The interrelationships between physical measurements, dietary intake of specific nutrients, and plasma lipids were examined in 19 healthy elderly subjects. The mean blood pressures, relative weights, and skinfold thicknesses were within normal ranges, although women tended to be more overweight. Systolic pressure and relative weight were associated with increased body fatness, as measured by suprailiac and subscapular skinfolds. On the average, the caloric intake of these subjects was only 85% of the recommended dietary allowance; carbohydrate supplied 48% and fat accounted for 33% of the calories. The subjects consumed a low level of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol but the dietary ratio of polyunsaturates to saturates was similar to that of the typical American diet. Higher levels of dietary fat were associated with higher intakes of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. The mean concentrations of cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides in plasma were within the normal reported ranges; these lipid fractions appeared to be uninfluenced by the composition of the diet. The concentration of nonesterified fatty acids in plasma was unusually high and positively correlated with age of the subjects. There was also an unexplained correlation between plasma nonesterified fatty acids and the linoleic acid content of the diet. / Graduation date: 1976

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Auburn University, 2007. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references (ℓ. 151-163)

Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 1991. / Typescript. References : leaves 17-19.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1944. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-67).

No description available.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wyoming, 2005. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Nov. 15, 2007). Includes bibliographical references (p. 175-198).

The suckling rat has provided a useful model for these studies of lipid digestion and absorption. In adults dietary triacylglycerols are predominantly hydrolyzed by the "classic" mechanism involving pancreatic lipase (E.C. 3.1.1.3) and biliary micelle-mediated product uptake. Unlike affluent man, adult laboratory rats normally consume a low-fat diet (< 20% of energy). However suckling rats, like most neonates, consume a milk diet that is normally high in fat. Suckling rats receive ~90% of non-protein energy from milk triacylglycerols, although rats have very low levels of "classic" pancreatic lipase before weaning. Dissertation studies demonstrate that other lipases promote efficient gastrointestinal triacylglycerol utilization in suckling rats. Nearly half of milk triacylglycerols are hydrolyzed to diacylglycerol within the stomach; and results strongly support that lingual lipase is the significant source of this activity. Furthermore, enzyme studies show considerable similarity between this lipase from rat tongue and so-called pregastric esterases of suckling ruminant species. Of fatty acids released in stomach, nearly three-quarters are of medium-chain length. These have high aqueous solubility and are rapidly absorbed from the upper gastrointestinal tract. Remaining triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, and long-chain fatty acids enter the intestinal lumen and mix with lipid-rich bile. Suckling rats have higher biliary concentrations of bile salts, phospholipids and cholesterol than do adults. Bile salt enterohepatic circulation clearly occurs in the suckling rat, at least as early as 10 days. The bile acid β-muricholate is elevated during the suckling period, compared to post-weaning. Results show that further lipolysis occurs along the intestine, possibly through the action of lingual lipase and others from pancreas, producing mostly long-chain free fatty acids, monoacylglycerol, and some lysophosphatidylcholine, derived largely from bile. This composition closely resembles adult intestinal contents, but is much higher in both dietary and biliary lipid constituents. Alteration of milk triacylglycerol fatty acids produced no apparent impairment in gastrointestinal lipid utilization by sucklings, but resulted in hyperlipemia and increased carcass fatness. These results suggest gastrointestinal events do not limit triacylglycerol utilization in the suckling rat, regardless of composition; but post-absorptive metabolism may be different when sucklings consume altered milk lipids.

Dietary fats and animal proteins have been shown to exert different lipidemic responses in many animals, including humans. Oxidative stress has been associated with the development of several diseases including atherosclerosis. The hypotheses of this study were that: (1) the degree and type of dietary fatty acid unsaturation will influence the type of cholesterolemic responses via the induction of differential levels of oxidative stress; and (2) hyperlipidemia induced by casein in a butterfat-based diet is related to increased tissue lipid peroxidation. Male Golden Syrian hamsters were fed diets containing butterfat/casein (BF/CAS), butterfat/egg white (BF/EGG), safflower oil/egg white (SAFF/EGG) or menhaden oil/egg white (MHO/EGG) for 27 days. In comparison to the BF/EGG and SAFF/EGG diet groups, the MHO/EGG hamsters exhibited higher levels of total serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, serum apolipoprotein B and serum lipid peroxides. These results suggest that MHO induced-hyperlipidemia could be exerted through increased concentrations of serum apolipoprotein B and increased serum lipid peroxidation. The BF/CAS diet, in comparison to the BF/EGG diet, increased serum total cholesterol and increased serum and hepatic levels of lipid peroxides. These results suggest that dietary casein-induced hypercholesterolemia could be related to increased oxidative stress. The protective effect of dietary egg white on lipid peroxidation may involve sulfur amino acids which are found in greater amounts in egg white than casein.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1999. / Restricted until June 2000. Bibliography: leaves [117]-132.