Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

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Este trabalho objetivou a caracterização dos ambientes de criação de aves poedeiras, de granjas comerciais no Estado de São Paulo, sob o ponto de vista bioclimático, tipológico e do bem-estar do trabalhador. Na primeira etapa foram selecionadas 6 granjas. Nestas granjas, escolhidas por critérios pré-estabelecidos, foram realizadas análises do ambiente de produção, com medições em loco, da concentração de amônia, do nível de pressão sonora, da temperatura e da umidade relativa do ar, e também, por meio de um levantamento quanti-qualitativo, a satisfação do trabalhador. Na segunda etapa, foi realizado um estudo de caso, com a análise bioclimática de dois sistemas de produção, sendo um piramidal 2x2 com cobertura de telhas cerâmicas e o outro piramidal 2x3 com cobertura de telhas de cimento-amianto. Como resultados foram caracterizados diferentes sistemas de produção de ovos: 1) piramidal 2x2 e 2x3, que ainda se diferenciam quanto a largura do aviário, manejo, automatização e tipo de cobertura, além de poderem ser suspensos ou diretamente no solo; 2) vertical, obrigatoriamente automatizado e com uso de ventilação mecânica, e 3) horizontal, pouco utilizado pela baixa densidade que oferece. Concluiu-se que a concentração de amônia não atingiu o nível de insalubridade indicado pela norma regulamentar NR15 (20ppm). Os maiores níveis foram encontrados nos aviários verticais, e os níveis mais baixos nos aviários suspensos. O nível de pressão sonora, embora citado por funcionários como sendo incômodo, esteve abaixo do limite de insalubridade indicado pela norma regulamentar NR15 para 8 horas de serviço (85dB). O setor de produção de ovos é pouco exigente quanto à escolaridade e experiência funcional, podendo ser considerado uma boa oportunidade para o primeiro emprego. Foi predominante o número de jovens com menos de 20 anos, do sexo masculino, com baixa incidência de doenças trabalhando nos aviários. Houve baixo índice de rejeição ao ambiente de trabalho. O setor não oferece, tampouco exige a utilização de EPI. Os sistemas avaliados na segunda etapa, quanto ao nível de pressão sonora e concentração de amônia foram considerados salubres. A avaliação bioclimática mostrou que aviários com telha cerâmica apresentaram melhores resultados. / This work aimed to characterize the rearing system environment of laying hens, of the commercial farms in the State of São Paulo, in relation to the typology, bioclimatology, and the stockmanship well-being. In the first stage, 6 farms were selected. In these farms, chosen for the previous settle criteria, was carried out analyzes of the environment by means measurements of ammonia concentration, sound pressure level, temperature and relative humidity of air and the thermal comfort index in the facilitie and also, by means of poll between the workers, was analyzed the stockmanship welfare. In the second stage, a case study was achieve, making bioclimatic analysis of two rearing systems: battery cages (pyramidal format) with 4 rows in 2 levels with ceramic roofing tiles and the pyramidal format with 6 rows in 3 levels with asbestos roofing tiles. As results, was found facilities that can be suspended or in the ground with multi tiered cages (battery cages arranged back-to-back in a pyramidal format) that differs in width, handling, automation and type of covering; 2) multi tiered in vertical arrangement (obligatorily automatic and with mechanic ventilation), and 3) single horizontal rows, poorly utilized in function of its low density. The ammonia concentration did not reach the insalubrities level, being, also below the indicated level by the NR15 (20ppm). The biggest levels were found in farms with vertical arrangements of cages and the lowest levels was observed in the farms with suspended facilities. The sound pressure level, even so cited for employees as being bothering, was inside that limits of salubrious indicated by the technique norm to eight hours of labor (85dB). The egg production sector makes few exigencies in relation to the level of schoolarity and experience, being able to be considered a good chance for the first job. The observed predominance working into facilities was of young people with less than twenty years old, male, with good health. There was low index of repulse of work environment. The sector didn't offer exigency for the IPE use. At the second stage, none of the two studied systems was considered unhealthy concerning the ammonia concentration and sound pressure level and the thermal comfort index. The bioclimatic estimate, showed that those system covered by ceramic roofing tiles had better results.

Este trabalho objetivou a caracterização dos ambientes de criação de aves poedeiras, de granjas comerciais no Estado de São Paulo, sob o ponto de vista bioclimático, tipológico e do bem-estar do trabalhador. Na primeira etapa foram selecionadas 6 granjas. Nestas granjas, escolhidas por critérios pré-estabelecidos, foram realizadas análises do ambiente de produção, com medições em loco, da concentração de amônia, do nível de pressão sonora, da temperatura e da umidade relativa do ar, e também, por meio de um levantamento quanti-qualitativo, a satisfação do trabalhador. Na segunda etapa, foi realizado um estudo de caso, com a análise bioclimática de dois sistemas de produção, sendo um piramidal 2x2 com cobertura de telhas cerâmicas e o outro piramidal 2x3 com cobertura de telhas de cimento-amianto. Como resultados foram caracterizados diferentes sistemas de produção de ovos: 1) piramidal 2x2 e 2x3, que ainda se diferenciam quanto a largura do aviário, manejo, automatização e tipo de cobertura, além de poderem ser suspensos ou diretamente no solo; 2) vertical, obrigatoriamente automatizado e com uso de ventilação mecânica, e 3) horizontal, pouco utilizado pela baixa densidade que oferece. Concluiu-se que a concentração de amônia não atingiu o nível de insalubridade indicado pela norma regulamentar NR15 (20ppm). Os maiores níveis foram encontrados nos aviários verticais, e os níveis mais baixos nos aviários suspensos. O nível de pressão sonora, embora citado por funcionários como sendo incômodo, esteve abaixo do limite de insalubridade indicado pela norma regulamentar NR15 para 8 horas de serviço (85dB). O setor de produção de ovos é pouco exigente quanto à escolaridade e experiência funcional, podendo ser considerado uma boa oportunidade para o primeiro emprego. Foi predominante o número de jovens com menos de 20 anos, do sexo masculino, com baixa incidência de doenças trabalhando nos aviários. Houve baixo índice de rejeição ao ambiente de trabalho. O setor não oferece, tampouco exige a utilização de EPI. Os sistemas avaliados na segunda etapa, quanto ao nível de pressão sonora e concentração de amônia foram considerados salubres. A avaliação bioclimática mostrou que aviários com telha cerâmica apresentaram melhores resultados. / This work aimed to characterize the rearing system environment of laying hens, of the commercial farms in the State of São Paulo, in relation to the typology, bioclimatology, and the stockmanship well-being. In the first stage, 6 farms were selected. In these farms, chosen for the previous settle criteria, was carried out analyzes of the environment by means measurements of ammonia concentration, sound pressure level, temperature and relative humidity of air and the thermal comfort index in the facilitie and also, by means of poll between the workers, was analyzed the stockmanship welfare. In the second stage, a case study was achieve, making bioclimatic analysis of two rearing systems: battery cages (pyramidal format) with 4 rows in 2 levels with ceramic roofing tiles and the pyramidal format with 6 rows in 3 levels with asbestos roofing tiles. As results, was found facilities that can be suspended or in the ground with multi tiered cages (battery cages arranged back-to-back in a pyramidal format) that differs in width, handling, automation and type of covering; 2) multi tiered in vertical arrangement (obligatorily automatic and with mechanic ventilation), and 3) single horizontal rows, poorly utilized in function of its low density. The ammonia concentration did not reach the insalubrities level, being, also below the indicated level by the NR15 (20ppm). The biggest levels were found in farms with vertical arrangements of cages and the lowest levels was observed in the farms with suspended facilities. The sound pressure level, even so cited for employees as being bothering, was inside that limits of salubrious indicated by the technique norm to eight hours of labor (85dB). The egg production sector makes few exigencies in relation to the level of schoolarity and experience, being able to be considered a good chance for the first job. The observed predominance working into facilities was of young people with less than twenty years old, male, with good health. There was low index of repulse of work environment. The sector didn't offer exigency for the IPE use. At the second stage, none of the two studied systems was considered unhealthy concerning the ammonia concentration and sound pressure level and the thermal comfort index. The bioclimatic estimate, showed that those system covered by ceramic roofing tiles had better results.

The research objective was to calibrate a model to simulate odour dispersion downwind from natural windbreaks and then, use this model to observe the effect of windbreak characteristics and climatic conditions on the size of the odour dispersion plume. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models were used for the simulations because of their capability in reproducing turbulent wind conditions. The model was initially calibrated to ensure the proper velocity recovery ratio (VRR), and then to reproduce odour plumes measured in the field by three groups of four panellists. / The visual and statistical analysis of the field panellist observations indicated that a windbreak with an optical porosity of 0.35 could reduce by 21% the length of the odour dispersion plume, as compared to a site without a windbreak. Also, these analyses indicated that the site with a windbreak offering an optical porosity of 0.55 had no significant impact on the length of the odour plume, as compared to the site without a windbreak. / The models selected for the simulations were the Fluent 6.2 standard k-epsilon and SST k-o models. Their odour dispersion calibration indicated that both models can accurately reproduce the field measured odour hedonic tone and odour concentration by transforming the odour mass fraction computed by the models into the hedonic tone with a power function, and then into the odour concentration with an exponential function. The correlations between the simulated and measured absolute HT and between the simulated and measured odour concentrations were statistically significant (P < 0.01). However, the SST k-o was preferred over the standard k-epsilon because it could physically better reproduce the high turbulence conditions created by the windbreak. / The SST k-o model simulations indicated that odour plume length was mostly affected by windbreak porosity and height, as well as distance from the source. In terms of climatic conditions, odour plume size was mostly affected for atmospheric stability conditions which generally established ambient wind speed and rate of change of temperature. Wind direction has an impact on the length of the odour plume and the formation of a fin intensifying odour concentration near the windbreak, where an angle of 45º produces the shortest odour plume and the largest fin. / Key words: Simulation; odour; dispersion; natural Windbreak; CFD.

No description available.