Thesis--Hamburg. / Lebenslauf. "Literaturverzeichnis": p. 73-77.

Thesis--Hamburg. / Lebenslauf. "Literaturverzeichnis": p. 73-77.

Since 1999 the Deutsches Archäologisches Institut and the National Archaeology Unit of Bolivia have been investigating conjointly habitation mounds in the southeast of the Llanos de Mojos (Dept. Beni). The present study considers data from excavations at the site Loma of Salvatierra, with special reference to differences in the use of space and the discovery of an exceptionally "rich"  tomb. These new data contribute to the general discussion of the existence of complex societies in Prehispanic Amazonia. / Desde 1999, el Deutsches Archäologisches Institut y la Unidad Nacional de Arqueología de Bolivia dirigen un proyecto arqueológico de manera conjunta para efectuar investigaciones en montículos habitacionales del sureste de los Llanos de Mojos (departamento del Beni). En este trabajo se presentan datos obtenidos de excavaciones en el sitio de Loma Salvatierra, con énfasis en el uso espacial dentro del sitio y el hallazgo de una tumba excepcionalmente "rica". Estos datos contribuyen a la discusión general sobre la existencia de sociedades complejas en la Amazonía prehispánica.

Doctor en filosofía, mención estética y teoría del arte / La reflexión en torno al arte y la estética del profesor Fidel Sepúlveda Llanos (1936 -2006), pese a su relevancia y originalidad, no se encuentra sistematizada como tal. Hasta el día de hoy, tal pensamiento permanece diseminado dentro de la prolífica cantidad de ensayos y artículos que el profesor Sepúlveda escribió estando en vida. A partir de tal hecho, surge la inquietud de intentar una primera sistematización de este desarrollo teórico, fundamentalmente en torno a un tópico capital dentro la obra de Sepúlveda y que funciona a manera de eje: la obra de arte. La perspectiva de la obra de arte creemos que se constituye en una de las más prolíficas posibilidades de abordar un pensamiento complejo como el de Sepúlveda, visualizando su reflexión estética como un discurso en torno a la obra, su estatuto, condición y proyecciones. Desde esta perspectiva, vinculamos la teoría estética de Sepúlveda con otros desarrollos que también han cuestionado el concepto de obra de arte occidental, análisis que nos permite por lo demás poner en común manifestaciones que usualmente permanecen desvinculadas entre sí (por ejemplo, algunas expresiones del arte contemporáneo y otras de la cultura tradicional). Por último, y siguiendo la 10 intención de relacionar la reflexión de Sepúlveda con otros desarrollos y visiones que la completen y complementen, se intenta vislumbrar qué filiaciones teóricas aparecen como más relevantes dentro del pensamiento del profesor chileno, deteniéndonos en aquellos conceptos y temas que comparten y que son claves para entender y dimensionar su pensamiento estético. Complementario a lo anterior, se analizará cómo tales planteamientos foráneos se pueden relacionar con la reflexión en torno al arte y cultura latinoamericanos, sus potencialidades y limitaciones.

The Llanos foreland basin of Colombia is located along the eastern margin of the northern Andes. The Llanos basin is bounded to the north by the Mérida Andes, to the east by the Guiana shield, to the south by the Serrania de la Macarena, and to the west by the frontal foothills thrust system of the Andes (the Cordillera Oriental). The Llanos foreland basin originated in the Maastrichtian, after a post-rift period during the Mesozoic, and recorded an abrupt pulse of middle Miocene subsidence possibly in response to subduction and collision events along the Pacific margin of northwestern South America. Regional east-west shortening, driven in part by collision of the Panama arc along the Pacific margin of Colombia, has built the widest part of the northern Andes. This wide area (~600 km) includes a prominent arcuate thrust salient, the Cordillera Oriental, which overthrusts the Llanos foreland along a broad V-shaped salient that projects 40 km over the northern Llanos foreland basin. In this study, I interpret 1200 km of 2D seismic data tied to 18 wells and regional potential fields (gravity and magnetic) data. Interpreted seismic data are organized into four regional (300 to 400-km-long) transects spanning the thrust salient area of the northern Llanos basin. I performed 2D flexural modeling on the four transects in order to understand the relative contributions of flexural subsidence due to tectonic and sedimentary loading. Sedimentary backstripping was applied to the observed structure maps of six Eocene to Pleistocene interpreted horizons in the foreland basin in order to remove the effects of sedimentary and water loading. Regional subsidence curves show an increase in the rate of tectonic subsidence in the thrust salient sector of the foreland basin during the middle to late Miocene. The flexural models predict changes in the middle Miocene to recent position of the eastern limit of foreland basin sediments as well as the changing location and vertical relief of the flexurally controlled forebulge. Production areas of light oil in the thrust belt and foreland basin are located either south of the thrust salient (Cusiana, Castilla, Rubiales oilfields) or north of the salient (Guafita-Caño Limon, Arauca oilfields) but not directly adjacent to the salient apex where subsidence, source rock thicknesses, and fracturing were predicted by a previous study to be most favorable for hydrocarbons. There are no reported light oil accumulations focused on the predicted present or past positions of the forebulge, but detailed comparisons of seismic reflection data with model predictions may reveal stratigraphic onlap and/or wedging relationships that could provide possible traps for hydrocarbons. / text

Recent discoveries about pre-Columbian societies in the Amazon have revolutionized the way researchers think about the environment, and the degree of interaction that humans have with their surroundings. New evidence indicates that ancient Amazonian populations were not only much larger and more complex than previously thought, but they were also modifying their environment and creating artificial landscapes. Although information about pre-Columbian cultures can be gained from archaeological excavations and historical accounts, the advent of new technology allows archaeologists to conduct research remotely. Earthworks were constructed by pre-Hispanic peoples to create higher ground for occupation and agriculture, as an adaptation to the annual flooding of the Llanos de Mojos in the Bolivian Amazon. Over the centuries, patches of forest have grown on these earthworks due to their higher elevation and drier soils. By mapping these 'forest islands' using the satellite imagery from Google Earth and transferring the data into Quantum GIS, spatial patterns between the geographical features have been analyzed to reveal relationships between pre-Columbian earthworks, natural and artificial landscape features, and settlement patterns. This research supports theories of large and complex pre-Columbian populations in the Bolivian Amazon. Patterns between the different size, shape, and location of forest islands show a correlation between specific types of forest islands and water sources, which indicates that pre-Columbian societies were constructing earthworks based on function and distance to water.

Throughout Amazonia, earthworks are found in areas of diverse linguistic and ethnic backgrounds. The distribution of these earthworks within various linguistic and ethnic areas suggests a multiethnic or multilinguistic network, in which interaction between these diverse groups occurred, creating diverse communities. Movement and communication within Amazonia along river networks allowed for this interaction. Interaction between groups in Amazonia may have also influenced the different methods of landscape modification. This thesis presents a GIS-based spatial analysis of raised fields, a type of agricultural earthwork found throughout the Llanos de Mojos (Mojos), located in the Beni Department of Bolivia. The distribution of fields, forest islands, and rivers was analyzed to distinguish the relationship between these features in the study area. The spatial analysis distinguished patterns between raised fields found along two sets of rivers, the Iruyañez and Omi Rivers, and the Yacuma and Rapulo Rivers. Spatial patterns found within these distributions were also compared to the distribution of linguistic groups in the area. Among these patterns, it is seen that one kind of agricultural earthwork is found in areas associated with different linguistic groups. The spatial patterns found among the raised fields and forest islands in relation to the linguistic groups in the area demonstrate the fluidity between groups in the region. Insight to movement and communication in Mojos can be understood through the interaction between linguistic groups and the distribution of archaeological features in the region.

<p> Satellite data from GOES and LANDSAT where evaluated as a source of information for hydrologic distributed models applied to large watersheds. Three basins within the Llanos area of the Orinoco River basin, Venezuela, were selected as study areas. The specific objectives of the study were; (1) To test the applicability of meteorological satellite data for improving information on the temporal and areal distribution of precipitation,as well as estimates of amount over large areas. (2) To investigate photographic and digital LANDSAT data as a source of land surface information for hydrologic distributed models. The satellite and ground data used in this research were: (1) GOES WEFAX electrostatic facsimiles, (2) LANDSAT photographic and digital data, (3) Reports and maps on soil studies by Desarrollo Industrial Agricola C.A (1958) and Comerma and Luque (1971). </p> <p> The analysis of the data was carried out by visual analysis on the photographic products of GOES and LANDSAT using r·egular photo-interpretation techniques. GOES photographic data allowed the analysis of temporal and areal distribution of precipitation over large areas. Follansbe's (1973) method for estimating precipitation using satellite imagery was found potentially applicable to hydrologic distributed models. Variations to the method are suggested. </p> <p> The visual analysis of a single LANDSAT image allowed the mapping of broad land-cover classes and some soil characteristics in the study area. Analysis of the multidate imagery was found very useful in detecting seasonal and non-seasonal changes. </p> <p> Digital analysis of LANDSAT data was carried out on the Image 100 system at the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing in Ottawa. Contrast stretched images and breakpoint enhancement supervised and unsupervised classifications were produced.The results showed that LANDSAT digital analysis either by unsupervised or supervised classification can be used for the extraction of land-use/land-cover information for application in hydrologic distributed models. </p> / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Lengua y Literatura Hispánica mención Literatura

Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero en Recursos Naturales Renovables / La calidad del agua en Chile por largo tiempo ha sido catalogada mediante el uso de variables fisicoquímicas como: Conductividad eléctrica, Sólidos disueltos, Temperatura, pH, Oxigeno disuelto, nutrientes, entre otras. Actualmente a estas variables se han incorporado las biológicas (comunidades acuáticas) como bioindicadores, debido a que permiten representar los eventos continuos que ocurren en el recurso hídrico. En esta memoria se analizaron variables fisicoquímicas y biológicas de siete aguadas del Parque Nacional Llanos de Challe, con el fin de obtener la calidad ambiental que posee cada una de ellas. Puesto que son utilizadas por la comunidad más grande de Lama guanicoe (guanacos) que se desarrolla en la zona norte del país. Para este análisis, se utilizaron los rangos entregados por la guía CONAMA (2005) en el caso de las variables fisicoquímicas, y cinco índices biológicos para el caso de las variables biológicas. La diversidad de índices utilizados en el análisis biológico permite dar soporte a los resultados obtenidos, ya que tanto los índices utilizados para el análisis de fitobentos como para el análisis de macrozoobentos son categóricos. El resultado obtenido señala que la calidad de las aguadas no es óptima para el uso animal, puesto que los valores corresponden de regular a mala, disminuyendo su calidad durante la estacionalidad seca. El uso de bioindicadores para catalogar la calidad del agua es de gran utilidad, puesto que su aplicación es simple, económica y posibilita conocer el estado ecológico del recurso hídrico. La única dificultad es que se debe contar con la experiencia para identificar los correspondientes taxa a los que pertenecen los individuos del fitobentos y macrozoobentos. / Water quality in Chile has been classified through the use of physical and chemical variables such as: Electric conductivity, Dissolved solids, Temperature, pH, Solved oxygen, Nutrients, among others. Currently these variables have been incorporated with biological ones (aquatic communities) as bioindicators due to they allow to represent the constant events occurring in the hydric resource. In this thesis physical, chemical and biological variables were analyzed from seven spring seepages in Llanos de Chile National park, in order to obtain the environmental quality in each one of them, since they are used by the largest community of Lama Guanicoe (guanacos) settled in the northern area of Chile. For this analysis we use the range given by the CONAMA booklet (2005) when dealing with physicochemical variables and five biological index in case of the biological variables. The diversity of the ranges used in the biological analysis gives support to the obtained results, as both ranges used for the analysis of phytobenthos and those used for macrozoobenthos analysis are categorical. The result indicates that the quality of the water sources are not optimal for animal use, since the values go from fair to poor, reducing its quality during dry seasons. The use of bioindicators in order to classify the water quality is extremely useful because its application is simple, economical and makes possible to know the ecological status of water resources. The only difficulty is that you must have the relevant experience to identify the taxa to which the subjects in the phytobenthos and macrozoobenthos belong