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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Effect of CdCl&esc;b2&esc;s treatment on CdTe and CdS solar cell characteristics after exposure to light for 1000 hours [electronic resource] / by Ashok Rangaswamy.

Rangaswamy, Ashok. January 2003 (has links)
Title from PDF of title page. / Document formatted into pages; contains 71 pages. / Thesis (M.S.E.E.)--University of South Florida, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. / Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format. / ABSTRACT: The CdTe solar cell is a leading candidate for cost-effective thin-film solar cells having demonstrated small area cell effciencies of 16.4%. A Key issue associated with CdTe thin film photovoltaic modules is the analysis of degradation behavior of the device. The analysis is complicated as changes due to degradation may be reversible. Solar cell measurement techniques were used to understand the changes in device parameters after light soaking for 1000 hours. An automated measurement setup was implemented as part of this thesis work. The main objective of this thesis was to study the effect of CdCl&esc;b2&esc;s heat treatment on the device stability. The temperature for this heat treatment was varied from 360oC to 400oC. Cells were stressed under illumination at both short circuit and open circuit conditions. It was found that the increase CdCl&esc;b2&esc;s heat treatment temperature slowed down the degradation rate.This was true for both short and open circuit stress conditions. Also short circuit stress condition slowed down the degradation of the device when compared with the open circuit condition. It became evident that the recombination current mainly got affected when the device was said to be degraded. / System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.
2

Desenvolvimento de metodologia e bancada para ensaio de exposição solar prolongada de módulos fotovoltaicos de filmes finos

Piccoli Junior, Luiz Antonio January 2015 (has links)
A geração de energia fotovoltaica continua em crescimento e por isso estudos relacionados à aplicação de diferentes tecnologias fotovoltaicas se tornam muito importantes. A tecnologia de células fotovoltaicas de silício cristalino representa a maior parte da aplicação de energia solar fotovoltaica atualmente. Os módulos com tecnologias de filmes finos foram apresentados ao mercado como uma nova geração de módulos e atualmente são referenciados como módulos fotovoltaicos de segunda geração. As tecnologias de filmes finos possuem algumas vantagens em relação ao silício cristalino, como por exemplo: menor quantidade de material, menor custo de produção e possibilidade de se produzir células e módulos flexíveis, embora em geral apresentem eficiências menores. Existem tecnologias de filmes finos aplicadas à geração fotovoltaica que apresentam instabilidade quando expostas à radiação solar, variando a potência gerada do módulo nas primeiras horas de exposição. Esses efeitos motivaram a padronização de um ensaio de exposição solar, do inglês light-soaking, que atualmente é previsto por uma norma internacional de qualificação de módulos fotovoltaicos (IEC 61646). Neste trabalho, desenvolveu-se uma metodologia para realizar o ensaio lightsoaking e construiu-se uma bancada de testes para obter resultados experimentais a partir de módulos expostos na cobertura do prédio anexo do LABSOL. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise de área livre de sombra disponível, bem como montada a estrutura metálica de sustentação para os módulos. Também foram instaladas resistências elétricas para dissipação de potência dos módulos e montado painel elétrico dentro do prédio centralizando as conexões necessárias. O experimento também contou com o desenvolvimento de um programa em linguagem Visual Basic® para interagir com os instrumentos de medição e realizar o monitoramento do ensaio. Neste trabalho foram ensaiados quatro módulos com diferentes tecnologias de filmes finos, as quais: silício amorfo com tripla junção, silício amorfo com uma junção, CIGS (Disseleneto de Cobre, Índio e Gálio) e por último dupla junção de silício amorfo com silício microcristalino. O experimento foi conduzido por 55 dias, sendo que a cada minuto o programa registrou dados de irradiância, irradiação acumulada e temperatura dos módulos. Ao final do experimento, os módulos receberam no total 347 kWh/m2 de irradiação e, durante o ensaio, foram realizadas ao todo 8 medições de curva característica corrente versus tensão para verificar o desempenho dos módulos. Antes e após a exposição, também foram realizadas medições em um simulador solar a fim de se obter medidas em condições controladas de temperatura e irradiância. Ao aplicar o critério de estabilização previsto na norma IEC 61646, verificou-se que todos os módulos o atenderam. Contudo, os módulos com tecnologia de uma junção de silício amorfo e com tecnologia de tripla junção de silício amorfo voltaram a apresentar degradação acima do máximo estabelecido pela norma IEC 61646 após continuarem expostos à radiação solar. Sendo assim, pode ser necessário alterar o critério para um maior valor de irradiação acumulada entre cada avaliação de degradação destes módulos, principalmente quando o ensaio é realizado com temperatura externa elevada. A metodologia mostrou que esse ensaio pode ser realizado em ambiente externo com luz natural de maneira prática e econômica, porém realizar as medições de curva característica com luz natural e temperatura não controlada implica em adicionar algumas incertezas ao ensaio. / The photovoltaic (PV) power generation continues to grow and so studies related to the application of different photovoltaic technologies become very important. The crystalline silicon solar cells technology is the most current application of PV power generation. The photovoltaic modules with thin film technologies were presented to the market as a new generation of modules and are currently referred to as second generation PV modules. The thin film technologies have some advantages compared to crystalline silicon, for example, less material, lower cost of production and ability to produce flexible cells and modules, although generally have lower efficiencies. There are thin film technologies for photovoltaic conversion that show instability when exposed to the sun, varying the power generated in the early hours of sun exposure. These effects led to the standardization of a sun exposure test, the light-soaking test, which is currently standardized by an international standard of qualification of photovoltaic modules (IEC 61646). In this study, we developed a methodology to perform the light-soaking test and built a workbench to obtain experimental results from PV modules set out in the LABSOL building. For this purpose, a shadow analysis was performed as well as the metal structure mounted to support the photovoltaic modules. Resistive loads were also installed in order to dissipate the power of the modules. An electrical panel was mounted inside the building to centralize the necessary connections. The workbench also included the development of a program in Visual Basic® to interact with the measuring instruments and carry out the monitoring of the experiment. In this work we tested four modules with different thin film technologies, including: triple junction amorphous silicon, single junction amorphous silicon, CIGS (Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide) and tandem junction of amorphous silicon and microcrystalline silicon. The experiment was conducted over 55 days, and every minute the program recorded irradiance data, accumulated irradiation and module temperature. At the end of the experiment, the modules received 347 kWh/m2 of irradiation. During the test, there were a total of 8 characteristic curve (I x V) measurements to verify the performance of the modules. Before and after exposure, were also performed measurements in a solar simulator. By applying the stabilization criteria presented in IEC 61646 it was found that all the modules have been considered stabilized. However, after being exposed to more hours of sunlight, the single junction amorphous silicon module and the triple junction amorphous silicon module presented degradation above the maximum established by IEC 61646 standard. Thus, it may be necessary to change the criteria for a higher value of accumulated irradiation between assessments of degradation of these modules, especially when the test is performed with high external temperature. The methodology showed that this test may be performed outdoors under natural light in a practical and economical way, but the characteristic curve measurements with natural light and uncontrolled temperature add some uncertainty to the test.
3

Desenvolvimento de metodologia e bancada para ensaio de exposição solar prolongada de módulos fotovoltaicos de filmes finos

Piccoli Junior, Luiz Antonio January 2015 (has links)
A geração de energia fotovoltaica continua em crescimento e por isso estudos relacionados à aplicação de diferentes tecnologias fotovoltaicas se tornam muito importantes. A tecnologia de células fotovoltaicas de silício cristalino representa a maior parte da aplicação de energia solar fotovoltaica atualmente. Os módulos com tecnologias de filmes finos foram apresentados ao mercado como uma nova geração de módulos e atualmente são referenciados como módulos fotovoltaicos de segunda geração. As tecnologias de filmes finos possuem algumas vantagens em relação ao silício cristalino, como por exemplo: menor quantidade de material, menor custo de produção e possibilidade de se produzir células e módulos flexíveis, embora em geral apresentem eficiências menores. Existem tecnologias de filmes finos aplicadas à geração fotovoltaica que apresentam instabilidade quando expostas à radiação solar, variando a potência gerada do módulo nas primeiras horas de exposição. Esses efeitos motivaram a padronização de um ensaio de exposição solar, do inglês light-soaking, que atualmente é previsto por uma norma internacional de qualificação de módulos fotovoltaicos (IEC 61646). Neste trabalho, desenvolveu-se uma metodologia para realizar o ensaio lightsoaking e construiu-se uma bancada de testes para obter resultados experimentais a partir de módulos expostos na cobertura do prédio anexo do LABSOL. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise de área livre de sombra disponível, bem como montada a estrutura metálica de sustentação para os módulos. Também foram instaladas resistências elétricas para dissipação de potência dos módulos e montado painel elétrico dentro do prédio centralizando as conexões necessárias. O experimento também contou com o desenvolvimento de um programa em linguagem Visual Basic® para interagir com os instrumentos de medição e realizar o monitoramento do ensaio. Neste trabalho foram ensaiados quatro módulos com diferentes tecnologias de filmes finos, as quais: silício amorfo com tripla junção, silício amorfo com uma junção, CIGS (Disseleneto de Cobre, Índio e Gálio) e por último dupla junção de silício amorfo com silício microcristalino. O experimento foi conduzido por 55 dias, sendo que a cada minuto o programa registrou dados de irradiância, irradiação acumulada e temperatura dos módulos. Ao final do experimento, os módulos receberam no total 347 kWh/m2 de irradiação e, durante o ensaio, foram realizadas ao todo 8 medições de curva característica corrente versus tensão para verificar o desempenho dos módulos. Antes e após a exposição, também foram realizadas medições em um simulador solar a fim de se obter medidas em condições controladas de temperatura e irradiância. Ao aplicar o critério de estabilização previsto na norma IEC 61646, verificou-se que todos os módulos o atenderam. Contudo, os módulos com tecnologia de uma junção de silício amorfo e com tecnologia de tripla junção de silício amorfo voltaram a apresentar degradação acima do máximo estabelecido pela norma IEC 61646 após continuarem expostos à radiação solar. Sendo assim, pode ser necessário alterar o critério para um maior valor de irradiação acumulada entre cada avaliação de degradação destes módulos, principalmente quando o ensaio é realizado com temperatura externa elevada. A metodologia mostrou que esse ensaio pode ser realizado em ambiente externo com luz natural de maneira prática e econômica, porém realizar as medições de curva característica com luz natural e temperatura não controlada implica em adicionar algumas incertezas ao ensaio. / The photovoltaic (PV) power generation continues to grow and so studies related to the application of different photovoltaic technologies become very important. The crystalline silicon solar cells technology is the most current application of PV power generation. The photovoltaic modules with thin film technologies were presented to the market as a new generation of modules and are currently referred to as second generation PV modules. The thin film technologies have some advantages compared to crystalline silicon, for example, less material, lower cost of production and ability to produce flexible cells and modules, although generally have lower efficiencies. There are thin film technologies for photovoltaic conversion that show instability when exposed to the sun, varying the power generated in the early hours of sun exposure. These effects led to the standardization of a sun exposure test, the light-soaking test, which is currently standardized by an international standard of qualification of photovoltaic modules (IEC 61646). In this study, we developed a methodology to perform the light-soaking test and built a workbench to obtain experimental results from PV modules set out in the LABSOL building. For this purpose, a shadow analysis was performed as well as the metal structure mounted to support the photovoltaic modules. Resistive loads were also installed in order to dissipate the power of the modules. An electrical panel was mounted inside the building to centralize the necessary connections. The workbench also included the development of a program in Visual Basic® to interact with the measuring instruments and carry out the monitoring of the experiment. In this work we tested four modules with different thin film technologies, including: triple junction amorphous silicon, single junction amorphous silicon, CIGS (Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide) and tandem junction of amorphous silicon and microcrystalline silicon. The experiment was conducted over 55 days, and every minute the program recorded irradiance data, accumulated irradiation and module temperature. At the end of the experiment, the modules received 347 kWh/m2 of irradiation. During the test, there were a total of 8 characteristic curve (I x V) measurements to verify the performance of the modules. Before and after exposure, were also performed measurements in a solar simulator. By applying the stabilization criteria presented in IEC 61646 it was found that all the modules have been considered stabilized. However, after being exposed to more hours of sunlight, the single junction amorphous silicon module and the triple junction amorphous silicon module presented degradation above the maximum established by IEC 61646 standard. Thus, it may be necessary to change the criteria for a higher value of accumulated irradiation between assessments of degradation of these modules, especially when the test is performed with high external temperature. The methodology showed that this test may be performed outdoors under natural light in a practical and economical way, but the characteristic curve measurements with natural light and uncontrolled temperature add some uncertainty to the test.
4

Desenvolvimento de metodologia e bancada para ensaio de exposição solar prolongada de módulos fotovoltaicos de filmes finos

Piccoli Junior, Luiz Antonio January 2015 (has links)
A geração de energia fotovoltaica continua em crescimento e por isso estudos relacionados à aplicação de diferentes tecnologias fotovoltaicas se tornam muito importantes. A tecnologia de células fotovoltaicas de silício cristalino representa a maior parte da aplicação de energia solar fotovoltaica atualmente. Os módulos com tecnologias de filmes finos foram apresentados ao mercado como uma nova geração de módulos e atualmente são referenciados como módulos fotovoltaicos de segunda geração. As tecnologias de filmes finos possuem algumas vantagens em relação ao silício cristalino, como por exemplo: menor quantidade de material, menor custo de produção e possibilidade de se produzir células e módulos flexíveis, embora em geral apresentem eficiências menores. Existem tecnologias de filmes finos aplicadas à geração fotovoltaica que apresentam instabilidade quando expostas à radiação solar, variando a potência gerada do módulo nas primeiras horas de exposição. Esses efeitos motivaram a padronização de um ensaio de exposição solar, do inglês light-soaking, que atualmente é previsto por uma norma internacional de qualificação de módulos fotovoltaicos (IEC 61646). Neste trabalho, desenvolveu-se uma metodologia para realizar o ensaio lightsoaking e construiu-se uma bancada de testes para obter resultados experimentais a partir de módulos expostos na cobertura do prédio anexo do LABSOL. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise de área livre de sombra disponível, bem como montada a estrutura metálica de sustentação para os módulos. Também foram instaladas resistências elétricas para dissipação de potência dos módulos e montado painel elétrico dentro do prédio centralizando as conexões necessárias. O experimento também contou com o desenvolvimento de um programa em linguagem Visual Basic® para interagir com os instrumentos de medição e realizar o monitoramento do ensaio. Neste trabalho foram ensaiados quatro módulos com diferentes tecnologias de filmes finos, as quais: silício amorfo com tripla junção, silício amorfo com uma junção, CIGS (Disseleneto de Cobre, Índio e Gálio) e por último dupla junção de silício amorfo com silício microcristalino. O experimento foi conduzido por 55 dias, sendo que a cada minuto o programa registrou dados de irradiância, irradiação acumulada e temperatura dos módulos. Ao final do experimento, os módulos receberam no total 347 kWh/m2 de irradiação e, durante o ensaio, foram realizadas ao todo 8 medições de curva característica corrente versus tensão para verificar o desempenho dos módulos. Antes e após a exposição, também foram realizadas medições em um simulador solar a fim de se obter medidas em condições controladas de temperatura e irradiância. Ao aplicar o critério de estabilização previsto na norma IEC 61646, verificou-se que todos os módulos o atenderam. Contudo, os módulos com tecnologia de uma junção de silício amorfo e com tecnologia de tripla junção de silício amorfo voltaram a apresentar degradação acima do máximo estabelecido pela norma IEC 61646 após continuarem expostos à radiação solar. Sendo assim, pode ser necessário alterar o critério para um maior valor de irradiação acumulada entre cada avaliação de degradação destes módulos, principalmente quando o ensaio é realizado com temperatura externa elevada. A metodologia mostrou que esse ensaio pode ser realizado em ambiente externo com luz natural de maneira prática e econômica, porém realizar as medições de curva característica com luz natural e temperatura não controlada implica em adicionar algumas incertezas ao ensaio. / The photovoltaic (PV) power generation continues to grow and so studies related to the application of different photovoltaic technologies become very important. The crystalline silicon solar cells technology is the most current application of PV power generation. The photovoltaic modules with thin film technologies were presented to the market as a new generation of modules and are currently referred to as second generation PV modules. The thin film technologies have some advantages compared to crystalline silicon, for example, less material, lower cost of production and ability to produce flexible cells and modules, although generally have lower efficiencies. There are thin film technologies for photovoltaic conversion that show instability when exposed to the sun, varying the power generated in the early hours of sun exposure. These effects led to the standardization of a sun exposure test, the light-soaking test, which is currently standardized by an international standard of qualification of photovoltaic modules (IEC 61646). In this study, we developed a methodology to perform the light-soaking test and built a workbench to obtain experimental results from PV modules set out in the LABSOL building. For this purpose, a shadow analysis was performed as well as the metal structure mounted to support the photovoltaic modules. Resistive loads were also installed in order to dissipate the power of the modules. An electrical panel was mounted inside the building to centralize the necessary connections. The workbench also included the development of a program in Visual Basic® to interact with the measuring instruments and carry out the monitoring of the experiment. In this work we tested four modules with different thin film technologies, including: triple junction amorphous silicon, single junction amorphous silicon, CIGS (Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide) and tandem junction of amorphous silicon and microcrystalline silicon. The experiment was conducted over 55 days, and every minute the program recorded irradiance data, accumulated irradiation and module temperature. At the end of the experiment, the modules received 347 kWh/m2 of irradiation. During the test, there were a total of 8 characteristic curve (I x V) measurements to verify the performance of the modules. Before and after exposure, were also performed measurements in a solar simulator. By applying the stabilization criteria presented in IEC 61646 it was found that all the modules have been considered stabilized. However, after being exposed to more hours of sunlight, the single junction amorphous silicon module and the triple junction amorphous silicon module presented degradation above the maximum established by IEC 61646 standard. Thus, it may be necessary to change the criteria for a higher value of accumulated irradiation between assessments of degradation of these modules, especially when the test is performed with high external temperature. The methodology showed that this test may be performed outdoors under natural light in a practical and economical way, but the characteristic curve measurements with natural light and uncontrolled temperature add some uncertainty to the test.
5

Effect of <em>CdCl<sub>2</sub></em> Treatment on CdTe and CdS Solar Cell Characteristics after Exposure to Light for 1000 Hours

Rangaswamy, Ashok 11 July 2003 (has links)
The CdTe solar cell is a leading candidate for cost-effective thin-film solar cells having demonstrated small area cell effciencies of 16.4%. A Key issue associated with CdTe thin film photovoltaic modules is the analysis of degradation behavior of the device. The analysis is complicated as changes due to degradation may be reversible. Solar cell measurement techniques were used to understand the changes in device parameters after light soaking for 1000 hours. An automated measurement setup was implemented as part of this thesis work. The main objective of this thesis was to study the effect of CdCl2 heat treatment on the device stability. The temperature for this heat treatment was varied from 360oC to 400oC. Cells were stressed under illumination at both short circuit and open circuit conditions. It was found that the increase CdCl2 heat treatment temperature slowed down the degradation rate.This was true for both short and open circuit stress conditions. Also short circuit stress condition slowed down the degradation of the device when compared with the open circuit condition. It became evident that the recombination current mainly got affected when the device was said to be degraded.
6

Stability studies of cdte solar cells with varying amounts of cu in the back contact

Erra, Swetha 01 June 2005 (has links)
Solar energy is one of the abundant, non-polluting renewable energy options in our planet. During the last three decades considerable progress has been achieved in developing technologies to produce electricity from solar radiation, but producing electricity with low cost and low pollution is of concern. The CdTe solar cells are the leading source for the production of cost effective solar cells. The main issue of concern in these CdTe solar cells is degradation observed when stressed at elevated temperatures. The degradation in CdTe solar cells can be attributed to the back contact, which often contains Cu to improve the electronic properties of CdTe (absorber layer) and to enable a quasi ohmic back contact.The main objective of this thesis was to study effect of amount of Cu in the back contact and contact annealing temperature on device stability.
7

Stability Issues in Sputtered CdS/CdTe Solar Cells

Paudel, Naba Raj January 2011 (has links)
No description available.
8

Testovací parametry a podmínky amorfních fotovoltaickách panelů / Test parameters and conditions of amorphous photovoltaic modules

Kostelník, Adam January 2014 (has links)
This master’s thesis deals with the problem of thin film solar cells, their parameters and measuring. The introductory chapter describes the properties of individual thin-film technology, summarizes their advantages against the crystalline silicon cell. Another chapter is exclusively focused on thin-film cells based on amorphous silicon. There is described the manufacturing processes of amorphous cells and modifications performed during the manufacturing. One part of master’s thesis is dedicated to the description of basic electrical quantities and PV cell degradation mechanisms that negatively affect these electrical properties. It is explained in detail the most important degradation phenomenon called Steabler - Wronski effect. The master’s thesis describes standards regarding testing amorphous cells as well as method, how to achieve their performance stability. The practical part is focused on the testing of several single-layer amorphous cells that were exposed to degradation and regeneration effects. One part of the thesis is studying of a new method of testing of amorphous cell, where is necessary to determine whether it is the degradation or regeneration process. Measured values obtained from several types of measurements were compared, evaluated and displayed in the graphs. The recommendation for future testing of amorphous article is stated in the final chapter.
9

Materials Engineering and Control for Advancing High-Efficiency CdSe/CdTe Solar Cells

Jamarkattel, Manoj K. 15 June 2023 (has links)
No description available.
10

Modelling Band Gap Gradients and Cd-free Buffer Layers in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells

Pettersson, Jonas January 2012 (has links)
A deeper understanding of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells is important for the further improvement of these devices. This thesis is focused on the use of electrical modelling as a tool for pursuing this aim. Finished devices and individual layers are characterized and the acquired data are used as input in the simulations. Band gap gradients are accounted for when modelling the devices. The thesis is divided into two main parts. One part that treats the influence of cadmium free buffer layers, mainly atomic layer deposited (Zn,Mg)O, on devices and another part in which the result of CIGS absorber layer modifications is studied. Recombination analysis indicates that interface recombination is limitting the open circuit voltage (Voc) in cells with ZnO buffer layers. This recombination path becomes less important when magnesium is introduced into the ZnO giving a positive conduction band offset (CBO) towards the CIGS absorber layer. Light induced persistent photoconductivity (PPC) is demonstrated in (Zn,Mg)O thin films. Device modelling shows that the measured PPC, coupled with a high density of acceptors in the buffer-absorber interface region, can explain light induced metastable efficiency improvement in CIGS solar cells with (Zn,Mg)O buffer layers. It is shown that a thin indium rich layer closest to the buffer does not give any significant impact on the performance of devices dominated by recombination in the CIGS layer. In our cells with CdS buffer the diffusion length in the CIGS layer is the main limitting factor. A thinner CIGS layer improves Voc by reducing recombination. However, for thin enough absorber layers Voc deteriorates due to recombination at the back contact. Interface recombination is a problem in thin devices with Zn(O,S) buffer layers. This recombination path is overshadowed in cells of standard thickness by recombination in the CIGS bulk. Thin cells with Zn(O,S) buffer layers have a higher efficiency than CdS cells with the same absorber thickness.

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