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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: When we consider the total number of complaints, which have been used in the selected Tshivenda dramas, we find that the drama ZWO ITWA has the most complaints. i.e. 24.8% of complaints in the six books. The drama VHD LU FUKULA also has a high number of complaints i.e. 20.8% of all the complaints. In the analysis of complaints in selected Tshivenda dramas, eight strategies were considered. It frequently happened that more than one strategy was used in individual complaints. On average, 2.1 to 1.7 strategies appear in a complaint with an average of 1.9 strategies per complaint. With regard to the analysis of individual strategies in all books, we find that indirect accusation has the highest frequency i.e. 35.7%. This refers to an accusation in which the complainer wants to find out whether the hearer may be the potential agent of the complaint. Thus, the complainer does not directly accuse the hearer of the complaint. The study also reveals that characters like using strategies which are less direct and less face threatening. The strategies which appeared most frequently in of each book are annoyance, indirect accusation, ill consequences and explicit blame on behaviour (action). When we consider the total number of responses, which have been used in all the dramas, the study shows that ZWO ITWA has the most responses i.e. 22.6% of all the responses to the complaints in the six books. The drama VHD LU FUKULA also has a high frequency of responses i.e. 20.5% of all responses. Out of the six types of responses that were identified, question has the highest frequency of 37.3%. It also became clear in this study that some of the questions were used to object. The response, which also has high frequency, is contradiction. This response has a percentage of 21.2% of the total responses. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Wanneer die totale getal klagtes in die geselekteerde Tshivenda dramas oorweeg word, vind ons dat 2WO ITWA die meeste klagtes het, naamlik 24.8% van die klagtes in die ses boeke. Die drama VHO LU FUKULA het ook 'n groot aantal klagtes, naamlik 20.8% van al die klagtes. In die analise van klagtes in die geselekteerde Tshivenda dramas is agt strategieë oorweeg. Dit gebeur dikwels dat meer as een strategie gebruik is in individuele klagtes. Vanaf 2.1 tot 1.7 strategieë verskyn in 'n klagte met 'n gemiddelde van 1.9 strategieë per klagte. Ten opsigte van die analise van individuele strategieë in al die boeke is gevind dat indirekte beskuldiging die hoogste frekwensie het, naamlik 35.7%. Dit verwys na 'n beskuldiging waarin die klaer wil uitvind of die hoorder die potensiële agent van die klagte is. Dus, die klaer beskuldig nie die hoorder direk oor die klagte nie. Die studie toon ook dat karakters daarvan hou om strategieë te gebruik wat minder direk is en nie 'n persoon se selfbeeld aantas nie. Die strategieë met die hoogste frekwensie in elke boek is ergernis, indirekte beskuldiging, nadelige gevolge en eksplisiete blaam op die gedrag (handeling). Ten opsigte van die totale getal response die klagtes in die betrokke dramas, het die studie getoon dat ZWO ITWA die meeste response het, naamlik 22.6% van al die response op klagtes in die ses boeke. Die drama VHO LU FUKULA het ook 'n hoë frekwensie reaksies, naamlik 20.5%. Van die 6 tipes reaksies het die vraag die hoogste frekwensie, naamlik 37.3%. Dit is ook duidelik dat sommige vrae gaan oor objeksies. 'n Respons wat ook 'n hoë frekwensie het, is teenstelling naamlik 21.2% van alle response.

published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Arts

Thesis (PhD. (English Studies)) --University of Limpopo, 2002. / The purpose of this study is to investigate colonialism in the novels of Nadine Gordimer and Anita Desai. A further purpose is to introduce these two major writers to a wider audience, thereby illuminating not only their work but also the artistic, social and moral assumptions on which it rests. A comparative study of the novels of Gordimer and Desai shows how these writers, from socially and culturally different countries, reflect and explore colonialism. By locating this phenomenon of world history in Post-Colonial Literary Studies the project calls for a discussion of the various critical models of post-colonial writing. In consequence, the study moves beyond the dichotomy of east-west and centre-periphery to a reading of Gordimer's and Desai's novels at several levels, with a particular focus on India's special experience of colonialism - both at home and abroad -and Gordimer's status as a white South African. From this perspective evolves the notion that Desai and Gordimer reveal through their texts patterns of similarity and difference in their respective colonial encounters. If we were to search for a writer from Africa whose being and writing have been directly involved with issues pertaining to the historical phenomena of colonialism and race struggle over an extended period, then Gordimer must be the ideal candidate. She is a writer deeply bound up with the multiple phases and consequences of South African apartheid. Also, she is someone who tries to go beyond history to depict the conscience of the age by writing about the human condition in times of terror and fear. A contemporary analysis of the human condition is a concern that Gordimer and Desai share as writers of fiction. The agony of a post­ colonial India that tries to liberate itself from the dialectic of history is reflected in Desai's novels in the framework of "difference on equal terms". This places her in the "second generation" of lndo-English writers who write from the hybridised and syncretic view of the modern world that celebrates cultural cross-pollination. A special achievement of Gordimer and Desai is to succeed in powerfully portraying female characters in a rapidly changing world, though each writer explores the place of women in society from her own cultural perspective. Writers are transmitters of their cultures. A study of this kind, I hope, will help to stimulate interest and enjoyment in the reading of South African and Indian literature and thus strengthen the literary bond of understanding between the two countries.

Thesis ( M.A. ( African Languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2013 / The main aim of this study is to examine the way in which women are explored and explained by authors with special reference to Xitsonga novels, Ri xile by S.B. Nxumalo and Sasavona by D.C. Marivate. The first chapter reveals the general outline of the study, the problem statement, the aim, the importance and its methodology. The most important terms of the study has been explained in this chapter so as to reveal what is expected to be analyzed. Chapter two gives short summary of the novels Sasavona by D.C. Marivate and Ri xile by S.B. Nxumalo which have been examined together with the history of their authors. The definitions of the word characters and characterization have been included and defined in this chapter. In this chapter, the novels which have been selected to be analysed have been analysed. Chaper three explains, defines and analysed the themes of selected two novels. The definitions of theme has been given in this chapter. This definitions will make readers to understand what theme is. Chapter four deals with the setting or milieu of the above mentioned novels. Chapter five deals with the general summary of this mini-dissertation. The recommendations and recommendations for further research have been indicated in this chapter.