Thesis (M.A.)--University of Notre Dame, 2004. / Thesis directed by Scott E. Maxwell for the Department of Psychology. "July 2004." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-136).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 122 p.; also contains graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Joseph, Dept. of Statistics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-122).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Lehigh University, 1999. / Includes vita. Bibliography: leaves 109-112.

Thesis (Ph. D.) -- Virginia Commonwealth University, 2006. / Prepared for: Dept. of Biostatistics. Bibliography: leaves 96-101. Also available online.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Baylor University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 190-201).

Orientador: Eliane Heiser de Freitas Marques / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação Cientifica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-23T04:14:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Baia_LusaneLeao_M.pdf: 1894820 bytes, checksum: c819ddd81bc3e730d50d63289eee9256 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1997 / Resumo: A realização deste trabalho tem por finalidade apresentar aplicações práticas do método das equações de estimação generalizadas (EEG), como uma nova alternativa para análise de dados. A proposta inclui breve resumo da teoria, descreve programas computacionais existentes e apresenta análise de dois conjuntos de dados reais. A intenção é colocar ao alcance do profissional de estatistica mais uma ferramenta para análise de dados complexos, aplicando a metodologia em dois conjuntos de dados do Hospital de Clínicas (HC) da Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp. Por se tratar de um assunto que envolve uma teoria mais complexa, as EEG têm sido mais usadas e descritas em revistas científicas teóricas, dificultando o uso das mesmas por pesquisadores de outras áreas nos seus dados de pesquisa. A motivação deste trabalho foi estudar esta técnica e fazer aplicações que respondessem questões resultantes de dados levantados por profissionais de saúde brasileiros. / Abstract: The purpose of dissertation is to present some practical applications using the Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) method as a new alternative to data analysis. This proposal includes a brief surnrnary of the theory, a description of computer programs available and an analysis of two sets of data based on actual findings colleted medical School Hospital at the Campinas State University- Unicamp. It also provides one more tool to be used by professionals in Statistics in their analysis of complex data as well as by professionals from other areas who, because ihe GEE consists of a complex theory and is mostly described scientific journals, may have difficulty in using it. It result of an attempt to answer questions presented by the Brazilian health professionals. / Mestrado / Mestre em Estatística

Introduction: The process by which children's bones grow has not been fully charcterised. The current dogma is that girls fill in their medullary canal area by forming bone at the endosteum. It has been argued that the sex difference in how bone strength is conferred -- favouring boys -- may contribute to the relative protection that aging men have over aging women with respect to fracture incidence and the prevalence of osteoporosis. Primary Objectives: 1)To compare bone surface changes at the periosteal and endosteal surface of the tibial midshaft in boys and girls. 2)To compare how bone density at the tibial midshaft is accrued in boys and girls. 3) To compare sex differences in bone strength accrual. Methods: Design and Participants: Participants were obtained from a 20-month randomized, controlled school-based physical activity intervention. As we found no difference in the effect of the intervention on pQCT bone outcome variables, both groups were combined for our current study. A total of 183 participants (93 boys, 89 girls) received a pQCT scan at baseline. Results: Sex-specific comparisons of the pQCT bone outcome variables showed significantly greater rates of change (slope) for boys for the total area (ToA), cortical area (CoA), medullary canal area (MedA) and strength-strain index (SSI) measures, p<0.001. No significant differences were observed for CoD, p=0.904. The magnitude of these differences is 60.8% for ToA, 55.7% for CoA, 75.6% for MedA, 1.3% for CoD, and 54.7% for SSI. Examination of differences between the sexes (intercept) revealed significant differences with greater gains observed for boys for all measures p<0.001 except for CoD where girls exhibited greater gains p<0.001. Conclusion: Girls showed a similar pattern of cortical bone growth at the tibial midshaft- periosteal apposition dominated over endosteal resorption. Boys' increased changes and pattern of growth were of a greater magnitude at both surfaces compared to girls. This resulted in a greater increase in strength as measured by SSI in boys which can partly be explained by their larger size. Girls exhibited greater increases in CoD; however, no significant difference in the change in CoD was observed between the two. / Medicine, Faculty of / Medicine, Department of / Experimental Medicine, Division of / Graduate

No description available.

Yes / Objectives: We aimed to examine change over time in self-rated quality of life (QoL) in people with mild-to-moderate dementia and identify sub-groups with distinct QoL trajectories. Method: We used data from people with mild-to-moderate dementia followed up at 12 and 24 months in the IDEAL cohort study (baseline n=1537). A latent growth model approach examined mean change over time in QoL, assessed with the QoL-AD scale, and investigated associations of baseline demographic, cognitive and psychological covariates with the intercept and slope of QoL. We employed growth mixture modelling to identify multiple growth trajectories. Results: Overall mean QoL scores were stable and no associations with change over time were observed. Four classes of QoL trajectories were identified: two with higher baseline QoL scores, labelled Stable (74.9%) and Declining (7.6%), and two with lower baseline QoL scores, labelled Stable Lower (13.7%) and Improving (3.8%). The Declining class had higher baseline levels of depression and loneliness, and lower levels of self-esteem and optimism, than the Stable class. The Stable Lower class was characterised by disadvantage related to social structure, poor physical health, functional disability, and low psychological well-being The Improving class was similar to the Stable Lower class but had lower cognitive test scores. Discussion: Understanding individual trajectories can contribute to personalised care planning. Efforts to prevent decline in perceived QoL should primarily target psychological well-being. Efforts to improve QoL for those with poorer QoL should additionally address functional impairment, isolation, and disadvantage related to social structure. / This work was supported by Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC, part of UK Research and Innovation, UKRI) and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) grant ES/L001853/2. Alzheimer‟s Society Centre of Excellence grant 348, ASPR2-16-001

Introduction: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a recurrent and chronic mood disorder. BD type I (BD-I) is associated with high disability, lower quality of life, and excess mortality. Importantly, BD is also associated with severe functional impairment. Staging models suggest BD is a progressive illness and use episode recurrence and functional impairment in euthymia as main proxy measures. Research has identified deficits in functioning in BD compared to healthy controls (HC) and suggest that impairment may be sustained in periods of euthymia and related to episode recurrence. The current research uses data from a larger longitudinal neuroimaging study to investigate psychosocial and subjective cognitive function, as measured by the Functional Assessment Short Test (FAST) and the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), in individuals with BD-I who experienced an episode relapse (BDR) compared to those who did not (BDNR) and healthy controls (HC). Methods: Participants completed up to 3 visits over 2 years, that took place approximately 1 year apart. The final sample consisted of 61 HC, 21 BDR, and 26 BDNR participants. Three analyses were conducted to explore between and within-subject differences: mixed-effects analysis of variance (ANOVA), one-way Kruskal-Wallis tests, and simple linear growth analyses. Missing data precluded using three time points for some analyses, so the mixed-effects ANOVA and one-way Kruskal-Wallis tests used two re-binned timepoints (baseline and follow-up) and the growth curve analysis used all three timepoints. Results: Significant differences were found between the HC group and both BD groups (BDR and BDNR) for both the FAST and CFQ at baseline and follow-up visits. No significant differences were found between the BDR and BDNR groups, neither differences at timepoints nor differences in change across timepoints. The BDNR group demonstrated a significant decrease in CFQ scores over the 3 timepoints. Conclusion and Future Directions: The results suggest that individuals with BD-I experience sustained impairment in psychosocial and subjective cognitive function over time compared to HC, but relapse does not have a significant effect on this impairment. Since the BDNR group demonstrated a decrease in CFQ scores over time, not experiencing relapse may be implicated in the improvement of subjective cognitive functioning. Future studies with longer measurement windows and larger sample sizes could further clarify these findings. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / Bipolar disorder type I (BD-I) is a debilitating mood disorder involving manic episodes (e.g. heightened mood, excessive energy, impulsivity) and oftentimes depressive episodes as well (e.g. low mood, little interest in activities, sleep problems). BD-I is associated with high rates of functional impairment. Some models suggest that BD-I is a progressive illness wherein a longer duration of illness, a higher number of mood episodes, and lingering impairment at times outside of mood episodes can be indicators of the illness getting worse overtime and affecting individuals more negatively. Using data from a larger study, the current study aimed to investigate functional impairment in individuals with BD-I who experienced an episode relapse (BDR) compared to those who did not (BDNR) and healthy controls (HC). Two measures of function were used: psychosocial functioning was measured by the Functional Assessment Short Test (FAST) and subjective cognitive functioning was measured by the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ). Participants completed up to 3 visits over 2 years, spaced approximately 1 year apart. Differences between both BD groups and the HC group were found for both scales, suggesting a sustained functional deficit in BD over time. No differences between the BDR and BDNR groups were found, but the BDNR group demonstrated improvement in subjective cognitive functioning over the 2-year period. These findings suggest that BD-I shows impairment in psychosocial and subjective cognitive functioning as compared to HC but that relapse status did not have an effect. This research suggests that perhaps mood episode relapse may not influence functioning negatively, but a lack of relapse may have positive effects on subjective cognitive functioning.