京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医科学) / 甲第23814号 / 医科博第135号 / 新制||医科||9(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医科学専攻 / (主査)教授 村川 泰裕, 教授 松村 由美, 教授 森本 尚樹 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

The mammalian central nervous system is not able to regenerate neurons lost upon injury. In contrast, anamniote vertebrates show a remarkable regenerative capacity and are able to replace damaged cells and restore function. Recent studies have shown that in naturally regenerating vertebrates, such as zebrafish, inflammation is a key processes required for the initiation of regeneration. These findings are in contrast to many studies in mammals, where the central nervous system has long been viewed as an immune-privileged organ with inflammation considered one of the key negative factors causing lack of neuronal regeneration. In this review, we discuss similarities and differences between naturally regenerating vertebrates, and those with very limited to non-existing regenerative capacity. We will introduce neural stem and progenitor cells in different species and explain how they differ in their reaction to acute injury of the central nervous system. Next, we illustrate how different organisms respond to injuries by activation of their immune system. Important immune cell types will be discussed in relation to their effects on neural stem cell behavior. Finally, we will give an overview on key inflammatory mediators secreted upon injury that have been linked to activation of neural stem cells and regeneration. Overall, understanding how species with regenerative potential couple inflammation and successful regeneration will help to identify potential targets to stimulate proliferation of neural stem cells and subsequent neurogenesis in mammals and may provide targets for therapeutic intervention strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.

付記する学位プログラム名: 充実した健康長寿社会を築く総合医療開発リーダー育成プログラム / 京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第23789号 / 医博第4835号 / 新制||医||1057(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 渡邊 直樹, 教授 松田 道行, 教授 寺田 智祐 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM