This master‘s thesis deals with biometric fingerprint liveness detection. The theoretical part of the work describes fingerprint recognition biometric systems, fingerprint liveness detection issues and methods for fingerprint liveness detection. The practical part of the work describes proposed set of discriminant features and preprocessing of fingerprint image. Proposed approach using neural network to detect a liveness. The algorithm is tested on LivDet database comprising real and fake images acquired with tree sensors. Classification performance approximately 93% was obtained.

The master´s thesis deals with the influence of non-residential spaces of medical attendance on the price of real estate. There are discussed some basic concepts, which are necessary for understanding, and commonly used methods for valuing property according to the purpose of valuation in the theoretical part. There are analysed these methods for particular houses in the practical part – method of valuation, comparative public notice, revenues method, annuity bond. There is investigated the role of non-residential spaces in these methods. The influence of non-residential space on price of real estate is compared by each method in conclusion.

This work outlines a method of detection of the papillary line width in fingerprints. This method is one of the possible methods of liveness detection. The first part of the work with deals defining of the fingerprint, attacks on today's systems and possibilities to improve security. The next section detection describes of the papillary line width. During the process of resolving, the first thing to do was to start operation of the scanning device and to read the database for tests and experiments. An independent application was created on this purpose. Further, there were projected methods for detection and measuring of the papillary line width. Use of the Canny edge detector with the Sobel operator and the Gaussian filter proved the best. Then, there is described implementation of individual methods. The next part of the work describes and assesses the results of the tests. The last chapter summarizes the work and proposes further possibilities of development.

There are several frauds against biometric systems (BSs) and several techniques exist to secure BSs against these frauds. One of the techniques is liveness detection. To fool fingerprint sensors, latent fingerprints, dummy fingers and wafer-thin layer attached to the finger are being used. Liveness detection is being used also when scanning fingerprints. Several different characteristics of the live finger can be used to detect liveness, for example sweat, conductivity etc. In this thesis, new approach is examined. It is based on the expandability of the finger as an effect of heartbeats/pulsation. As the skin is expanding, also the distances between papillary lines are expanding. Whole finger expands approximately in range of 4,5 ľm , the distance between two neighbor papillary lines in 0,454 ľm . This value collides with wavelength of blue and green light. The result from this work is following. The resolution of the capturing device is not high enough to capture the expandability on distance between two neighbor papillary lines. Also, because of collision with wavelength, the diffraction effect is presented and the result images are influenced by this error.

This document deals with presentation of nowadays software and hardware methods used for fingerprint recognition with focus on liveness testing and thereafter it deals with description of my solution. In order to describe results obtained from study of technical literature, we discuss important terminology of biometric systems at first and further main principles of fingerprint sensors used in practice are shown. From overviewed methods of liveness detection we underline one method based on  perspiration (researched by BioSAL laboratory) and one spectroscopic method researched by Lumidigm Corporation. The study of liveness testing methods inspired me to creation of new type fingerprint sensor which has built-in livennes testing method based on two characteristic properties of living human tisue. In order to test this sensor, we discuss nowadays sensor deception method. It follows from their analysis, that newly designed sensor should be theoretically resistant to each of them.

The master´s thesis deals with analysis of the investment project insert investment in administrativ building for owner. Based on the decision whether it is appropriate to sell or lease the property, either in an existing state, or reconstructed. I describe the methodologies calculations methodologies and necessary concepts for their understanding of the concepts in the theoretical part. The practical part I can divide into administrative, market valuation methodology, the resulting values and use of the outputs in the analysis of real estate.

Hlavním přínosem této práce jsou dva nové přístupy pro zvýšení bezpečnosti biometrických systémů založených na rozpoznávání podle otisků prstů. První přístup je z oblasti testování živosti a znemožňuje použití různých typů falešných otisků prstů a jiných metod oklamání senzoru v průběhu procesu snímání otisků. Tento patentovaný přístup je založen na změně barvy a šířky papilárních linií vlivem přitlačení prstu na skleněný podklad. Výsledná jednotka pro testování živosti může být integrována do optických senzorů.  Druhý přístup je z oblasti standardizace a zvyšuje bezpečnost a interoperabilitu procesů extrakce markantů a porovnání. Pro tyto účely jsem vytvořila metodologii, která stanovuje míry sémantické shody pro extraktory markantů otisků prstů. Markanty nalezené testovanými extraktory jsou porovnávány oproti Ground-Truth markantům získaným pomocí shlukování dat poskytnutých daktyloskopickými experty. Tato navrhovaná metodologie je zahrnuta v navrhovaném dodatku k normě ISO/IEC 29109-2 (Amd. 2 WD4).

The master´s thesis deals with the influence of short-term reconstruction on the p rice of real estate. There are discussed the basic concepts, which are necessary for understanding problems, and commonly used methods for valuing property according to the purpose of valuation in the theoretical part. There are analysed these methods for particular house in the practical part – method of valuation, comparative public notice, revenues method, comparative non-promulgation method. They are investigated due to the influence of imitated reconstruction. In conclusion the influences of reconstruction methods are compared each other.