There are increasing needs for trained business persons as a result of the recent rapid development of foreign trade in Vietnam. A good command of written commercial English is one of the most important qualifications of a business person. At present the Hanoi Foreign Trade College is the only institution which is responsible for training commerce students. The teaching of writing skill in general and the teaching of commercial letter writing in particular still leave much to be desired. The writing skill of graduates of the Hanoi Foreign Trade College is far from satisfactory This Field Study Report aims at identifying the difficulties and the needs of commerce students in the Hanoi Foreign Trade College. It takes into consideration the language and learning needs of the target students in order to suggest a syllabus for the teaching of commercial letter writing to commerce students more efficiently. The Field Study Report consists of seven chapters. Chapter I provides an analysis of the teaching and learning situations at the Hanoi Foreign Trade College and problems of the teaching of commercial letter writing. Chapter 2 looks at some major theoretical problems and practical issues for Specific Purpose English syllabus design and material production for the teaching of commercial letter writing to commerce students at the Hanoi Foreign Trade College. Chapter 3 is a contrastive analysis of western commercial letters, Vietnamese commercial letters in Vietnamese and Vietnamese commercial letters in English. Chapter 4 is an analysis of the results of a survey made in 1988 to identify the needs of commerce students for commercial letters. Chapter 5 is mainly concerned with designing a communicative syllabus for the teaching of commercial letter writing to commerce students in Vietnam. Chapter 6 is the proposed syllabus for the teaching of CLW to commerce students at the HFTC, Vietnam. Chapter 7 is the conclusion. This Field Study Report should be regarded as an exploratory attempt to adopt the communicative approach in designing a syllabus for the teaching of commercial letter writing to commerce students in Vietnam.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Oregon, 2007. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 46-48). Also available online.

Thesis--Jāmiʻat Muʼtah. / Text in Arabic; commentary in English. Title on v. 2: al-Taʻrīf bi-al-muṣṭalaḥ al-sharīf. Includes bibliographical references (v. 1, p. 309-335) and indexes.

Thesis--Jāmiʻat Muʼtah. / Text in Arabic; commentary in English. Title on v. 2: al-Taʻrīf bi-al-muṣṭalaḥ al-sharīf. Includes bibliographical references (v. 1, p. 309-335) and indexes.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1902. / Bibliography: p. 60-70.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Catholic University of America, 1930. / Includes bibliographical references (p. xii-xiv; "Collections": p. ix-x).

This paper analyzes two documents from the Jesuit mission to Japan, both written by Luís Fróis (1532-1597). They discuss the same topic: the conversion to Christianity of a young nobleman from Bungo (Kyushu) in 1577. One is an epistle and the other deals with historic issues. The comparison reveals the peculiarities of each genre, in line with the norms of the Society of Jesus. The paper concludes that epistles were considered to strengthen spiritual and identity links, as a result of which they were widely disseminated during the 16th century. / Este artículo analiza dos documentos del corpus jesuita sobre la misión japonesa. Ambos son de Luís Fróis (1532-1597) y versan sobre el mismo episodio: la conversión al cristianismo de un joven cortesano de Bungo (Kyushu) en 1577. Una de las fuentes pertenece al género epistolar y la otra, al histórico. La comparación entre ambas revela la especificidad de cada género según las normativas de la Compañía de Jesús. Concluimos que las epístolas cumplían con los objetivos básicos del género histórico y resultaban propicias para afianzar lazos espirituales e identitarios, lo cual legitimó su sistemática publicación durante el siglo XVI.

This thesis analyses the idea of the Church adopted by the papacy of Honorius II (1124-1130), a pontificate hitherto overlooked by most historians. The main sources, examined with a particular focus on language and context, are the extant letters produced by the papal chancery, which present the official Roman view. A preliminary calendar of the letters is compiled here for the first time and is intended as a tool for future research. Chronicles and other sources are also used to expand the analysis. The first section explores the papacy's theoretical assertions of primacy over the whole Church and the innovations of the chancery led by Haimeric (1123-1141). It argues that this pontificate added a degree of novelty to ideas already in use (such as the maternal role of the Roman church) but also made new and stronger claims for the papal office. Chapter two considers the consequences of these claims on papal relations with other ecclesiastical institutions and the tools Honorius resorted to when asserting his primacy. It concludes that some of these – especially papal legates – were adapted to the pope's needs or achieved an even more significant role during this papacy, allowing Honorius to exercise a certain pragmatic primacy over the whole Church. Chapter three deals with relations with secular powers. Although this is afflicted by a serious dearth of letters – the silences of Honorius - the chapter demonstrates that it is still possible to recreate some sense of the modus operandi towards secular powers. It argues that the papacy was usually responsive and its actual power quite limited. The last section offers a case study of Honorius's relations with Montecassino. Compared with two almost contemporary cases at Cluny and Farfa, this exposes how the ecclesiology of this papacy worked in detail. It argues that these episodes should be read together as a papal attempt to assert primacy over institutions which had always pursued a policy independent from Rome. The image emerging from this analysis frames Honorius's papacy more effectively, overturning the idea of a transitional and colourless pope. This was a vital pontificate, during which some significant innovations and claims were made. In particular, by adapting the content of each letter to addressee and context, Honorius's chancery, led by Haimeric, played a decisive role in extending the ecclesiology of the papacy.

INTRODUÇÃO: A Companhia de Jesus desde o seu início influenciou as mais diversas esferas da sociedade, incluindo o campo informacional. Uma das formas de exercer tal influência foi através das cartas escritas pelos religiosos. OBJETIVO: Identificar e analisar as primeiras prescrições para a escrita epistolar da Companhia de Jesus, investigando o conteúdo das prescrições e comparando-as entre si. MÉTODO: Revisão de literatura sobre o contexto histórico-informacional do século XVI, mais especificamente sobre as primeiras décadas da expansão do impresso e a epistolografia no período, focando nos manuais para a escrita de cartas; a revisão procurou ressaltar as contribuições dos jesuítas no contexto. RESULTADOS: O levantamento encontrou três normas epistolares nos primeiros anos da Companhia: as Reglas (1547), alguns artigos das Constituições relativos ao tema (1558) e a Formula scribendi (1565), cuja tradução em língua portuguesa foi feita exclusivamente para este trabalho. A análise delas mostrou que a Companhia elaborou normativas rígidas para a produção e circulação das cartas, mas que possibilitaram a criação de uma verdadeira rede de informações epistolares pelo mundo. CONCLUSÕES: Os jesuítas tiveram papel relevante no contexto informacional do século XVI, sobretudo através de suas cartas. Por determinarem questões como autores, destinatários, temas das cartas e seus prazos, as normas epistolares foram de essencial importância para a manutenção dessa rede de informações. / INTRODUCTION: The Society of Jesus from its inception has influenced the most diverse spheres of society, including the informational field. One of the ways of exercising such influence was through the letters written by the religious. OBJECTIVE: To identify and analyze the first prescriptions for the epistolary writing of the Society of Jesus, investigating their contents and comparing them with each other. METHOD: Literature review on the historical-informational context of the sixteenth century, more specifically on the first decades of print expansion and epistolography in the period, focusing on manuals for writing letters; the review sought to emphasize the contributions of the Jesuits in the context. RESULTS: The survey found three epistolary norms in the first years of the Society: the Rules (1547), some articles of the Constitutions (1558) on the subject and the Formula scribendi (1565), whose translation into Portuguese was made exclusively for this work. Their analysis showed that the Society developed rigid norms for the production and circulation of letters, but that made possible the creation of a true network of epistolary information throughout the world. CONCLUSIONS: The Jesuits played a relevant role in the informational context of the sixteenth century, especially through their letters. By determining issues such as authors, recipients, themes of the letters and their deadlines, the rules of letters were of essential importance for the maintenance of this information network.