To study the impact of environmental changes in a coastal marine ecosystem, it is necessary to use indicator species. It is crucial to understand the foraging performances that proceed from environmental changes. The aim of my thesis was to examine the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the foraging activity of the little penguins (Eudyptula minor). The thermocline allowed birds to approach optimal behaviour. However, the thermocline is an unstable element. I did not find any effect of individual characteristics on their foraging behaviour and success. My work suggests that environmental conditions are major factors that will influence the behaviour of little penguins, allowing me to conclude that little penguins are good ecological indicators.

Pour étudier l'impact des changements environnementaux dans un écosystème marin côtier, il est nécessaire d'utiliser des espèces indicatrices. Il est essentiel de distinguer les performances de recherche de nourriture qui résultent des changements de l’environnement. L'objectif de ma thèse était d'étudier l'influence des facteurs intrinsèques et extrinsèques sur l'activité de recherche alimentaire des manchots pygmée (Eudyptula minor). J'ai démontré que la thermocline a permis aux oiseaux d'approcher le comportement optimal. Cependant, la thermocline est un élément instable. Je n'ai trouvé aucun effet des caractéristiques des individus sur le comportement et le succès. Mon travail suggère que les conditions environnementales sont les principaux facteurs qui influencent le comportement des manchots pygmée qui sont donc de bons indicateurs. / To study the impact of environmental changes in a coastal marine ecosystem, it is necessary to use indicator species. It is crucial to understand the foraging performances that proceed from environmental changes. The aim of my thesis was to examine the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the foraging activity of the little penguins (Eudyptula minor). The thermocline allowed birds to approach optimal behaviour. However, the thermocline is an unstable element. I did not find any effect of individual characteristics on their foraging behaviour and success. My work suggests that environmental conditions are major factors that will influence the behaviour of little penguins, allowing me to conclude that little penguins are good ecological indicators.