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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Desenvolvimento de nanocompósitos baseados em hidrogéis aplicados à liberação de nutrientes agrícolas / Development of nanocomposites based on polysaccharide hydrogels applied to management of macro and micronutrients essential for agricultural development

Bortolin, Adriel 21 March 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:36:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6478.pdf: 2899923 bytes, checksum: 1095bab77bd034424c8a38e03d4f85ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-21 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / Nanocomposites were developed based on polyacrylamide hydrogels (PAAm) and methylcellulose (MC) reinforced with montmorillonite (MMT), undergoing the materials to subsequent hydrolysis process and evaluating their loading and potential for slow release of agricultural nutrients. The hydrolyzed material obtained excellent results in terms of swelling degree, about five times higher than hydrogels commonly found in the literature and presented loading capacity values of two sources of nutrients - urea (macronutrient) and sodium octaborate (micronutrient) - above to the generally reported. Finally, it was shown that the nanocomposites structure played a key role to control the release of nutrient sources, whereas the MMt content in the material controlled the total amount charged and reduced the release kinetics of nutrient for solution. Through X-ray diffraction, good nanodispersion (intercalation) and exfoliation of the clay platelets in the polymeric hydrogel matrix were revealed, mainly for the hydrolyzed nanocomposites. FTIR analysis indicated that incorporation of the MMt with the polymer matrix of the hydrogel occurred, and this incorporation increased the rate of water and nutrient solution absorption (indicated by higher values in kinetic constant k). The presence of MMt in the nanocomposite was shown as a decisive factor for the application viability, since it determined the increasing in mechanical strength, improved thermal properties and loading capacity for nutrient sources, also contributing significantly to the reduction of the final price of material. The results showed that nanocomposites are potentially applicable in agricultural systems as a carrier of nutrients sources. / Foram desenvolvidos materiais nanocompósitos baseados em hidrogéis de poliacrilamida (PAAm) e metilcelulose (MC) reforçados com montmorilonita (MMt), submetendo os materiais a processo subsequente de hidrólise, e avaliando seu potencial para o carregamento e liberação lenta de nutrientes agrícolas. O material hidrolisado obteve excelentes resultados de intumescimento, cerca de até cinco vezes superiores que os comumente encontrados na literatura, e apresentou capacidade de carregamento de duas fontes de nutrientes ureia (macronutriente) e octaborato de sódio (micronutriente) em valores também superiores ao geralmente reportado. Por fim, a estrutura do nanocompósito se mostrou essencial para o controle da liberação das fontes de nutrientes, sendo que o teor de MMt no material controlou a quantidade total carregada e a cinética de liberação para o meio. Por medidas de difração de raios-X, notou-se uma boa nanodispersão (intercalação) e esfoliação das plaquetas de argila na matriz de hidrogel principalmente para os nanocompósitos hidrolisados. Análises de FTIR indicaram que houve a incorporação do argilomineral junto à matriz polimérica do hidrogel, e essa incorporação aumentou a velocidade de absorção de água ou solução nutritiva (indicada pelo aumento da constante cinética k). A presença do argilomineral no nanocompósitos se mostrou um fator importante para a viabilidade de sua aplicação, pois aumentou a resistência mecânica do material, indicada pelos testes de compressão, melhorou as propriedades térmicas e a capacidade de carregamento para fontes de nutrientes, contribuindo ainda de maneira significativa para a diminuição do custo final. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os nanocompósitos obtidos são potencialmente aplicáveis em sistemas de liberação lenta/controlada de nutrientes.

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