The thesis is focused on local currencies. In response to the current economic crisis, there is a renaissance of interest in the local currencies round the world. The local currency is seen as a useful tool for promoting economic growth. In this work, we concluded that their success is conditioned by several factors. The German local currency Chiemgauer was studied as it serves as an example for other local currencies. I described the Czech relevant discourse and proposed terminology. Further, I presented an overview of complementary currencies in the Czech Republic. The planned local currency of the town of Uvaly (which should be the first genuine local currency in the Czech Republic) was analyzed. Based on the calculated local multiplier I identified potential for a successful role of this forthcoming local currency.

On oppose traditionnellement les emplois industriels et les emplois de services. L’interpénétration croissante de l’industrie et des services rend cependant cette distinction de plus en plus inopérante. À l’heure de la globalisation, il apparaît en revanche pertinent de distinguer les emplois exposés à la concurrence internationale de ceux qui en sont abrités, que l’on trouve à la fois dans l’industrie et dans les services. Cette thèse analyse dans un premier temps les évolutions et les caractéristiques des emplois exposés et abrités en France. Quels sont les emplois exposés et abrités ? Se distinguent-ils en termes de qualifications, salaires, évolutions de la productivité ? Comment sont-ils répartis sur le territoire ? Elle étudie ensuite les interdépendances entre ces deux catégories d’emplois, en évaluant empiriquement l’effet d’entraînement de l’emploi exposé sur l’emploi abrité au niveau des zones d’emploi de France métropolitaine. L’étude s’intéresse enfin à un échantillon de salariés licenciés suite à la fermeture d’un site de production. Elle tente de déterminer si le risque de licenciement, et les coûts qui lui sont associés, sont plus élevés dans le secteur exposé que dans le secteur abrité. / The distinction between manufacturing and service jobs has lost some of its relevance due to the growing interpenetration between industrial and service activities. On the other hand, globalization has made it increasingly necessary to distinguish between jobs exposed to international competition (tradable jobs) and those not exposed to it (non-tradable jobs), found in primary, secondary and tertiary sectors. This thesis begins by analyzing the developments and characteristics of tradable and non-tradable employment in France. Which jobs are tradable and which are non-tradable? Are they different in terms of skills, wages, and productivity? How are they distributed around the country? It then studies the interdependencies between these two categories of employment, making an empirical evaluation of the local multiplier effect of tradable jobs on non-tradable jobs in French local labor markets. Lastly, the thesis focuses on workers laid off due to firm closure. It sets out to determine whether the risk of job displacement, and the associated costs, are higher in the tradable sector than in the non-tradable sector.

The main theme of this work is the local food and local multiplier, which is an indicator of sustainable development. The aim of this indicator and as well as this work is to determine how much local money stay in this area. By way of local food is outlined the impact of the economic localization on social, environmental and also economic aspects of sustainability. The theoretical part covers topics such as the Anthropocene, globalization, economic growth, localization and promotion of local food in the Czech Republic. Further is described the local multiplier and its use. The research includes a brief assessment of the situation of sales of local food in Pilsen and in particular, the calculations of local multiplier of farm shop in Pilsen. Furthermore this method and the results are evaluated. The thesis is combination of social and cultural ecology and Keynesianism with emphasis on the concept of the multiplier. Firstly, the aim is to calculate the value of the local multiplier and also evaluate the use of this tool. Since assuming positive influence of the farm shop on the local economy, the result of the indicator could be another argument for strengthening efforts in promoting local food and localization.