Living apart together (LATs) refers to individuals (couples) who are in intimate relationships and do not share the same household. Over the last two decades, LATs have become a new emerging family form in Western societies. Previous research on LATs is generally limited to small-scale surveys and qualitative studies. There are virtually no national studies on this topic using representative data. In this study, I document the incidence and trends of LATs, and provide a national profile of the individual-level characteristics that are associated with those who live in LAT relationships, as well as examine how people from a LAT union differ from those who are married, cohabiting or single. Data from the Canadian General Social Survey (Cycle 25), conducted by Statistics Canada in 2011 is used. The regression results show that LATs are not an alternative to co-residential relationships nor to singlehood. The rate of LATs is associated with age, presence of children, income, main activity, education, place of residence, religiosity and religious affiliation. The implications of these finding are discussed in the context of future families. / Graduate

This is a study of low income family expenditure patterns in urban Canada based on data contained in the National Urban Low Income Family Evaluation study. The structured interview method with open-ended questions as set up in the NULIFE study offered data gathered between January 1 to April 15, 1967. Using this data, the relationships between total family income and expenditures on shelter, food and all other expenditures were examined. This data also shows that the relationship between expenditures on shelter, food, and other basic expenses were related to family sizes of one, three, and five person families within Vancouver, Winnipeg and Halifax. Correlation coefficients yielded two negative correlations about expenditures on shelter and food, inferring a positive correlation about expenditures on all other expenses. Findings showed a relationship between income and expenditure as follows: as income increases, percentage of expenditure on shelter and food decreases. At the same time, there was an increased percentage of income spent on other categories grouped together. Relationships for different family sizes and regions indicated trends between the expenditure on shelter, food, and all other basic expenses. Public housing areas within the Winnipeg and Halifax samples influence shelter costs. The one person family had the highest percentage expenditure on shelter in all three cities, whereas the five person family generally had the highest percentage expenditure on food. The three person family had the highest percentage expenditure on all other basic expenses. The Vancouver sample generally had the highest income. With a slightly lower income than Vancouver, the Winnipeg sample had the lowest percentage expenditure on shelter and the highest on all other basic expenses. Halifax, with the lowest income had the highest percentage expenditure on shelter, generally the highest on food, and the lowest percentage expenditure on all other basic expenses. This project has limited value due to the fact that the computer did not produce data such as age and composition of family units which might have yielded more detailed information. / Arts, Faculty of / Social Work, School of / Graduate

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston University / This quasi-experimental study was undertaken to determine the effect of context on learning a functional living skill for individuals with cognitive deficits associated with the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Forty-six people (ages 27-62) with non-paranoid schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were matched on cognitive level (Allen Cognitive Level Screen- 90, Allen, Kerberg, & Bums, 1992), cooking experience, and living situation (group home or apartment). They were then randomly assigned to one of two treatment conditions, clinic or home. All participants were evaluated and taught basic cooking skills in either the clinic or their homes. Finally, all participants were evaluated in their homes. Both groups scored significantly higher after cooking lessons (t=5.57, df = 21, p<.0001 for those in the clinic; t = 7.81. df = 21, p<.0002 for those learning at home); there was no significant difference between the two groups in where the learning took place (B = -1.8, df = 42, p<0.23). Those who learned in the clinic scored lower than the home group when tested at home (t = -2.07, df = 42, p<.0489) although this result must be accepted with caution because of a significant difference between the two groups on the first assessment of cooking skill. Additional questions yielded the following: there was a positive correlation between cognitive level and cooking skill (df = 44, r =.55, p <.001); there was a positive correlation between cognitive level and transfer of learning (df = 21, F = 52.49, p < .0000); no significant correlation was found between amount of practice and increase in cooking skill ( df = 27, r = .256, r2 = .066). People with cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia can learn a specific functional living skill in different contexts. Qualitative aspects of those contexts are discussed. Further research is recommended to describe/understand transfer of learning from one context to another. Cognitive level is highly correlated with both ability to learn and ability to transfer learning. Additional research is recommended to adequately describe the effect of practice on learning a functional living skill. Implications for treatment and suggestions for clinical research are presented.

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Assisted living means to undergo drastic changes in life. Most significant is the change from a familiar domestic environment to a care based situation that includes incremental levels of medical support, often in spaces that are modeled after hospitals. The core of this thesis is grounded in the believe that an architectural familiarity of space should be retained, whereas the overall architecture should be able to silently absorb the necessities of medical support. As a place of habitat, the constellation of rooms proposes for an individual to quickly develop a new community that analogous to the typical domestic communities. / Master of Architecture / The population of the elderly is very large in today's society, which results in urgent needs of assisted living institutions. But some design of assisted living institutions tend to be similar to hospitals, which can not provide comfortable living environment for the elderly. Therefore, the thesis focus to find a possible way for the assisted living institution design to meet both the medical needs and the living needs of the elderly. The main idea is to build a small community for the elderly where they can have their daily life as usual and to provide necessary medical care which will be separated from the living part.

This thesis project is about the educational process of design by which one learns to see the human potential in the situation of the built environment. That I believe is the universal message of this work communicated through the language of architecture. In terms of the local conditions, the project seeks to achieve this through reintroducing the architectural heritage of the city of Salt Jordan to its local and foreign audiences, engendering new appreciation for its history. / Master of Architecture

This thesis is an exercise in ideas of two realms, theoretical and practical, and an effort to mix the two to create architecture. The theoretical thesis is exemplified in the pairings of photos seen on the bottom of each page, taken from Second View: The Rephotographic Survey Project. As the reader examines the pairs of photos changes over time can be seen in each. Typically the greatest changes are manifestations of man's existence. I have treated this as a point of departure for the technical thesis of Permanence and Temporality. Man's temporal existence creates permanent reminders in the permanent structure of the earth. This thesis explores the nature of permanence and temporality in materials and uses them to express the classic dichotomy of service and served. As a practical thesis the project focuses on providing better urban living through natural light, natural ventilation, and the provisions for community and interaction with nature. A modification of Le Corbusier's Unite d'Habitation was explored by narrowing the building to bring natural light further into the unit while widening the unit to get natural light and ventilation even to the service spaces. / Master of Architecture

Purpose To describe outcomes of community partnerships for promoting healthy active living among families with young children in the ReadNPlay for a Bright Future Project. Methods ReadNPlay for a Bright Future was developed through grant support from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and Metlife Foundation awarded to the East Tennessee State University Department of Pediatrics and Tennessee AAP Chapter. ReadNPlay is a coordinated, multi-level, multi-component initiative promoting healthy active living among families with young children during infant-toddler health supervision visits and in childcare and other community settings. The project site is located in rural southern Appalachia, an area of the country with a high prevalence of obesity. Materials and messages developed by the project team were finalized during a community forum with stakeholders held in Northeast Tennessee in fall 2012. Four themes emerged as a focus for the initiative: Play More: Shut off the Screen, Play Together: Be Active as a Family, Fuel to Play: Eat Healthy, and Play Safely. Partnerships with the regional children's hospital, childcare providers, health department, public libraries, and farmers' markets were supported through on-going communication via email, social media, and individual meetings. Availability of two $750 pediatric resident mini-grants and structure afforded by the residency program's existing community pediatrics rotation facilitated development and implementation of community initiatives for this project. Results Project posters displayed in community settings, use of social media, and periodic community events are reinforcing efforts to promote healthy active living in the clinical setting. A new event for families with infants/toddlers was added to the children's hospital annual Kids Run, involving over 120 families during the first year. Walk N' Rollers received free Reach Out and Read books and were surprised at the sugar content of juice and other beverages displayed in sippy cups as part of a “Sugar Quiz.” Information disseminated through regional child care centers will promote participation in a summer Walk N' Roll program in addition to this annual event. At a regional childcare provider conference, ReadNPlay workshops with over 100 infant-toddler teachers and 40 families were conducted and information on Tennessee's “Gold Sneaker” designation for compliance with state nutrition and physical activity policies was shared (only 6% of local centers are designated). During summer 2013, 75 families are being provided with $10 farmers' market vouchers at their 12-15 month well child visit to encourage consumption of fruits and vegetables. 18-month statistics on social media reach, walking program participation, new Gold Sneaker designations, and farmers' market program participation will be presented. Conclusion This presentation will illustrate how pediatric residency programs and practitioners may partner with existing community organizations and initiatives to promote healthy active living in families with young children.