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With the advent of wireless sensor technologies becoming more and more common-place in wearable devices and smartphones, indoor localization is becoming a heavily researched topic. One such application for this topic is in the medical field where wireless sensor devices that are capable of monitoring patient vitals and giving accurate location estimations allow for a less intrusive environment for nursing home patients. This project explores the usage of using received signal strength indication (RSSI) in conjunction with an inertial navigation system (INS) to provide location estimations without the use of GPS in a Particle Filter with a small development microcontroller and base station. The paper goes over the topics used in this thesis and the results.

With the increasing number of small Uncrewed Aerial Systems (sUAS) in the airspace, the need for robust Detect and Avoid (DAA) technologies is clear. This is especially true when considering the potential for non-cooperative aircraft with unknown intent. Many UAS use high resolution cameras to perform omnidirectional scans of their nearby airspace to localize traffic. These scans can be quite computationally expensive and often necessitate the use of costly and heavy hardware components. Ground-based solutions such as centralized, stationary towers are often expensive, difficult to proliferate, and have the disadvantage of not being onboard the aircraft and as such not always local to the airspace conflict. A feasibility exploration of acoustic detection and localization of non-cooperative aircraft using a low-cost microphone array, computationally inexpensive beamforming algorithms, and filtering techniques, is performed. The cost of the system is minimized by utilizing widely proliferated microphone hardware originally designed for short-range voice detection, as well as a small Uncrewed Aerial Systems (sUAS) from a developmental kit. Lastly, an exploration is conducted to maximize the detection range of the microphone system. A comparison of filtering techniques to try to filter sUAS self-noise is compared to alternative methods such as a ballistic sampling period where the motors of the sUAS are momentarily turned off to reduce noise. A final recommendation of a multi-sensor suite of microphones, cameras, along with other potential sensors, is determined. / Master of Science / As the number of drones increases throughout many industries, safe usage becomes very important. Industries such as search and rescue, infrastructure surveying, package delivery, and more, all have novel uses for drones that could change the way those industries operate. It is easy to imagine the benefit of same-day shipping with package-carrying drones, the quick location of a missing person by a search and rescue drone, and so on. However, obstacles such as buildings, trees, and other air traffic pose an obvious risk. Current methods to detect other aircraft often rely on cameras onboard the aircraft to spot nearby traffic. Other methods include using centralized stations on the ground to relay information about positioning between cooperating aircraft. These technologies provide functionality, but often can be expensive, heavy, require computers with large processing power, or assume the cooperation of the aircraft. An analysis of audio based detection of nearby drones is conducted. The microphones used were originally intended for use in home applications as a voice assistant. Programming techniques were used to listen and identify the sound of a nearby drone. Depending on the location of the drone, its sound would arrive to the microphones in unique time delays, providing a method of estimating the drone's position. Testing was performed on the ground and in the air to analyze the distance at which this microphone group could find a drone. Ultimately, a recommendation for the inclusion of microphones in a suite of sensors was made.

<p> P. Gabriel constructed rings of quotients by inverting elements of multiplicative sets which satisfy the Ore and the reversibility conditions. We employ this technique in our study of localizations of non-noetherian rings at Goldie semiprime ideals. The three types of clans developed in this thesis enable us to decompose in a unique fashion (weakly) classical sets of prime ideals into (weak) clans which, in essence, are minimal localizable sets of prime ideals, satisfying certain properties. We further show that these (weak) clans are mutually disjoint sets. The different types of rings, brought into consideration, exhibit many interesting properties in the context of our localization theory.</p> <p> We characterize the AR-property for the Jacobson radical of a semilocal ring by considering finitely generated modules. In the study of rings which are module-finite over their centres, we describe expressly the injective hull of the semilocal ring modulo its Jacobson radical. These two facts enable us to establish an interrelationship between the (strongly) classical semiprime ideals of the ring and those of its central subring. Furthermore, we show that under certain conditions the Q-sets are precisely all the minimal localizable sets of prime ideals of the ring. In the case of group rings, the flatness condition can be lifted without jeopardizing the validity of the assertion.</p> <p> Lastly, we apply localization technique to characterize the group theoretic notion of q-nilpotency.</p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)