Orientadores: Mauricio Roriz, Paulo Sergio Scarazzato / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T07:07:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Scarazzato_PauloSergio_M.pdf: 1298030 bytes, checksum: ed6a14898133297e6bf5adc07cbe1fb4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: A utilização de iluminação natural, por meio de aberturas laterais é quase inevitável nas edificações. No entanto, da forma convencional como vêm sendo projetadas e construídas, estas aberturas podem apresentar desempenho bastante insatisfatório, particularmente em relação à má distribuição das iluminâncias internas e aos significativos níveis de ganhos térmicos. Esta Dissertação de Mestrado apresenta uma pesquisa que, através da análise de dados medidos em modelo físico, montado na cidade Campinas, Estado de São Paulo, objetivou identificar os parâmetros principais que interferem no comportamento de prateleiras de luz. Essas são elementos que redirecionam a luz solar para o interior dos ambientes, especialmente para as regiões mais distantes das janelas, muitas vezes insuficientemente iluminadas e que, ao mesmo tempo, atenuam o excesso de radiação nas regiões mais próximas das fachadas, reduzindo, assim, os contrastes entre áreas mais claras e mais escuras. O experimento foi realizado com monitoramento simultâneo de iluminâncias externas e internas ao modelo em escala, sob as condições reais do céu local. Foram estudados seis sistemas de prateleiras: branca horizontal, branca com quatro diferentes inclinações e espelhada horizontal. Foram elaboradas comparações entre os desempenhos apresentados por estas seis tipologias, bem como entre seus resultados e aqueles observados em sistemas tradicionais de aberturas laterais, sem qualquer elemento de redirecionamento da luz. Adicionalmente, os valores medidos foram também comparados com outros dados experimentais, disponíveis no software DLN - Disponibilidade de Luz Natural. / Abstract: The use of day lighting through lateral openings is almost inevitable in the constructions. However, in the conventional form as they come being projected and constructed, these openings present sufficiently unsatisfactory performance, particularly in relation to bad distribution of the internal luminance and to the significant levels of thermal profits. This work of graduate presents a research that, through the analysis of measured data in physical model mounted in the Campinas city, state of São Paulo, it objectified to identify the main parameters that intervene with the behavior of light shelves. These are elements that redirect the solar light for the interior of environments, especially for the regions most distant of the windows, many times insufficiently illuminated and that, in the same time, attenuate the excess of radiation in the regions next to the feats, thus reducing the contrasts between clearer and darker areas. The experiment was carried through with simultaneous watching of external and internal luminance to the model in scale, under the real conditions of the local sky. Six systems of shelves, horizontal white, white with four different inclinations and horizontal mirror surface had been studied. Had been elaborated comparisons between the performances presented for these six typologies, as well as between its results and the observed ones in traditional systems of lateral openings, without any element of redirectioning of the light. Additionally, the measured values also had been compared with other experimental data, available in software "DLN" - Availability of Natural Light. / Mestrado / Arquitetura e Construção / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Active daylight harvesting technologies that are currently available in the market have often suffered from wide-spread market acceptability due to their high cost and imperfect performance. Passive systems, though simple and affordable, typically cannot harvest higher potentials of daylight, which is dynamic over days, months, and seasons, due to their static nature. There is a research and market gap that calls for investigation towards the development of low-tech, manually adjustable, high-performance daylighting mechanisms to be used as an alternative to active daylighting solutions, which are often controlled by building automation systems. This research proposes a framework to support the development of daylight harvesting mechanisms, which will allow for low-tech yet temporary adjustable systems, merging some of the advantages of active systems with passive ones. The hybrid of the above two categories will be a manually adjustable light harvesting device that will allow for quick adjustment through mechanical means to few predefined positions. These positions will be customized to each location to achieve optimum daylight harvesting. The resulting device will allow for flexible adjustment to daily and seasonal variations of the sun's path, while retaining a level of simplicity and elegance towards low-cost installation and operation. Significant effort was made in the initial phase of this research to use experimental studies as the primary method of investigation. However, given the nature of daylight and practical constraints in the field, the experimental method was found to be not productive enough for extent of this research. As a result, simulation studies were ultimately used to generate the necessary data for the development of this framework. For the simulation phase 'DIVA4Rhino,' a climate-based daylighting software and 'Grasshopper,' a graphical programming tool for Rhino, was used to first construct a parametric simulation loop. Next, a reduced set of parameters for a manually adjustable light shelf system were tested for daylight performance, as a 'proof of concept'. Finally, based on the previous two steps, a framework to help the development of manually adjustable light shelf systems has been defined. This research shows that light shelves, even when kept fixed at a single optimum configuration for the whole year, can increase interior daylight performance in most locations and orientations. It also shows that indoor daylight harvesting can be further enhanced if the light shelf is manually adjusted on a seasonal basis. Amongst the variations tested, rotational adjustability has been found to contribute most to the increase in performance. Segmented adjustability, e.g. where the inner and outer sections of a light shelf are manipulated separately, was found to extend performance of light shelves even further though not by significant amounts. / Ph. D.

Light is one of the most important elements for seizure of the architectural space and can be considered the most valuable resource by the architect, responsible for biological effects, psychological and human visual system. You can also reduce the use of artificial lighting systems, contributing to the growing global awareness of the depletion of natural resources of the planet. However, its use in architecture should be made based on criteria in order to optimize its benefits. Thus, the light shelf can be used as a daylighting control element, which reduces the direct incidence of sunlight, can more evenly distribute light within the room. Using computer simulation software TropLux proceeded to the simulation of a basic room with no light shelf and weather data for the city of Maceio. From there, nine other rooms were created with light shelf and each received a different reflectance configuration of 0.9, 0.7 and 0.5, ranging from diffuse, specular and mixed. the values were compared between the standard room and the other as well as between the points of the same depth between the different rooms in order to establish which setting has allowed a better light performance. As a result, we arrived at the conclusion that the use of light shelf to fully diffuse surface, provided a greater uniformity in the distribution of natural lighting within the environment in comparison to the use of mixed or specular surfaces. The light shelves with reflectance of 0.5 in comparison to others, showed better uniformity of illuminance. / A luz é um dos mais importantes elementos para apreensão do espaço arquitetônico e pode ser considerado o recurso mais valioso pelo arquiteto, sendo responsável por efeitos biológicos, psicológicos e visual do homem. Pode ainda reduzir o uso de sistemas artificiais de iluminação, contribuindo com a crescente conscientização mundial do esgotamento de recursos naturais do planeta. Entretanto, seu uso na arquitetura deve ser feito a partir de critérios, de modo a otimizar seus benefícios. Nesse sentido, a prateleira de luz pode ser usada como um elemento de controle da iluminação natural que permite reduzir a incidência de radiação solar direta, podendo distribuir mais uniformemente a luz dentro do ambiente. Utilizando o software de simulação computacional TropLux, procedeu‐se a simulação de uma sala base sem prateleira de luz e com dados climáticos para a cidade de Maceió. A partir daí, foram criadas outras nove salas com prateleira de luz e cada uma delas recebeu uma configuração diferente com refletância de 0,9, 0,7 e 0,5, variando entre difusa, especular e mista. Foram comparados os valores entre a sala padrão e as demais, bem como entre os pontos de mesma profundidade entre as diferentes salas a fim de estabelecer qual configuração permitiu um melhor desempenho luminoso. Como resultados, chegou‐se à conclusão que a utilização da prateleira de luz com superfície totalmente difusa, proporcionou uma maior uniformidade na distribuição da iluminação natural no interior do ambiente em comparação à utilização de superfícies especulares ou mistas. As prateleiras de luz com refletância de 0,5 em comparação as demais, foram as que melhor distribuíram e uniformizaram a luz natural.

Light is one of the most important elements for seizure of the architectural space and can be considered the most valuable resource by the architect, responsible for biological effects, psychological and human visual system. You can also reduce the use of artificial lighting systems, contributing to the growing global awareness of the depletion of natural resources of the planet. However, its use in architecture should be made based on criteria in order to optimize its benefits. Thus, the light shelf can be used as a daylighting control element, which reduces the direct incidence of sunlight, can more evenly distribute light within the room. Using computer simulation software TropLux proceeded to the simulation of a basic room with no light shelf and weather data for the city of Maceio. From there, nine other rooms were created with light shelf and each received a different reflectance configuration of 0.9, 0.7 and 0.5, ranging from diffuse, specular and mixed. the values were compared between the standard room and the other as well as between the points of the same depth between the different rooms in order to establish which setting has allowed a better light performance. As a result, we arrived at the conclusion that the use of light shelf to fully diffuse surface, provided a greater uniformity in the distribution of natural lighting within the environment in comparison to the use of mixed or specular surfaces. The light shelves with reflectance of 0.5 in comparison to others, showed better uniformity of illuminance. / A luz é um dos mais importantes elementos para apreensão do espaço arquitetônico e pode ser considerado o recurso mais valioso pelo arquiteto, sendo responsável por efeitos biológicos, psicológicos e visual do homem. Pode ainda reduzir o uso de sistemas artificiais de iluminação, contribuindo com a crescente conscientização mundial do esgotamento de recursos naturais do planeta. Entretanto, seu uso na arquitetura deve ser feito a partir de critérios, de modo a otimizar seus benefícios. Nesse sentido, a prateleira de luz pode ser usada como um elemento de controle da iluminação natural que permite reduzir a incidência de radiação solar direta, podendo distribuir mais uniformemente a luz dentro do ambiente. Utilizando o software de simulação computacional TropLux, procedeu‐se a simulação de uma sala base sem prateleira de luz e com dados climáticos para a cidade de Maceió. A partir daí, foram criadas outras nove salas com prateleira de luz e cada uma delas recebeu uma configuração diferente com refletância de 0,9, 0,7 e 0,5, variando entre difusa, especular e mista. Foram comparados os valores entre a sala padrão e as demais, bem como entre os pontos de mesma profundidade entre as diferentes salas a fim de estabelecer qual configuração permitiu um melhor desempenho luminoso. Como resultados, chegou‐se à conclusão que a utilização da prateleira de luz com superfície totalmente difusa, proporcionou uma maior uniformidade na distribuição da iluminação natural no interior do ambiente em comparação à utilização de superfícies especulares ou mistas. As prateleiras de luz com refletância de 0,5 em comparação as demais, foram as que melhor distribuíram e uniformizaram a luz natural.