The purpose of this thesis is to offer a contemporary overlook on the widely discussed and problematic topic of bankong crises. This analysis gives a list of banking crises which have ocurred since the 90s. up to now, their causes and definitions, and explains some important macro- and microeconomic reasons for their occurrence.It also shows how current economic theory describes the causes and nature of financial instability, with emphasis on its real effects and high economic, as well as social costs. Based on these findings, this paper offers possible resolutions of problems of the financial system and methods of its stabilization with the aim to prevent future crises. A separate chapter is dedicated to the crises in Argentina 2001, the nordic countries in the late 80s/early 90s, and the Czech republic during its transition period.

The diploma thesis deals with the crisis of the welfare state, which is causing problems in the public finance and deteriorating economic situation in many countries. Compares two groups of similar economic level OECD countries which spend the highest and the lowest social expenditure in percentage of GDP. Observes differences in their economic and demographic situation. The thesis also deals with the causes of the crisis and provides an example of successful economic reform, which significantly reduced growth of the welfare state and started a very successful economic period. The results of the analysis and the example of the reform provide some proposals for the welfare state cisis solution throught liberal way.

Nowadays, being a member of the World Trade Organization for a country means becoming an active participant of the world trade relations. On May 16, 2008, Ukraine officially became the 152th member-country of the WTO. The thesis describes the process of Ukraine's acceptance to the WTO that lasted for more than fourteen years. Moreover, in the work it is analyzed Ukraine's gains and losses after the two-year WTO membership. The study focuses on strength and weaknesses of the WTO membership in common and for Ukraine specifically.

Les récentes crises économiques et financières mettent en débat les prescriptions de politiques dictées par les institutions financières internationales pour réguler les économies. Ces mêmes prescriptions de politiques économiques ont conduit à modifier l’organisation du système coton du Bénin dans le cadre des programmes d’ajustement structurel depuis 1991. L’objet de la thèse est d’analyser les effets de la libéralisation économique du système coton sur les règles de fonctionnement, les interrelations entre producteurs, la coordination économique et sur les mécanismes de prise de décisions, de choix de production et de répartition des ressources. Pour y répondre, nous avons mobilisé la théorie de l’économie institutionnelle dans sa version originelle avec une démarche comparative temporelle pour faire ressortir l’articulation marchand/non marchand. Nos résultats montrent que la stabilité institutionnelle et celle des transactions de répartition entre producteurs résultent de la formation de communautés d’acteurs qui ont encadré et contrôlé les relations marchandes et non marchandes en amont et en aval de la production cotonnière. En revanche, l’introduction de relations marchandes pour le contrôle des ressources dans la coordination depuis 2002 rend instable les institutions et les transactions de répartition. La multifonctionnalité du coton rendue possible par les institutions qui régulent les relations économiques des producteurs est négativement affectée. Il apparaît alors des tensions entre acteurs qui n’incitent plus à la production cotonnière ni aux productions non marchandes. A partir de différents niveaux de spécialisation cotonnière, les unités de production agricole adoptent de nouvelles stratégies quitte à remettre en cause les relations et valeurs de solidarité et la stabilité institutionnelle. Les choix de production et l’allocation des ressources sont déterminés simultanément par des considérations marchandes et l’appartenance à un groupe ou à une famille. La thèse conclut que si les institutions sont nécessaires pour la coordination économique et pour faire fonctionner les marchés, elles sont cependant amoindries lorsque les relations marchandes dominent les relations économiques. Il s’ensuit au cours des dernières années, une baisse de la production de coton qui fragilise l’économie du Bénin. Atteindre les objectifs de production cotonnière fixés par le gouvernement béninois suppose de conforter les institutions fragilisées par la libéralisation / Recent economic and financial crises have prompted discussion of economic policy requirements dictated by international financial institutions to borrowing countries. Such economic policy prescriptions have modified the organization of the cotton system in Beninwith structural adjustment programs since 1991. The objective of the thesis is to analyze how economic liberalization of the cotton system has affected working rules, interrelationships between producers, economic coordination, decision-making mechanisms, crop choice and the distribution of resources. To answer, we adopt a traditional institutional economics framework and use a temporal comparative approach to highlight the joint of market/ nonmarket relationships. Results show that the stability of institutions and the rationing transactions among producers had resulted from the formation of communities of actors which supervised and controlled market/ non-market relationships ahead and down stream production. However, greater competition for resources control in the coordination since 2002 has made the institutions and rationing transactions unstable. Cotton’s multifunctionality,which is enhanced by such institutions and the collective action of producers, is negatively affected. It appears tensions between actors which discouraged both cotton production and non-market production. At different levels of cotton production specialization, farms have adopted new strategies that threaten producer solidarity and institutional stability. Production decisions and resource allocations are both determined by market forces and by group or family memberships. The thesis concludes that strong institutions are necessary for economic coordination and for market regulation, and that they become weak when market forces dominate economic relationships. It follows that in recent years, liberalization has led to a decline in cotton production, which weakens the economy of Benin. Achieving the cotton production goals set by the government of Benin implies a need to strengthen the institutions weakened by recent liberalization

In an effort to define which country will succeed in being the first of the two, I have given much attention to the East India Trade Company (EIC) and its influence on both India and China and the impact it has had on the social, political and economic change in both countries. While both countries have started off the same in the first half of the 20th century, their economic difference began with Xiaopings' rule in the late 70's of the 20th century. He is the one responsible for the opening of China, allowing it to have a steady takeoff and accelerate post-Cold War. India on the other hand has been in fear of foreign exploitation due to the EIC, making their development substantially slower. Religious and regional issues are a reason for India to not have enough focus on their human capital and their multi-party government, resulting in an inability to focus on the necessary reformation of the 'red tapes'. Another domestic policy missing in India, but strong in China is human capital, which is a private matter in India, while China has highly invested in it since The Great Leap Forward. Understanding the governance and economic policies of both countries provides an insight to both countries and supports my reasoning as to why I believe that China will - despite its' slowdown, be ahead of the race.

This thesis deals with innovations in freight transport, especially from the perspective of information and communication technologies. It identifies key strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats in an implementation of innovations. Its main contribution is the linking of current informatics trends with specific trends of the rail freight sector in the Czech Republic in relation to the regulation and harmonization of the European Union. One of the important objectives of today's enterprise informatics is support of the strategic management. Based on the test the validity of the working hypothesis, according to which companies in the rail freight don't use strategic management tools enough, it makes recommendations for innovation in the sector. The thesis also briefly presents some innovative applications of Czech IT developers. It is a comprehensive material from which the Chief information officer (CIO) can get basic orientation in the rail freight sector. It may also serve as an inspiration for companies that want to enter the market, or are already operating on it and want to achieve competitive advantage through innovation.

This master's thesis describes the current state of passenger rail transport and the most important long-distance projects in Europe in the 20th century. It also deals with current changes in the European rail market and its further development. The aim of this master's thesis is to analyze the state of long-distance rail passenger transport in the Czech Republic and abroad, a general view on the high speed rail, which is described in terms of its development, technology, benefits and costs and the analysis of the competitiveness of high speed rail compared to air transport from a user's perspective. This thesis also solves possible relations between high speed rail and other means of transport and whether high speed rail could be competitive in the Praha -- Brno line.

The aim of this paper is to examine the striking inverse co-movement of decreasing inflation rates and increasing degree of globalization in developed economies during the current wave of globalization beginning in the 1980s. Our analysis stands on theoretical identification of channels through which globalization affects inflation in developed economies and the role of monetary policy in the process. Econometric estimation of the impact of advancing globalization on the rate of inflation carried out on a sample of high-income OECD countries over the years 1980 - 2013 supports our hypothesis that advancing globalization has a significant negative impact on the rate of inflation in advanced economies.

The purpose of this paper is to test the effects of labor cost, openness, and demand side variables on employment for the case of Turkey using the panel data of private manufacturing industry at three digit level for 25 sectors for the period of 1973-2001. We use a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model, which allows for cross-sectoral heterogeneity. The estimation results show that higher growth is more effective in stimulating employment compared to lower labor costs. The reliance of Turkey and many developing countries on labor market flexibility and openness as the unique tools of employment policy reflects a pro-capital incomes policy bias rather than a necessity. The results confirm the Keynesian emphasis on demand-side policies to fight against unemployment. / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

This diploma thesis studies the influence of trade liberalization on the sources of the economic growth of Brazil. The theoretical part of this work presents some definitions of economic growth and characteristics from two basic economic growth models: the Solow model and the endogenous growth model. Regarding trade liberalization, some international trade theories are presented in this thesis, including the basis of protectionist measures, which are frequently implemented around the world. The practical part of this work analyzes the course of the Brazilian economy throughout different periods, where the GDP growth rate, sources of economic growth and the presence of protectionist policies are taking into account. Later on, the thesis reviews the trade liberalization process that Brazil experimented in the 1990s and how this process influenced the performance of the Brazilian GDP. For long time, the topics of positive effects of free international trade and the unavoidable globalization process have been on the table. Brazil enjoys conditions that are given for economic success. However, the question is whether Brazil will manage to make full use of these favorable conditions and handle the obstacles that come up along the way to its development, while enforcing free international trade and promoting its full liberalization aiming to positively influence economic growth.