nation System treaties and soft law a paradigm consubstantiated by the launch of FATF. It examines FATF recommendations, the structuring of an international money-laundering enforcement regime and the organisms regional projections, generally focused on the expansion of its operating spectrum and outreach. It studies the members and non-members assessment procedure and their sanctioning process based on the enrollment of noncooperative countries, in order to highlight their role as compliance vectors. Lastly, it glances compliance through the Brazilian legal system, the internalization of FATF recommendations since money launderings criminalization so far as to the administrative arrangement of regulatory bodies (COAF, Central Bank, Private Insurances Superintendence, and so forth) and of the Financial Intelligence Unit, in order to highlight the structural changes made to the domestic legislation so that it adapts itself to international requirements.

Community coalitions have had successful reductions in adolescent substance abuse, and the legalization of marijuana presents an opportunity for these coalitions to re-evaluate their current methods and messages for preventing adolescent marijuana usage. Using the theory of planned behavior, the purpose of this qualitative study was to determine how legalization of marijuana for recreational purposes affects the methods and messages of coalitions and how the coalition members perceive their efforts to reduce adolescent marijuana usage post-legalization in Colorado. Participants were obtained by recommendations from the executive director in each of four coalitions. A purposive sample of 12 coalition members was interviewed via telephone and recorded. Data from the transcripts were analyzed, coded, and repeated as necessary until themes arose. The major themes suggested that programs alone were inadequate to change adolescents' perception of marijuana, despite the current success of the methods and messages expressed by coalition members. Recommendations included continuing current programs despite legalization, partnering with marijuana retail shops, engaging youth through multiple tactics, developing relationships with youth, and improving parent education to help prevent adolescent marijuana usage. These themes could shape the development of programs that guide adolescents into making better choices, which could ultimately lead to positive social change.