This thesis focuses on liberal peace building in the DRC. The thesis takes a critical approach which emphasises local agencies and their engagements with liberal peace building. However, it seeks to bring this critique back to the institutions with which liberal peace building is preoccupied, by focusing on the hidden local that operates within these institutions. This approach seeks to give new meaning to processes of institution building without rendering institutions irrelevant as a top-down approach. Focusing on the first legislature of the Congolese Third Republic (2006-2011) this thesis provides a case study of how local agencies consume liberal democracy within the National Assembly, and make it their own. It discusses current liberal peace building practices as a process of mutual disengagement, in which both the local and liberal intervention seek to disengage from each other. Although this results in a lack of legitimacy of the peace building project both locally as well as with liberal interventions, it also creates hybrid space in which local agencies consume liberal democracy. The thesis conceptualises these local agencies as being convivial, in other words, they are enabled by people's relations. The thesis therefore focuses on MPs relations with their electorate, as well as with the executive and other MPs in their party or ruling coalition. In through these interactions local agencies consume liberal democracy – it is accepted, rejected, diverted, substituted, etc. The thesis concludes that through these practices of consumption local agencies negotiate liberal democracy. The liberal democratic framework is kept intact, but it is not enabled to function as foreseen, because local agencies are responsive to a moral matrix of the father-family. However, the liberal democratic framework itself provides new tools through which local agencies also renegotiate the unwritten rules of the moral matrix of the father-family.

&ldquo / New paradigm of disability&rdquo / relates not only to persons but also to the environment they are living in. Therefore recent studies concentrate on the dynamic interplay of the persons and the environment, rather than rather than studying them as separate entities. This approach has revealed that disabled people become handicapped when they face with barriers restricting or impeding their activities in daily life. Physical, cultural and social barriers have been undertaken by many countries after substantial debate. In the United Kingdom and Japan for instance, disability and accessibility issues have been tackled with reference to disabled people&rsquo / s demands and long-tem struggles against discriminatory implementations in the past. In these countries, whilst disability issue has been discussed, accessibility legislation including numerous measurements for implementation has been enacted and a considerable progress for removing barriers and providing accessibility in the built environment has been experienced through many institutional instruments. In Turkey, although there are now a lot of legislative measurements for accessibility, little progress is observed in recent years. Barriers in the built environment are still restricting, and even hindering full participation of disabled v people to social life. The problem of inaccessibility is seen related to practice rather than legislation or theoretical frameworks in Turkey. Since they are a part of the bureaucratic system having responsibility on the planning and designing of built environment, local agencies with their administrative and technical staff and organisation gain importance in terms of maintaining accessibility to the disabled. The study aims to provide information about attitudes of local agencies towards disability and accessibility in terms of practitioners rather than users. This study interrogates the knowledge level and outlooks of the related personnel and works of local agencies about disability and accessibility.

Confrontés depuis plusieurs années à des mutations à la fois sociétales, technologiques, concurrentielles et juridiques, les établissements bancaires se voient dans la nécessité de revoir tant la stratégie d’implantation de leurs réseaux d’agences que le modèle de l’agence lui-même. Les banques coopératives sont particulièrement concernées par ce défi en ceci qu’elles ont construit leur modèle organisationnel sur un vaste réseau de caisses locales profondément enraciné dans les territoires. Touchées par un phénomène de banalisation résultant de l’hybridation progressive de leur modèle, elles aspirent aujourd’hui à reconquérir leur identité en inscrivant les sociétaires au coeur d’une relation bancaire articulant ancrage territorial et modernité. Nous nous interrogeons dès lors sur les déterminants de cette nouvelle relation de proximité en contexte bancaire coopératif. Pour ce faire, nous nous appuyons sur un cadre théorique articulé autour des théories de la proximité que nous confrontons à la réalité du terrain. Notre recherche nous amène à rencontrer des parties prenantes appartenant à la sphère locale (sociétaires, chargés de clientèle, administrateurs, directeurs de caisses) et au noyau stratégique (secrétaire général). Les résultats sont par ailleurs issus de l’analyse statistique d’un questionnaire administré à 982 jeunes sociétaires du Crédit Mutuel de Bretagne. Nous en venons finalement à défendre la thèse selon laquelle la complexification des attributs de la proximité doit amener le management à réinventer les relations entre les sociétaires et la banque de réseau traditionnelle tout en veillant à ne pas s’enfermer dans une logique d’isomorphisme institutionnel qui semble pourtant être déjà bien amorcée. / Facing for several years with societal, technological, competitive and legal mutations, banking institutions see the need to review both the strategy of their retail bank network implantation and the model of the branch itself. Cooperative banks are particularly concerned by this challenge in that they have built their organizational model on a vast network of local agencies deeply rooted in the territories. Affected by a phenomenon of banalization resulting from the progressive hybridization of their model, they aspire today to regain their identity by inscribing their members at the heart of a banking relationship centered on territorial anchoring and modernity. We are therefore pondering about the determinants of this new proximity relationship in a cooperative banking context. To do this, we rely on a theoretical framework articulated around the theories of proximity that we confront with the actual situation. Our research has brought us to meet stakeholders in the local sphere (members, collaborators, administrators and branches managers) and the strategic core (general secretary). The results are also derived from the statistical analysis of a questionnaire survey carried out among 982 young members of Crédit Mutuel de Bretagne. Finally, we argue that the complexity of the attributes of proximity must lead management to reinvent the relations between members and the traditional retail bank, while ensuring that they don’t lock themselves into an institutional isomorphism which seems to be already well underway.