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Recognition Of Complex Events In Open-source Web-scale Videos: Features, Intermediate Representations And Their Temporal InteractionsBhattacharya, Subhabrata 01 January 2013 (has links)
Recognition of complex events in consumer uploaded Internet videos, captured under realworld settings, has emerged as a challenging area of research across both computer vision and multimedia community. In this dissertation, we present a systematic decomposition of complex events into hierarchical components and make an in-depth analysis of how existing research are being used to cater to various levels of this hierarchy and identify three key stages where we make novel contributions, keeping complex events in focus. These are listed as follows: (a) Extraction of novel semi-global features – firstly, we introduce a Lie-algebra based representation of dominant camera motion present while capturing videos and show how this can be used as a complementary feature for video analysis. Secondly, we propose compact clip level descriptors of a video based on covariance of appearance and motion features which we further use in a sparse coding framework to recognize realistic actions and gestures. (b) Construction of intermediate representations – We propose an efficient probabilistic representation from low-level features computed from videos, based on Maximum Likelihood Estimates which demonstrates state of the art performance in large scale visual concept detection, and finally, (c) Modeling temporal interactions between intermediate concepts – Using block Hankel matrices and harmonic analysis of slowly evolving Linear Dynamical Systems, we propose two new discriminative feature spaces for complex event recognition and demonstrate significantly improved recognition rates over previously proposed approaches.
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Ondes localisées dans des systèmes mécaniques discrets excitables / Localized waves in discrete excitable mechanical systemsMorales Morales, Jose Eduardo 29 November 2016 (has links)
Cette thèse étudie des ondes localisées pour certaines classes d'équations différentielles non linéaires décrivant des systèmes mécaniques excitables. Ces systèmes correspondent à une chaîne infinie de blocs reliés par des ressorts et qui glissent sur un surface en présence d'une force de frottement non linéaire dépendant de la vitesse. Nous analysons à la fois le modèle de Burridge-Knopoff (avec des blocs attachés à des ressorts tirés à une vitesse constante) et une chaîne de blocs libres glissant sur un plan incliné sous l'effet de la gravité. Pour une classe de fonctions de frottement non-monotones, ces deux systèmes présentent une réponse de grande amplitude à des perturbations au-dessus d'un certain seuil, ce qui constitue l'une des principales propriétés des systèmes excitables. Cette réponse provoque la propagation d'ondes solitaires ou des fronts, en fonction du modèle et des paramètres. Nous étudions ces ondes localisées numériquement et théoriquement pour une grande gamme de lois de frottement et des régimes de paramètres, ce qui conduit à l'analyse d'équations différentielles non linéaires avec avance et retard. Les phénomènes d'extinction de propagation et d'apparition d'oscillations sont également étudiés pour les ondes progressives. L'introduction d'une fonction de frottement linéaire par morceaux permet de construire explicitement des ondes localisées sous la forme d'intégrales oscillantes et d'analyser certaines de leurs propriétés telles que la forme et la vitesse d'ondes. Une preuve de l'existence d'ondes solitaires est obtenue pour le modèle de Burridge-Knopoff pour un couplage faible. / This thesis analyses localized travelling waves for some classes of nonlinearlattice differential equations describing excitable mechanical systems. Thesesystems correspond to an infinite chain of blocks connected by springs and sliding on a surface in the presence of a nonlinear velocity-dependent friction force. We investigate both the Burridge-Knopoff model (with blocks attached to springs pulled at constant velocity) and a chain of free blocks sliding on an inclined plane under the effect of gravity. For a class of non-monotonic friction functions, both systems display a large response to perturbations above a threshold, one of the main properties of excitable systems. This response induces the propagation of either solitary waves orfronts, depending on the model and parameter regime. We study these localized waves numerically and theoretically for a broad range of friction laws and parameter regimes, which leads to the analysis of nonlinear advance-delay differential equations. Phenomena of propagation failure and oscillations of the travelling wave profile are also investigated. The introduction of a piecewise linear friction function allows one to construct localized waves explicitly in the form of oscillatory integrals and to analyse some of their properties such as shape and wave speed. An existence proof for solitary waves is obtained for the excitable Burridge-Knopoff model in the weak coupling regime.
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