The development of analysis techniques necessary for the quantitative, chemical surface analysis of lithium-containing solids important in the construction of high energy density batteries is presented. Electron beam damage is discovered to be the source of apparent lithium metal formation in Li(ls) XPS spectra of lithium salts. Beam Damage thresholds of Li₂O, Li₂CO₃ and Li₂SO₄ are calculated using time-dependent Auger spectra, and possible mechanisms are discussed. The variables which affect Auger quantitation are reviewed with particular emphasis on low energy transitions. Two experimental attempts at measuring the instrument response function for the cylindrical mirror analyzer and electron multiplier are discussed. Background correction techniques proposed in the literature are compared using synthesized Auger data. Auger lineshapes are synthesized by a series of calculations which mimic each step of the Auger electron's path from the atomic core level to the detector. The results indicate that the SIBS (Sequential Inelastic Background Subtraction) method is more applicable to Auger analysis because of its analytical accuracy, speed and ability to handle spectra with poor signal to noise. The special problem of low energy background subtraction is resolved through the use of a new five-parameter function which adequately accounts for the analyzer distortions and secondary cascade in one calculation. Using the above correction techniques, Auger spectra, peak energies, relative intensities and FWHM's of Li₂O, LiOHNH₂O, LiH, Li₃N, Li₂CO₃ and Li₂SO₄NH₂O are presented. Despite special handling techniques, the hydroxide, hydride and nitride reveal extensive oxidation. The oxyanion salts reveal little Li Auger intensity until substantial anion desorption had occurred. The reaction products of lithium with oxygen, water and carbon dioxide are studied by AES. Results indicate the formation of Li₂O, LiOHNH₂O and Li₂O with hydrocarbons, respectively. These results are used to construct a plausible surface structure of the Li-SO₂ interface which explains its stability to self-discharge corrosion and yet maintain electronic conductivity for external discharge. RBS and AES depth profiling are used to analyze potassium-implanted glasses. The results indicate a great deal of ionic migration for glasses which leads to a speculative mechanism for alkali corrosion of glasses.

As wind energy penetration levels increase, there is a growing interest in using storage devices to aid in managing the fluctuations in wind turbine output power. Vanadium-Redox batteries (VRB) and Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) batteries are two emerging technologies which can provide power smoothing in wind energy systems. However, there is an apparent gap when it comes to the data available regarding the design, integration and operation of these batteries in wind systems. This thesis presents suitable battery electrical models which will be used to assess system performance in wind energy applications, including efficiency under various operating conditions, transfer characteristics and transient operation. A design, sizing and testing methodology for battery integration in converter based systems is presented. Recommendations for the development of operating strategies are then provided based on the obtained results.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 1996. / Adviser: Ronald B. Goldner. Submitted to the Dept. of Electrical Engineering. Includes bibliographical references. Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wollongong, 2007. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references: leaf 230-232.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI Company.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of St Andrews, June 2009. / Restricted until 1st June 2011.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering, Johannesburg 2018 / This research aims to assess the factors surrounding the emergence of markets with the greatest potential for rechargeable lithium battery adoption. The implications of the rise of electric vehicles and electrical energy storage are measured against lithium supply and market pricing. This was resolved by reviewing all available information and comparing it with the intricacies of resources, production and recycling. An analysis of price formation is also undertaken before making assumptions to enable a forecast of future market dynamics until 2030. Electric vehicles will require almost threefold the lithium produced in 2015 by the end of the period considered, with grid storage predicted to follow suit. No geological supply constraints were found, but economic scarcity is a strong possibility. Production is highly vulnerable to disruption due to concentration and the situation is exacerbated by inelastic demand. Recycling may be the most critical means of diversifying and improving supplies. / XL2019

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