O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar quais conhecimentos e práticas são adotados em ambiente escolar em relação à lógica matemática e ao raciocínio lógico. Na abordagem metodológica foi discutido sobre as linhas de pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa e optado pela pesquisa qualitativa por meio de análise de questionários aplicados aos voluntários. Foram aplicados três questionários aos professores da Rede Estadual de Ensino em um Município do Sudoeste do Paraná, que ministram a disciplina de Matemática nas séries finais do Ensino Fundamental e/ou no Ensino Médio. Por meio desta pesquisa foi possível, e por intermédio de inferência, observar que todos os professores que se permitiram ser pesquisados têm formação na área em que atuam e que, indiferente disso, possuem conhecimentos superficiais sobre os temas pesquisados. Foi igualmente possível, observar uma despreocupação por parte do currículo em relação ao ensino da lógica nos níveis de ensino citados e também no currículo da graduação em Matemática. / The present study aims to analyze which knowledge and practices are adopted in school environment in relation to mathematical logics and logical reasoning. In its methodological approach the lines of qualitative and quantitative research were discussed and it was opted for qualitative research by means of the analysis of questionnaires applied to volunteers. Three questionnaires were applied to teachers of the State Education Network in a city of southwestern Paraná, who teach mathematics for the final grades of Elementary and / or High School. By means of this research it was possible, by way of inference, to observe that all the teachers who allowed themselves to be surveyed have had experience in the area in which they work and, regardless of that, have superficial knowledge about the subjects researched. It was also possible to observe a lack of concern on the part of the curriculum regarding the teaching of logics within the mentioned levels of education and the curriculum of Mathematics undergraduation.

O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar quais conhecimentos e práticas são adotados em ambiente escolar em relação à lógica matemática e ao raciocínio lógico. Na abordagem metodológica foi discutido sobre as linhas de pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa e optado pela pesquisa qualitativa por meio de análise de questionários aplicados aos voluntários. Foram aplicados três questionários aos professores da Rede Estadual de Ensino em um Município do Sudoeste do Paraná, que ministram a disciplina de Matemática nas séries finais do Ensino Fundamental e/ou no Ensino Médio. Por meio desta pesquisa foi possível, e por intermédio de inferência, observar que todos os professores que se permitiram ser pesquisados têm formação na área em que atuam e que, indiferente disso, possuem conhecimentos superficiais sobre os temas pesquisados. Foi igualmente possível, observar uma despreocupação por parte do currículo em relação ao ensino da lógica nos níveis de ensino citados e também no currículo da graduação em Matemática. / The present study aims to analyze which knowledge and practices are adopted in school environment in relation to mathematical logics and logical reasoning. In its methodological approach the lines of qualitative and quantitative research were discussed and it was opted for qualitative research by means of the analysis of questionnaires applied to volunteers. Three questionnaires were applied to teachers of the State Education Network in a city of southwestern Paraná, who teach mathematics for the final grades of Elementary and / or High School. By means of this research it was possible, by way of inference, to observe that all the teachers who allowed themselves to be surveyed have had experience in the area in which they work and, regardless of that, have superficial knowledge about the subjects researched. It was also possible to observe a lack of concern on the part of the curriculum regarding the teaching of logics within the mentioned levels of education and the curriculum of Mathematics undergraduation.

With the rapid development of information technology, data availability is improved greatly. Data may be accessed at anytime by people from any location. However,threats to data security and privacy arise as one of the major problems of the development of information systems, especially those information systems which contain personal information. An association database is a personal information system which contains associations between persons. In this thesis, we identify the security and privacy problems of association databases. In order to solve these problems, we propose a new security and privacy model for association databases equipped with both direct access control and inference control mechanisms. In this model, there are multiple criteria including, not only confidentiality, but also privacy and other aspects of security to classify the association. The methods used in the system are: The direct access control method is based on the mandatory model; The inference control method is based on both logic reasoning and probabilistic reasoning (Belief Networks). My contributions to security and privacy model for association databases and to inference control in the model include: Identification of security and privacy problems in association databases; Formal definition of association database model; Representation association databases as directed multiple graphs; Development of axioms for direct access control; Specification of the unauthorized inference problem; A method for unauthorized inference detection and control that includes: Development of logic inference rules and probabilistic inference rule; Application of belief networks as a tool for unauthorized inference detection and control.

With the rapid development of information technology, data availability is improved greatly. Data may be accessed at anytime by people from any location. However,threats to data security and privacy arise as one of the major problems of the development of information systems, especially those information systems which contain personal information. An association database is a personal information system which contains associations between persons. In this thesis, we identify the security and privacy problems of association databases. In order to solve these problems, we propose a new security and privacy model for association databases equipped with both direct access control and inference control mechanisms. In this model, there are multiple criteria including, not only confidentiality, but also privacy and other aspects of security to classify the association. The methods used in the system are: The direct access control method is based on the mandatory model; The inference control method is based on both logic reasoning and probabilistic reasoning (Belief Networks). My contributions to security and privacy model for association databases and to inference control in the model include: Identification of security and privacy problems in association databases; Formal definition of association database model; Representation association databases as directed multiple graphs; Development of axioms for direct access control; Specification of the unauthorized inference problem; A method for unauthorized inference detection and control that includes: Development of logic inference rules and probabilistic inference rule; Application of belief networks as a tool for unauthorized inference detection and control.