PART I STUDIES ON HEART MUSCLE LIPASES The study of the role of lipids in supplying the energy requirements of the heart has attracted widespread attention, particularly within the past decade. It is now known that the heart, under normal conditions, oxidizes lipids as its main source of energy. Numerous investigators have studied the in vivo and in vitro uptake and utilization of exogenously supplied lipids in the form of triglycerides, free fatty acids and ketone bodies. However, very few have studied the utilization of endogenous lipids by the working heart. We have examined the relative importance of both endogenous glycogen and triglycerides for supplying the caloric needs of the isolated beating rat heart, and found that under the perfusion conditions used, endogenous glycogen appears to supply the initial source of energy. A lipase in rat cardiac tissue was also examined. The enzyme had a pH optimum near 6.8, and was strongly inhibited by 0.2 M NaF and by 2 x 10⁻⁴M diisopropylfluorophosphate. Most of the activity was found in the nuclear fraction of tissue homogenates. The enzyme hydrolyzed both monoolein and mono-stearin, and possessed much less activity against tripalmitin. The enzyme also rapidly hydrolyzed the monostearin component of Ediolʀ (a commercial coconut oil emulsion widely used in lipase studies), and the implications of these findings are discussed. It was concluded from these studies that a lipase other than lipoprotein lipase exists in rat myocardium. PART II STUDIES ON CYCLIC 3', 5'-NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE In recent years, the study of the role of cyclic 3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic 3', 5'-AMP) in the regulation of several biological reactions and processes has received widespread attention. The presence of a physiological mechanism for terminating the action of cyclic 3', 5'-AMP in biological systems would therefore be expected. Indeed, an enzyme, cyclic 3', 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase has been shown to exist in most mammalian tissues which have been studied for its activity. The central nervous system, particularly the cerebral cortex, possesses a very high activity of this enzyme. In this study, cyclic 3', 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase was partially purified from rabbit brain and its properties were studied. The enzyme required Mg⁺⁺ions for activity and was inhibited by 2 x l0⁻⁴M theophylline. Cyclic 3', 5'-dAMP, cyclic 3', 5'-GMP and cyclic 3', 5'-dGMP were hydrolyzed by the brain diesterase at approximately one-half the rate at which cyclic 3', 5'-AMP was hydrolyzed. Little activity against cyclic 3', 5'-CMP, cyclic 3', 5'-dCMP and cyclic 3', 5'-TMP was detected, although cyclic 3', 5'-UMP was hydrolyzed at approximately 13% of the rate at which cyclic 3', 5'-AMP was hydrolyzed. The brain diesterase therefore possessed a high specificity for cyclic 3', 5'-nucleotides with purine bases. Optimum enzyme activity was observed near pH 7.0, and the activity was stimulated about 1.5-fold by 0.06 M imidazole. The Km value of the enzyme with cyclic 3', 5'-AMP as substrate was approximately 0.8 x 10⁻⁴M. The properties of the partially purified phosphodiesterase from brain were thus very similar to the diesterases which have been purified from beef and dog hearts. A study of the intracellular localization of the brain diesterase indicated that about 50% of the activity was located in the 105,000 x g supernate. The microsomal and mitochondrial fractions also contained considerable amounts of diesterase activity, but little activity was located in the nuclear fraction. A survey of cyclic 3', 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity in several available specimens of the plant kingdom indicated the absence of this enzyme activity in these organisms. However, appreciable levels of diesterase activity were detected in E. coli. / Medicine, Faculty of / Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of / Graduate

The lipid composition of swine is characteristic of the species and is also a reflection of their dietary history. Other investigators have established that the physical properties and composition of swine depot fat may be altered by variation of the dietary lipid. Dietary regimens employing vegetable oil-bearing materials and their effect on meat quality has received the attention of animal nutritionists for a considerable period. Less is known about the nutritive value of the more highly unsaturated lipids, such as fish oils, and their effect on the lipid composition of swine tissues. Even less is known about the fate of oxidized fish oil lipids in swine rations. This research had for its purpose the investigation of the fate in swine of the dietary marine lipid, menhaden oil, and its effect on composition of depot lipids. The state of autoxidation of the oil and the effect of certain antioxidants on the fatty acid composition of swine was determined. Growth studies on swine were made using menhaden oil of various oxidation states as the dietary lipid. The effect of antioxidants, ∝-tocopherol acetate and ethoxyquin, was also investigated. At the conclusion of the diet trials, tissue samples, representing the five dietary regimens, were removed for analysis. The fatty tissues examined were outer back fat, inner back fat, and kidney fat. Samples of liver tissue for lipid analysis were also taken. The lipids from the respective tissues were extracted and interesterified with methanol to yield the methyl esters of the fatty acids. Hydrogenation of the unsaturated methyl esters for chain length confirmation was carried out. Qualitative and quantitative gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the unhydrogenated and hydrogenated methyl esters of the fatty acids were performed on diethylene glycol succinate column. The results of these investigations showed that a particular dietary fatty acid can be selectively deposited in animal tissues. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of menhaden oil, such as 20:5, 22:5, 22:6 were sparsely deposited in adipose tissues. The depot fat composition showed a mixture of characteristic menhaden oil fatty acids with the typical fat synthesized by swine. Fatty acid composition of tissue from swine fed oxidized menhaden oil with and without antioxidants showed very similar fatty acid composition as those fed fresh menhaden oil. The results of this investigation supported the beneficial effect of vitamin E (∝-tocopherol acetate) and ethoxyquin as in vivo antioxidants. / Graduation date: 1964

No description available.

Lo Kam Chun. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 310-323). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Abstract (Chinese version) --- p.iii / Acknowledgements --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vi / List of Abbreviations --- p.xxvi / List of Unit Abbreviations --- p.xxviii / List of Figures --- p.xxix / List of Tables --- p.xxxviii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.3 / Chapter 2.1 --- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) --- p.3 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Structure of PPAR --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Ligands of PPAR --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Peroxisome proliferator responsive elements (PPREs) --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Coactivators and corepressors of PPAR --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Signaling cross-talk between PPAR and other nuclear hormone receptors --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.6 --- Tissue distribution of PPAR --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2 --- PPARα and lipid metabolism --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3 --- "PPARα, cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism" --- p.18 / Chapter 2.4 --- PPARα and glucose metabolism --- p.20 / Chapter 2.5 --- PPARα and amino acid metabolism --- p.21 / Chapter 2.6 --- "PPARα, atherosclerosis and inflammation" --- p.21 / Chapter 2.7 --- PPARα and epidermal differentiation --- p.23 / Chapter 2.8 --- PPARα and peroxisome proliferator-induced liver injury --- p.24 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Objectives --- p.25 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Materials and Methods --- p.26 / Chapter 4.1 --- Animal tail-genotyping --- p.26 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Materials --- p.26 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Methods --- p.26 / Chapter 4.2 --- Animal treatment --- p.29 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Animals --- p.30 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Treatment --- p.30 / Chapter 4.3 --- "Serum β-hydroxybutyrate, triglyceride and cholesterol analyses" --- p.30 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Materials --- p.32 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Methods --- p.32 / Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Serum preparation --- p.32 / Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- β-hydroxybutyrate determination --- p.32 / Chapter 4.3.2.3 --- Triglyceride determination --- p.33 / Chapter 4.3.2.4 --- Cholesterol determination --- p.33 / Chapter 4.4 --- Total RNA isolation --- p.34 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Materials --- p.34 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Methods --- p.34 / Chapter 4.5 --- DNase I treatment --- p.35 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Materials --- p.35 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Methods --- p.35 / Chapter 4.6 --- Reverse transcription (RT) and non-fluorescent PCR (non-fluoroDD PCR) --- p.36 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- Materials --- p.41 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- Methods --- p.41 / Chapter 4.7 --- Reverse transcription (RT) and fluorescent PCR (fluoroDD PCR) --- p.42 / Chapter 4.7.1 --- Materials --- p.42 / Chapter 4.7.2 --- Methods --- p.42 / Chapter 4.8 --- Fluorescent differential display --- p.42 / Chapter 4.8.1 --- Materials --- p.43 / Chapter 4.8.2 --- Methods --- p.43 / Chapter 4.9 --- Excision of differentially expressed cDNA fragments --- p.44 / Chapter 4.9.1 --- Materials --- p.44 / Chapter 4.9.2 --- Methods --- p.44 / Chapter 4.10 --- Reamplification of excised cDNA fragments --- p.44 / Chapter 4.10.1 --- Materials --- p.45 / Chapter 4.10.2 --- Methods --- p.45 / Chapter 4.11 --- Subcloning of reamplified cDNA fragments --- p.46 / Chapter 4.11.1 --- Materials --- p.46 / Chapter 4.11.2 --- Methods --- p.46 / Chapter 4.12 --- Reverse dot blot analysis of subcloned cDNA fragments --- p.50 / Chapter 4.12.1 --- Materials --- p.50 / Chapter 4.12.2 --- Methods --- p.51 / Chapter 4.12.2.1 --- Mini-preparation of plasmid DNA from recombinant clones ´ؤ´ؤalkaline lysis method --- p.51 / Chapter 4.12.2.2 --- Dot blot preparation --- p.52 / Chapter 4.12.2.3 --- cDNA library and probe preparation --- p.52 / Chapter 4.12.2.4 --- Hybridization and signal detection --- p.54 / Chapter 4.13 --- Sequencing of reverse dot blot-confirmed cDNA fragments --- p.55 / Chapter 4.13.1 --- Materials --- p.55 / Chapter 4.13.2 --- Methods --- p.55 / Chapter 4.13.2.1 --- Mini-preparation of plasmid DNA from recombinant clones ´ؤ´ؤQiagen method --- p.55 / Chapter 4.13.2.2 --- DNA sequencing by CEQ dye terminator cycle sequencing --- p.56 / Chapter 4.13.2.3 --- BLAST search against computer database --- p.57 / Chapter 4.14 --- Northern blot analysis of sequenced cDNA fragments --- p.57 / Chapter 4.14.1 --- Materials --- p.58 / Chapter 4.14.2 --- Methods --- p.58 / Chapter 4.14.2.1 --- Midi-preparation of plasmid DNA from recombinant clones for probe preparation ´ؤ´ؤQiagen method --- p.58 / Chapter 4.14.2.2 --- DIG-labeled cDNA probe preparation --- p.59 / Chapter 4.14.2.3 --- Formaldehyde-agarose gel electrophoresis --- p.60 / Chapter 4.14.2.4 --- Hybridization and signal detection --- p.61 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Results --- p.63 / Chapter 5.1 --- Confirmation of genotypes by PCR tail-genotyping --- p.63 / Chapter 5.2 --- Morphological observation --- p.63 / Chapter 5.3 --- "Serum β-hydroxybutyrate, triglyceride and cholesterol levels" --- p.67 / Chapter 5.4 --- RT and non-fluoroDD PCR --- p.69 / Chapter 5.5 --- RT and fluoroDD PCR --- p.94 / Chapter 5.6 --- Reamplification of cDNA fragments --- p.121 / Chapter 5.7 --- Subcloning of reamplified cDNA fragments --- p.131 / Chapter 5.8 --- Reverse dot blot analysis of subcloned cDNA fragments --- p.174 / Chapter 5.9 --- Sequencing of reverse dot blot-confirmed cDNA fragments --- p.243 / Chapter 5.10 --- Northern blot analysis of sequenced cDNA fragments --- p.262 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Discussions --- p.282 / Chapter 6.1 --- PPARα and hepatic lipid metabolism during fasting --- p.282 / Chapter 6.2 --- Enlargement of liver in starved PPARα-null mice --- p.283 / Chapter 6.3 --- "Alteration of serum β-hydroxybutyrate, triglyceride and cholesterol levels by PPARa during fasting" --- p.284 / Chapter 6.4 --- Identification of PPARα-dependent and fasting- responsive genes by fluorescent differential display and PPARα-null mice --- p.285 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Roles of PPARα-dependent and fasting-responsive genes --- p.289 / Chapter 6.4.1.1 --- Lipid metabolism --- p.290 / Chapter 6.4.1.2 --- Protein metabolism --- p.299 / Chapter 6.4.1.3 --- Other functions --- p.302 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Conclusions --- p.307 / Chapter Chapter 8 --- Future Studies --- p.309 / Chapter 8.1 --- Further identification of fasting-responsive and PPARα- dependent genes --- p.309 / Chapter 8.2 --- Characterization of the mouse EST --- p.309 / References --- p.310 / Chapter Appendix A: --- Protocol for reaction preparation / Chapter Table A1 --- PCR-tail genotyping --- p.324 / Chapter Table A2 --- DNase I treatment of total RNA --- p.324 / Chapter Table A3 --- Reverse transcription (RT) for both non-fluoroDD and fluooDD PCR --- p.324 / Chapter Table A4 --- Non-fluoroDD PCR --- p.325 / Chapter Table A5 --- FluoroDD PCR --- p.325 / Chapter Table A6 --- Reamplification of cDNA fragments --- p.325 / Chapter Table A7 --- Reverse transcription in cDNA library synthesis for reverse dot blot analysis --- p.326 / Chapter Table A8 --- RT-PCR in cDNA library synthesis for reverse dot blot analysis --- p.326 / Chapter Appendix B: --- Phenol-chloroform extraction for recombinant subclones / Chapter Figure B1 --- Phenol-chloroform extraction for recombinant subclones containing cDNA fragments excised from fluoroDD gel D --- p.327 / Chapter Figure B2 --- Phenol-chloroform extraction for recombinant subclones containing cDNA fragments excised from fluoroDD gel E --- p.328 / Chapter Figure B3 --- Phenol-chloroform extraction for recombinant subclones containing cDNA fragments excised from fluoroDD gels G and HH --- p.329 / Chapter Figure B4 --- Phenol-chloroform extraction for recombinant subclones containing cDNA fragments excised from fluoroDD gel JJ --- p.330 / Chapter Figure B5 --- Phenol-chloroform extraction for recombinant subclones containing cDNA fragments excised from fluoroDD gel LL --- p.331 / Chapter Figure B6 --- Phenol-chloroform extraction for recombinant subclones containing cDNA fragments excised from fluoroDD gel MM --- p.332 / Chapter Figure B7 --- Phenol-chloroform extraction for recombinant subclones containing cDNA fragments excised from fluoroDD gels NN and OO (fragments OO1 - OO4) --- p.333 / Chapter Figure B8 --- Phenol-chloroform extraction for recombinant subclones containing cDNA fragments excised from fluoroDD gel 00 (fragments OO5 - OO7) --- p.334 / Chapter Figure B9 --- Phenol-chloroform extraction for recombinant subclones containing cDNA fragments excised from fluoroDD gel OO (fragments OO8 and OO9) --- p.335 / Chapter Figure B10 --- Phenol-chloroform extraction for recombinant subclones containing cDNA fragments excised from fluoroDD gel PP --- p.336 / Chapter Figure B11 --- Phenol-chloroform extraction for recombinant subclones containing cDNA fragments excised from fluoroDD gel QQ (fragments QQ1 and QQ3) --- p.337 / Chapter Figure B12 --- Phenol-chloroform extraction for recombinant subclones containing cDNA fragments excised from fluoroDD gel QQ (fragments QQ4 - QQ6) --- p.338 / Chapter Figure B13 --- Phenol-chloroform extraction for recombinant subclones containing cDNA fragments excised from fluoroDD gel RR --- p.339 / Chapter Figure B14 --- Phenol-chloroform extraction for recombinant subclones containing cDNA fragments excised from fluoroDD gels SS and TT --- p.340 / Chapter Figure B15 --- Phenol-chloroform extraction for recombinant subclones containing cDNA fragments excised from fluoroDD gel UU --- p.341 / Chapter Figure B16 --- Phenol-chloroform extraction for recombinant subclones containing cDNA fragments excised from fluoroDD gel VV --- p.342 / Chapter Figure B17 --- Phenol-chloroform extraction for recombinant subclones containing cDNA fragments excised from fluoroDD gel WW --- p.343 / Chapter Figure B18 --- Phenol-chloroform extraction for recombinant subclones containing cDNA fragments excised from fluoroDD gel XX --- p.344 / Chapter Appendix C: --- DNA sequence and sequence alignment of cDNA subclones / Chapter C1.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone Dl#2 using Ml3 forward -20 primer and the sequence of 3´ة-AP3 --- p.345 / Chapter C1.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone Dl#2 with mouse CYP4A10 by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.345 / Chapter C1.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone Dl#2 with mouse CYP4A10 --- p.345 / Chapter C2.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone Dl#2 using Ml3 reverse primer and the sequence of 5´ة-ARP12 --- p.346 / Chapter C2.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone Dl#2 with mouse CYP4A10 by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.346 / Chapter C2.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone Dl#2 with mouse CYP4A10 --- p.346 / Chapter C3.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone D2#9 using Ml3 forward -20 primer and the sequence of 5'-ARP12 --- p.347 / Chapter C3.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone D2#9 with mouse Bhmt by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.347 / Chapter C3.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone D2#9 with mouse Bhmt --- p.347 / Chapter C4.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone D3#3 using Ml3 forward -20 primer and the sequence of 5'-ARP12 --- p.348 / Chapter C4.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone D3#3 with mouse hypothetical protein MMT-7 by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.348 / Chapter C4.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone D3#3 with mouse hypothetical protein MMT-7 --- p.348 / Chapter C5.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone D3#3 using M13 reverse primer and the sequence of 3´ة-AP3 --- p.349 / Chapter C5.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone D3#3 with mouse hypothetical protein MMT-7 by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.349 / Chapter C5.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone D3#3 with mouse hypothetical protein MMT-7 --- p.349 / Chapter C6.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone LL1#7 using Ml3 reverse primer and the sequence of 3´ة-AP4 --- p.350 / Chapter C6.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone LL1#7 with mouse Ctsl by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.350 / Chapter C6.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone LL1#7 with mouse Ctsl --- p.350 / Chapter C7.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone LL1#11 using Ml3 forward -20 primer and the sequence of 5'-ARP6 --- p.351 / Chapter C7.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone LL1#11 with mouse Ctsl by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.351 / Chapter C7.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone LL1#11 with mouse Ctsl --- p.351 / Chapter C8.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone MM1#1 using M13 forward -20primer and the sequence of 3'-AP2 --- p.352 / Chapter C8.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone MM1#1 with mouse CYP4A10 by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.352 / Chapter C8.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone MM1#1 with mouse CYP4A10 --- p.352 / Chapter C9.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone MM1#1 using Ml3 reverse primer and the sequence of 5´ة-ARP7 --- p.353 / Chapter C9.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone MM1#1 with mouse CYP4A110 by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.353 / Chapter C9.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone MM1#1 with mouse CYP4A10 --- p.353 / Chapter C10.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone 002#6 using Ml3 forward -20 primer and the sequence of 3'-AP9 --- p.354 / Chapter C10.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 002#6 with rat ASL by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.354 / Chapter C10.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 002#6 with rat ASL --- p.354 / Chapter C11.l --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone 002#9 using Ml3 reverse primer and the sequence of 5'-ARP3 --- p.355 / Chapter C11.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 002#9 with rat ASL by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.355 / Chapter C11.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 002#9 with rat ASL --- p.355 / Chapter C12.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone 003#4 using Ml3 forward -20 primer and the sequence of 5'-ARP3 --- p.356 / Chapter C12.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone O03#4 with mouse Phyh by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.356 / Chapter C12.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 003#4 with mouse Phyh --- p.356 / Chapter C13.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone 003#9 using Ml3 reverse primer and the sequence of 5'-ARP3 --- p.357 / Chapter C13.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 003#9 with rat ASL by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.357 / Chapter C13.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 003#9 with rat ASL --- p.357 / Chapter C14. --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone 004#3 using M13 forward -20 primer and the sequence of 5'-ARP3 --- p.358 / Chapter C14.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 004#3 with rat ASL by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.358 / Chapter C14.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 004#3 with rat ASL --- p.358 / Chapter C15.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone 004#3 using Ml3 reverse primer and the sequence of 3'-AP9 --- p.359 / Chapter C15.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 004#3 with rat ASL by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.359 / Chapter C15.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 004#3 with rat ASL --- p.359 / Chapter C16.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone 004#4 using Ml 3 forward -20primer and the sequence of 5?-ARP3 --- p.360 / Chapter C16.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 004#4 with mouse CYP4A14 by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.360 / Chapter C16.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 004#4 with mouse CYP4A14 --- p.360 / Chapter C17.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone 004#4 using M13 reverse primer and the sequence of 3´ة-AP9 --- p.361 / Chapter C17.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 004#4 with mouse CYP4A14 by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.361 / Chapter C17.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 004#4 with mouse CYP4A14 --- p.361 / Chapter C18.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone 004#10 using M13 forward -20primer and the sequence of 3´ة-AP9 --- p.362 / Chapter C18.2 --- a Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 004#10 with rat PBE by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.362 / Chapter C18.3 --- a Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 004#10 with rat PBE --- p.362 / Chapter C18.2 --- b Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 004#10 with mouse L-PBE by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.363 / Chapter C18.3 --- b Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 004#10 with mouse L-PBE --- p.363 / Chapter C19.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone 005#13 using M13 forward -20primer and the sequence of 3'-AP9 --- p.364 / Chapter C19.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 005#13 with mouse CYP4A14 by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.364 / Chapter C19.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 005#13 with mouse CYP4A14 --- p.364 / Chapter C20.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone 005#13 using Ml3 reverse primer and the sequence of 5'-ARP3 --- p.365 / Chapter C20.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 005#13 with mouse CYP4A14 by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.365 / Chapter C20.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 005#13 with mouse CYP4A14 --- p.365 / Chapter C21.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone 006#2 using Ml3 forward -20 primer and the sequence of 3´ة-AP9 --- p.366 / Chapter C21.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 006#2 with mouse CYP4A14 by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.366 / Chapter C21.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 006#2 with mouse CYP4A14 --- p.366 / Chapter C22.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone 006#8 using Ml3 forward -20 primer and the sequence of 5'-ARP3 --- p.367 / Chapter C22.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 006#8 with mouse CYP4A14 by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.367 / Chapter C22.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 006#8 with mouse CYP4A14 --- p.367 / Chapter C23.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone 006#10 using Ml3 reverse primer and the sequence of 5'-ARP3 --- p.368 / Chapter C23.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 006#10 with mouse CYP4A14 by BLAST searching with the National --- p.368 / Chapter C23.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 006#10 with mouse CYP4A14 --- p.368 / Chapter C24.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone 007#6 using Ml3 reverse primer and the sequence of 5'-ARP3 --- p.368 / Chapter C24.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 007#6 with mouse Spil-3 by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.369 / Chapter C24.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 007#6 with mouse Spil-3 --- p.369 / Chapter C25.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone 007#10 using Ml3 forward -20 primer and the sequence of 3'-AP9 --- p.370 / Chapter C25.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 007#10 with mouse Spil-3 by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.370 / Chapter C25.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 007#10 with mouse Spil-3 --- p.370 / Chapter C26.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone 008#10 using Ml3 forward -20 primer and the sequence of 5'-ARP3 --- p.371 / Chapter C26.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 008#10 with mouse Hpcl by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.371 / Chapter C26.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 008#l0 with mouse Hpcl --- p.371 / Chapter C27.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone 009#6 using Ml3 forward -20 primer and the 3´ة-AP9 --- p.372 / Chapter C27.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 009#6 with mouse Hpcl by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.372 / Chapter C27.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 009#6 with mouse Hpcl --- p.372 / Chapter C28.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone 009#8 using Ml3 reverse primer and the sequence of 3'-AP9 --- p.373 / Chapter C28.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 009#8 with mouse Hpcl by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.373 / Chapter C28.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone 009#8 with mouse Hpcl --- p.373 / Chapter C29.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone PP3#3 using M13 forward -20 primer and the sequence of 5'-ARP3 --- p.374 / Chapter C29.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone PP3#3 with mouse CYP4A14 by BLAST searching with the National Center --- p.374 / Chapter C29.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone PP3#3 with mouse CYP4A14 --- p.374 / Chapter C30.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone PP3#13 using Ml3 reverse primer and the sequence of 5'-ARP3 --- p.375 / Chapter C30.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone PP3#13 with mouse CYP4A14 by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.375 / Chapter C30.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone PP3#13 with mouse CYP4A14 --- p.375 / Chapter C31.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone QQ4#14 using Ml3 forward -20 primer and the sequence of 5´ة-ARP2 --- p.376 / Chapter C31.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone QQ4#14 with mouse MCAD by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.376 / Chapter C31.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone QQ4#14 with mouse MCAD --- p.376 / Chapter C32.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone QQ4#15 using Ml3 reverse primer and the sequence of 5´ة-ARP2 --- p.377 / Chapter C32.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone QQ4#15 with mouse MCAD by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.377 / Chapter C32.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone QQ4#15 with mouse MCAD --- p.377 / Chapter C33.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone QQ5#14 using Ml3 forward -20 primer and the sequence of 3'-AP3 --- p.377 / Chapter C33.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone QQ5#14 with mouse MUP II by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.378 / Chapter C33.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone QQ5#14 with mouse MUP II --- p.378 / Chapter C34.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone QQ5#17 using Ml3 reverse primer and the sequence of 5'-ARP2 --- p.378 / Chapter C34.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone QQ5#17 with mouse MUP II by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.379 / Chapter C34.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone QQ5#17 with mouse MUP II --- p.379 / Chapter C35.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone QQ6#13 using Ml3 forward -20 primer and the sequence of 3'-AP3 --- p.380 / Chapter C35.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone QQ6#13 with mouse MUP II by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.380 / Chapter C35.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone QQ6#13 with mouse MUP II --- p.380 / Chapter C36.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone QQ6#14 using M13 reverse primer and the 5'-ARP2 --- p.381 / Chapter C36.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone QQ6#14 with mouse MUP II by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.381 / Chapter C36.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone QQ6#14 with mouse MUP II --- p.381 / Chapter C37.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone TT4#5 using Ml3 forward -20 primer and the sequence of 3´ة-AP5 --- p.382 / Chapter C37.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone TT4#5 with mouse MUP II by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.382 / Chapter C37.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone TT4#5 with mouse MUP II --- p.382 / Chapter C38.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone TT4#8 using Ml3 forward -20 primer and the sequence of 5´ة-ARP2 --- p.383 / Chapter C38.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone TT4#8 with mouse MUP II by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.383 / Chapter C38.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone TT4#8 with mouse MUP II --- p.383 / Chapter C39.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone TT4#9 using Ml3 reverse primer and the sequence of 3'-AP5 --- p.384 / Chapter C39.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone TT4#9 with mouse MUP II by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.384 / Chapter C39.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone TT4#9 with mouse MUP II --- p.384 / Chapter C40.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone TT5#1 using Ml3 forward -20 primer and the sequence of 5'-ARP2 --- p.385 / Chapter C40.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone TT5#1 with mouse MUP II by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.385 / Chapter C40.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone TT5#1 with mouse MUP II --- p.385 / Chapter C41.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone TT5#9 using Ml3 reverse primer and the sequence of 3´ة-AP5 --- p.386 / Chapter C41.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone TT5#9 with mouse MUP II by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.386 / Chapter C41.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone TT5#9 with mouse MUP II --- p.386 / Chapter C42.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone UU1#1 using Ml3 forward -20 primer and the sequence of 3´ة-AP2 --- p.387 / Chapter C42.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone UU1#1 with mouse CYP4A10 by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.387 / Chapter C42.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone UU1#1 with mouse CYP4A10 --- p.387 / Chapter C43.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone UU1#4 using Ml3 reverse primer and the sequence of 5'-ARP12 --- p.388 / Chapter C43.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone UU1#4 with mouse CYP4A10 by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.388 / Chapter C43.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone UU1#4 with mouse CYP4A10 --- p.388 / Chapter C44.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone VV5#2 using Ml3 forward -20 primer and the sequence of 3´ة-AP2 --- p.389 / Chapter C44.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone VV5#2 with mouse CYP4A10 by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.389 / Chapter C44.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone VV5#2 with mouse CYP4A10 --- p.389 / Chapter C45.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone VV5#3 using Ml3 forward -20 primer and the sequence of 3'-AP2 --- p.390 / Chapter C45.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone VV5#3 with mouse CYP4A10 by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.390 / Chapter C45.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone VV5#3 with mouse CYP4A10 --- p.390 / Chapter C46.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone VV5#4 using Ml3 reverse primer and the sequence of 5'-ARP18 --- p.391 / Chapter C46.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone VV5#4 with mouse CYP4A10 by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.391 / Chapter C46.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone VV5#4 with mouse CYP4A10 --- p.391 / Chapter C47.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone VV8#5 using M13 forward -20 primer and the sequence of 5'-ARP18 --- p.392 / Chapter C47.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone VV8#5 with mouse HMG-CoAS by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.392 / Chapter C47.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone VV8#5 with mouse HMG-CoAS --- p.392 / Chapter C48.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone VV8#6 using Ml 3 reverse primer and the sequence of 3'-AP2 --- p.393 / Chapter C48.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone VV8#6 with mouse HMG-CoAS by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.393 / Chapter C48.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone VV8#6 with mouse HMG-CoAS --- p.393 / Chapter C49.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone WW1#3 using Ml 3 forward -20 primer and the sequence of 3'-AP2 --- p.394 / Chapter C49.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone WW1#3 with mouse Spil-3 by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.394 / Chapter C49.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone WW1#3 with mouse Spil-3 --- p.394 / Chapter C50.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone WW1#4 using Ml3 forward -20 primer and the sequence of 3'-AP2 --- p.395 / Chapter C50.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone WW1#4 with mouse Spil-3 by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.395 / Chapter C50.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone WW1#4 with mouse Spil-3 --- p.395 / Chapter C51.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone WW1#7 using M13 reverse primer and the sequence of 5´ة-ARP19 --- p.396 / Chapter C51.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone WW1#7 with mouse Spil-3 by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.396 / Chapter C51.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone WW1#7 ith mouse Spil-3 --- p.396 / Chapter C52.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone XX1#2 using Ml3 forward 20 primer and the sequence of 3´ة-APl0 --- p.397 / Chapter C52.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone XX1#2 with mouse CYP4A10 by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.397 / Chapter C52.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone XX1#2 with mouse CYP4A10 --- p.397 / Chapter C53.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone XX1#3 using M13 forward -20 primer and the sequence of 3´ة-APl0 D205 --- p.398 / Chapter C53.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone XX1#3 with mouse CYP4A10 by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.398 / Chapter C53.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone XX1#3 with mouse CYP4A10 --- p.398 / Chapter C54.1 --- DNA sequence of cDNA subclone XX1#9 using Ml3 forward -20 primer and the sequence of 5'-ARP12 --- p.399 / Chapter C54.2 --- Sequence alignment of cDNA subclone XX1#9 with mouse CYP4A10 by BLAST searching with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database --- p.399 / Chapter C54.3 --- Summary of sequence alignment of cDNA subclone XX1#9 with mouse CYP4A10 --- p.399

published_or_final_version / Biochemistry / Master / Master of Philosophy

No description available.

Fat body tissue was taken from female Manduca larvae throughout the fifth instar. The samples were prepared for histological study and electron microscopy. Hemolymph samples were collected and analyzed for protein profile and concentration. The data showed that the fat body underwent a series of changes with development. These include an increase in cell size, and accumulation of lipid and glycogen during the feeding phase of the instar, and the formation of protein and urate granules during the wandering stage. Also apparent was the cyclic development of a reticular system on the cell surfaces. Maximum development of the system coincided with the period of highest protein concentration in the hemolymph, while its disappearance is coincident with a drop in hemolymph protein concentration and formation of fat body granules. Thus the fat body plays a synthetic role early in the instar and becomes a storage tissue as pupation approaches.

Obese individuals are at greater risk of various comorbidities including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Endocrine imbalances and dyslipidemia are likely contributors to the etiology of these diseases in obese individuals. / The objectives of this research project were: (1) to determine the effectiveness of a self-selected diet and exercise weight loss (WtL) protocol in overweight and obese women; (2) to investigate the effects of moderate WtL on hormones associated with the regulation of energy balance, blood lipid levels, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size; (3) to characterize changes in cholesterol metabolism as a result of moderate WtL through an examination of factors that likely play a role in its modulation, specifically body composition and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in ATP binding cassette (ABC)G5 and ABCG8 transporter. / In carrying out these objectives, 35 women were included in a 24-week WtL trial. Hormone, lipids, and cholesterol metabolism were assessed at the end of two stabilization periods. During these periods, body composition was also measured via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). WtL was achieved through a 20% decrease in energy intake using diet combined with a 10% increase in energy expenditure through physical activity. / Overall, participants lost an average of 11.7+/-2.5 kg. WtL resulted in improvements in blood lipid risk factors of CVD with minimal effect on LDL particle size. No associations were found between leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, and insulin. Cholesterol synthesis decreased as a result of WtL, while cholesterol absorption and turnover did not change. Despite an absence of change in turnover, increases were predicted by decreases in visceral adipose tissue, and decreases in cholesterol absorption were associated with losses in total and upper body skeletal muscle. This study also showed that changes in cholesterol concentrations and metabolism after WtL are associated with SNPs in ABCG5 and ABCG8 genes. / These findings suggest that hormones important in the regulation of energy homeostasis may exert their effects independently. Moderate WtL results in cardioprotective changes in blood cholesterol levels primarily due to changes in cholesterol synthesis. These findings also indicate that the responsiveness of blood cholesterol levels and metabolism to weight loss is modulated by changes in body composition and SNPs in ABCG5 and ABCG8.

No description available.

The effects of different dietary lipids on the growth, nutrition and tissue lipid profiles of rainbow trout raised to market size on a commercially available ration were examined. Rainbow trout of 80 g mean initial weight were fed pellets prepared according to Oregon Moist Pellet specifications for 20 weeks. Salmon oil (0MP-1), soybean oil (OMP-2), linseed oil (OMP-3), chicken fat (OMP-4), pork lard (OMP-5) and beef tallow (OMP-6) were used for the 6% lipid component of the diets. No differences in feed conversion or growth rate were observed across diet groups. Trout nutrition was monitored by three blood parameters -- red blood cell (RBC) fragility (hemolysis), packed cell volume (PCV) (hematocrit), and percent hemoglobin. The OMP-1 diet appeared to have caused oxidative stress in trout as measured by hemolysis, while hematocrit and percent hemoglobin values were uniform across diet groups. Tissue levels of total n-3 fatty acids were highest in the OMP-3 group and decreased in the order OMP-1 > OMP-2 = OMP-4 = OMP-5 = OMP-6. However, unaltered linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) comprised almost 50% of the n-3 fatty acid content of OMP-3 trout tissue lipid. The level of total 20:5 n-3 plus 22:6 n-3 (18%), was 33% higher in tissue from OMP-1 trout than tissue from all other diet groups which held fairly constant at 12% across OMP groups 3-6. The lowest tissue level of total 20:5 n-3 plus 22:6 n-3 was found in the OMP-2 trout, 10%. Trout raised on the OMP-1 diet also retained higher tissue stores of 20 and 22 carbon monoenes than trout fed OMP diets 2-6, but less than dietary levels. In contrast, trout fed OMP diets 2-6 retained higher tissue levels of these same fatty acids than dietary levels. The diet ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)/22:1 appeared to influence whether 22:1 was conserved or oxidized. The most favorable balance of trout tissue monoenes, n-6 fatty acids and total 20:5 n-3 plus 22:6 n-6 for human health was found in trout fed the OMP-6 diet. / Graduation date: 1988