O objetivo deste trabalho é comprovar que um modo peculiar de descrição paisagística percorre a primeira parte de O turista aprendiz (1927-1943), de Mário de Andrade. A paisagem literária que compõe essa obra do escritor arlequinal é estruturada a partir do diálogo do narrador (anti)viajante com perspectivas, padrões e processos artísticos de outras artes que, reunidos, conferem ao diário de viagem uma profundidade narrativo-descritiva. O estudo detido de três grandes quadros do diário amazônico Foz do Amazonas, Vitória-régia e Alvorada , realizado nesta tese, permite perceber a forma difícil do fazer paisagem do autor modernista, motivado, sobretudo, pela releitura crítica das produções literárias e científicas de tradição romântica. / The aim of this study is to demonstrate that Mario de Andrade describes the landscape in a singular way in the first part of his book O turista aprendiz (The Apprentice Tourist) (1927- 1943). The literary landscape that constitutes this work of the harlequin author is based on the (anti)traveler narrator\'s dialogue with other kinds of art. These different artistic perspectives, standards and processes are combined and provide a narrative-descriptive depth to the authors travel journal. A detailed study of three large pictures of Mario de Andrades Amazonic journal Foz do Amazonas, Vitória-régia and Alvorada is developed in this thesis. The analysis provided unveils the intricate way chosen by the modernist author to compose the landscape, mainly motivated by the critical rereading of literary and scientific writings of the Romantic Tradition.

O objetivo deste trabalho é comprovar que um modo peculiar de descrição paisagística percorre a primeira parte de O turista aprendiz (1927-1943), de Mário de Andrade. A paisagem literária que compõe essa obra do escritor arlequinal é estruturada a partir do diálogo do narrador (anti)viajante com perspectivas, padrões e processos artísticos de outras artes que, reunidos, conferem ao diário de viagem uma profundidade narrativo-descritiva. O estudo detido de três grandes quadros do diário amazônico Foz do Amazonas, Vitória-régia e Alvorada , realizado nesta tese, permite perceber a forma difícil do fazer paisagem do autor modernista, motivado, sobretudo, pela releitura crítica das produções literárias e científicas de tradição romântica. / The aim of this study is to demonstrate that Mario de Andrade describes the landscape in a singular way in the first part of his book O turista aprendiz (The Apprentice Tourist) (1927- 1943). The literary landscape that constitutes this work of the harlequin author is based on the (anti)traveler narrator\'s dialogue with other kinds of art. These different artistic perspectives, standards and processes are combined and provide a narrative-descriptive depth to the authors travel journal. A detailed study of three large pictures of Mario de Andrades Amazonic journal Foz do Amazonas, Vitória-régia and Alvorada is developed in this thesis. The analysis provided unveils the intricate way chosen by the modernist author to compose the landscape, mainly motivated by the critical rereading of literary and scientific writings of the Romantic Tradition.

À partir de la trajectoire spécifique de Pedro de Ribadeneyra S.I. (1526-1611), à la fois personnalité centrale de la Compagnie de Jésus et écrivain réputé de son temps, cette thèse doctorale interroge les rapports complexes entre écriture, institution religieuse et pratiques littéraires. À cet égard, il faut appréhender Ribadeneyra non seulement comme une figure fonctionnelle de la Compagnie, mais aussi comme un écrivain aux prises avec une société qui ne se réduit pas forcément à celle de Jésus, afin de ressaisir la spécificité du religieux tolédan comme auteur.Croisant histoire de la Compagnie de Jésus (autant l’histoire institutionnelle et spirituelle de l’Ordre que l’histoire des jésuites dans l’Assistance d’Espagne) et histoire culturelle (plus précisément l’histoire de l’écrit à l’époque moderne), ce travail vise à comprendre l’insertion de Pedro de Ribadeneyra dans une « République sacrée des Lettres » ibérique et à interroger la figure de l’écrivain religieux au Siècle d’Or. / Through Pedro de Ribadeneyra’s S.I. (1526-1611) specific trajectory — both a central personality within the Society of Jesus and a famous writer of his time — this dissertation analyzes the complex links between writing, religious institution and literary practices. To this extent, Ribadeneyra has to be understood not only as a functional figure within the Society, but also as a writer, dealing with a society often wider than the Jesus Society itself, in order to grasp his specificity as an author.At crossroads between the Society of Jesus’ history (institutional and spiritual history, along with the Jesuits’ history in Spain’s Assistance) and cultural history (precisely writing practices’ history in Early Modern Ages), this work seeks to understand Pedro de Ribadeneyra’s role within an Iberian “sacred Republic of Letters” and to question the religious writer’s figure during the Golden Age.

La présente recherche s’intéresse à l’identité que l’auteur élabore de manière singulière dans le texte. Elle révèle des procédures discursives, argumentatives et stylistiques qui constituent à la fois l’œuvre et son auteur. Si les enjeux du discours littéraire sont ceux qui préoccupent un écrivain africain soucieux de l’avenir de son pays, sa singularité artistique dépend moins de son origine africaine que de sa manière originale de s’intégrer dans la République mondiale des lettres, à partir du champ littéraire français, en fonction de l’ensemble des discours littéraires et sociaux qui traversent ce champ particulier. La recherche examine l’image discursive (ethos) qui se construit dans les romans de deux auteurs : Le docker noir (1956) et Les Bouts de bois de Dieu (1960) d’Ousmane Sembène ; Le Pauvre Christ de Bomba 1956 et Mission terminée 1957 de Mongo Beti – les deux « écrivains africains » les plus réputés qui ont publié leur premier roman avant les Indépendances. / This research focuses on the identity that an author uniquely constructs and elaborates throughout his works. In doing so, the thesis reveals major discursive, argumentative and stylistic aspects of the literary works as well as of the image of their authors. Although their writing may be concerned with the future of their country, the artistic uniqueness of the work depends less on one’s African origins, and more on his connections to The World Republic of Letters as a member of the French literary field, taking into account the totality of literary and social discourses that constitute this field. This study wishes to examine the discursive Image (ethos) of two authors – Ousmane Sembène (Le docker noir 1956 et Les Bouts de bois de Dieu 1960) and Mongo Beti (Le Pauvre Christ de Bomba 1956 and Mission terminée 1957) – two of the most acclaimed “African writers” published before the time of the African Independence (1960’s).