Fluorescence is a common effect in nature, it re-emits light by absorbing photons, caus- ing a wavelength shift from a shorter wavelength to a longer one. In recent years, there is an increased interest in including fluorescence in physically-based rendering. Fluorescence behavior is properly represented as a re-radiation matrix: for a given input wavelength, this matrix indicates how much energy is re-emitted at all other wavelengths. However, such a 2D representation has a significant memory footprint, especially when a scene con- tains a high number of fluorescent objects or fluorescent textures. This thesis proposes using Gaussian Mixture Domain to model re-radiation, which allows us to significantly reduce the memory footprint. Instead of storing the full matrix, we work with a set of Gaussian parameters that also allow direct importance sampling. When accuracy is a concern, one can still use the re-radiation matrix data and just benefit from impor- tance sampling provided by the Gaussian Mixture. Our method is useful when numerous fluorescent materials are present in a scene, particularly for textures with fluorescent components. 1

This thesis investigates surface coatings as xenon diffusion barriers on plastic scintillators. The motivation for the work is improved radioxenon detection systems, used within the verification regime of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). One type of radioxenon detection systems used in this context is the Swedish SAUNA system. This system uses a cylindrical plastic scintillator cell to measure the beta decay from radioxenon isotopes. The detector cell also acts as a container for the xenon sample during the measurement. One problem with this setup is that part of the xenon sample diffuses into the plastic scintillator material during the measurement, resulting in residual activity left in the detector during subsequent measurements. This residual activity is here referred to as the memory effect. It is here proposed, and demonstrated, that it is possible to coat the plastic scintillator material with a transparent oxide coating, working as a xenon diffusion barrier. It is found that a 425 nm Al2O3 coating, deposited with Atomic Layer Deposition, reduces the memory effect by a factor of 1000, compared an uncoated detector. Furthermore, simulations show that the coating might also improve the light collection in the detector. Finally, the energy resolution of a coated detector is studied, and no degradation is observed. The focus of the thesis is measurements of the diffusion barrier properties of Al2O3 films of different thicknesses deposited on plastic scintillators, as well as an evaluation of the expected effect of a coating on the energy resolution of the detector. The latter is studied through light transport simulations. As a final step, a complete coated plastic scintillator cell is evaluated in terms of memory effect, efficiency and energy resolution. In addition, the xenon diffusion process in the plastic material is studied, and molecular dynamics simulations of the Xe-Al2O3 system are performed in order to investigate the reason for the need for a rather thick coating to significantly reduce the memory effect.

Title: Adjoint-Driven Importance Sampling in Light Transport Simulation Author: RNDr. Jiří Vorba Department: Department of Software and Computer Science Education Supervisor: doc. Ing. Jaroslav Křivánek, Ph.D., Department of Software and Computer Science Education Abstract: Monte Carlo light transport simulation has recently been adopted by the movie industry as a standard tool for producing photo realistic imagery. As the industry pushes current technologies to the very edge of their possibilities, the unprecedented complexity of rendered scenes has underlined a fundamental weakness of MC light transport simulation: slow convergence in the presence of indirect illumination. The culprit of this poor behaviour is that the sam- pling schemes used in the state-of-the-art MC transport algorithms usually do not adapt to the conditions of rendered scenes. We base our work on the ob- servation that the vast amount of samples needed by these algorithms forms an abundant source of information that can be used to derive superior sampling strategies, tailored for a given scene. In the first part of this thesis, we adapt general machine learning techniques to train directional distributions for biasing scattering directions of camera paths towards incident illumination (radiance). Our approach allows progressive...

Light transport simulation is used in realistic image synthesis to create physically plausible images of virtual scenes. Important components of the scenes are participating media (e.g. air, water, skin etc.). Efficient computation of light transport in participating media robust to their large diversity is still an open problem. We implemented the UPBP algorithm recently developed by Křivánek et al. It addresses the problem by combining several complementary previous methods using multiple importance sampling, and excels at rendering scenes where the previous methods alone fail. The implementation is available online, we focused on its thorough description to facilitate and support further research in this field. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Monte Carlo light transport simulation has become a de-facto standard tool for photorealistic rendering. However, the algorithms used by the current rendering systems are often ineffective, especially in scenes featuring light transport due to multiple highly glossy or specular interactions and complex visibility between the camera and light sources. It is therefore desirable to adopt more robust algorithms in practice. Light transport algorithms based on Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) are known to be effective at sampling many different kinds of light transport paths even in the presence of complex visibility. However, the current MCMC algorithms often over-sample some of the paths while under-sampling or completely missing other paths. We attribute this behavior to insufficient global exploration of path space which leads to their unpredictable convergence and causes the occurrence of image artifacts. This in turn prohibits adoption of MCMC algorithms in practice. In this thesis we therefore focus on improving global exploration in MCMC algorithms for light transport simulation. First, we present a new MCMC algorithm that utilizes replica exchange to improve global exploration. To maximize efficiency of replica exchange we introduce tempering of the path space, which allows easier discovery of important...

Le sujet porte essentiellement sur la caractérisation du PolyEthylène Haute Densité (PEHD) à l'échelle de la microstructure au cours de sollicitations mécaniques. Une première partie présente une stratégie de modélisation du comportement du polymère qui se veut à la fois représentative des observations mécaniques macroscopiques et surtout adaptée à une métrologie fine de ses paramètres constitutifs. L'accent se porte ensuite sur des techniques d'investigation à la mésoéchelle (ordre du micromètre) par technique in-situ de transport de lumière incohérente polarisée (IPSLT) et par microtomographie X réalisée sous rayonnement synchrotron. L'objectif est de comprendre les phénomènes qui interviennent à toutes ces échelles pendant les phases successives de transformation de la matière, qui passe d'un état homogène quasi-isotrope constitué de deux phases, cristalline et amorphe, vers une mésostructure dite fibrillaire, fortement anisotrope. Entre autres constats majeurs, nous montrons que le polymère semi-cristallin étudié ne présente pas de phénomène de cavitation et que contrairement à la majorité des résultats publiés dans la littérature, le blanchiment observé ne peut donc pas lui être attribué. Ce résultat montre que les processus de déformation mécanique mis en jeu dans l'élasto-visco-plasticité avec durcissement hyperélastique, peuvent tout à fait se concevoir sans mécanismes prépondérants de création de porosité. Il ouvre donc la voie à de nouveaux scénarios pour expliquer les évolutions de microstructure observées en lien avec la déformation / This thesis mainly concerns the characterization of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) at the microscopic scale when mechanically solicited. A first part presents a modeling strategy of the polymer behavior that is representative of the observations at the macroscopic scale and adapted to a good metrology of its constitutive parameters. Then, this work focus on investigation techniques that probe the mesoscopic scale (micrometer scale) through a technique (in-situ) based on the transport of incoherent and polarized light (IPSLT) ; and synchrotron X-ray microtomography. The aim is to understand the phenomena that take place at this scale during the successive phases of matter transformation (which switch from a homogeneous biphasic quasi-isotropic state to a very anisotropic fibrillar mesostructure). We show that this polymer does not exhibit any cavitation phenomena and that contrary to most of the results published in the literature, whitening which can be observed macroscopically is not due to the presence of cavities. This result suggests that the mechanical deformation processes put at stake in elastoviscoplasticity with hyperelastic hardening can take place without paramount porosity mechanisms and paves the way for new scenarios that could explain the microstructure evolution as function of strain

This work deals with design and implementation of simple demonstration aplication for simulation of a water flow on irregular terrain. The work examines essential building blocks of the simulation. It also suggests approaches that can be used to optimize and/or extend used method.

Photorealistic rendering has a wide variety of applications, and so there are many rendering algorithms and their variations tailored for specific use cases. Even though practically all of them do physically-based simulations of light transport, their results on the same scene are often different - sometimes because of the nature of a given algorithm or in a worse case because of bugs in their implementation. It is difficult to compare these algorithms, especially across different rendering frameworks, because there is not any standardized testing software or dataset available. Therefore, the only way to get an unbiased comparison of algorithms is to create and use your dataset or reimplement the algorithms in one rendering framework of choice, but both solutions can be difficult and time-consuming. We address these problems with our test suite based on a rigorously defined methodology of evaluation of light transport algorithms. We present a scripting framework for automated testing and fast comparison of rendering results and provide a documented set of non-volumetric test scenes for most popular research-oriented render- ing frameworks. Our test suite is easily extensible to support additional renderers and scenes. 1

En la actualidad, el internet ha cambiado las actividades de las personas y de las empresas. Estas últimas se han adecuado a nuevas tecnologías para satisfacer la demanda y expectativas de sus clientes además de innovar en procesos para reducir costos y aumentar los beneficios. Por ello, han optado por implementar aplicativos móviles a sus negocios como medio de generar información en tiempo real y simplificar procesos. Por otro lado, la tecnología ha dado pie a nuevos modelos de negocios basado en el emprendimiento de las personas, las cuales han ido creciendo aceleradamente. Estos modelos de negocio tienen como base la tercerización de procesos para reducir costos de personal, de producción y logístico. A inicios del 2020, apareció el COVID-19 un virus que mantuvo en confinamiento a las personas lo cual provocó que pequeñas y medianas empresas cerrarán y/o reinventarán sus modelos de negocio de acuerdo con las nuevas necesidades del mercado. Por ello, nace nuestro proyecto de negocio Super Delivery Express Service, el cual, busca ofrecer el servicio de delivery/courier a personas naturales, pequeñas y medianas empresas del NSE A de Lima Metropolitana a través de un aplicativo móvil y las encargadas de realizar los servicios serán mujeres que cuenten con movilidad propia con ello generan una fuente de ingreso para su hogar. Los resultados obtenidos de nuestra investigación muestran que es viable implementar el negocio y más adelante se puede escalar a nuevos nichos de acuerdo con la demanda del mercado. / Today, the internet has changed the activities of people and companies. The latter have adapted to new technologies to meet the demand and expectations of their customers, as well as innovating processes to reduce costs and increase profits. For this reason, they have chosen to implement mobile applications to their businesses as a means of generating information in real time and simplifying processes. On the other hand, technology has given rise to new business models based on people's entrepreneurship, which have been growing rapidly. These business models are based on outsourcing processes to reduce personnel, production and logistics costs. At the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 appeared, a virus that kept people confined, which caused small and medium-sized companies to close and / or reinvent their business models in accordance with the new market needs. For this reason, our business project Super Delivery Express Service was born, which seeks to offer the delivery / courier service to individuals, small and medium-sized companies of the A SEL of Metropolitan Lima through a mobile application and those in charge of carrying out the services will be women who have their own mobility, thereby generating a source of income for their home. / Trabajo de investigación

En synthèse d'images réalistes, l'intensité finale d'un pixel est calculée en estimant une intégrale de rendu multi-dimensionnelle. Une large portion de la recherche menée dans ce domaine cherche à trouver de nouvelles techniques afin de réduire le coût de calcul du rendu tout en préservant la fidelité et l'exactitude des images résultantes. En tentant de réduire les coûts de calcul afin d'approcher le rendu en temps réel, certains effets réalistes complexes sont souvent laissés de côté ou remplacés par des astuces ingénieuses mais mathématiquement incorrectes. Afin d'accélerer le rendu, plusieurs avenues de travail ont soit adressé directement le calcul de pixels individuels en améliorant les routines d'intégration numérique sous-jacentes; ou ont cherché à amortir le coût par région d'image en utilisant des méthodes adaptatives basées sur des modèles prédictifs du transport de la lumière. L'objectif de ce mémoire, et de l'article résultant, est de se baser sur une méthode de ce dernier type[Durand2005], et de faire progresser la recherche dans le domaine du rendu réaliste adaptatif rapide utilisant une analyse du transport de la lumière basée sur la théorie de Fourier afin de guider et prioriser le lancer de rayons. Nous proposons une approche d'échantillonnage et de reconstruction adaptative pour le rendu de scènes animées illuminées par cartes d'environnement, permettant la reconstruction d'effets tels que les ombres et les réflexions de tous les niveaux fréquentiels, tout en préservant la cohérence temporelle. / In realistic image synthesis, a pixel's final intensity is computed by estimating a multi-dimensional shading integral. A large part of the research in this domain is thus aimed at finding new techniques to reduce the computational cost of rendering while preserving the fidelity and correctness of the resulting images. When trying to reduce rendering costs to approach real-time computation, complex realistic effects are often left aside or replaced by clever but mathematically incorrect tricks. To accelerate rendering, previous directions of work have either addressed the computation of individual pixels by improving the underlying numerical integration routines; or have sought to amortize the computation across regions of an image using adaptive methods based on predictive models of light transport. This thesis' - and resulting paper's - objective is to build upon the latter of the aforementioned classes of methods[Durand2005], and foray into fast adaptive rendering techniques using frequency-based light transport analysis to efficiently guide and prioritize ray tracing. We thus propose an adaptive sampling and reconstruction approach to render animated scenes lit by environment lighting and faithfully reconstruct all-frequency shading effects such as shadows and reflections while preserving temporal coherency.