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The purpose of this research is to evaluate the performance of new corrugated-type embossments developed by Vulcraft Research and Development for their 2VLI and 3VLI composite deck. Performance of deck with the proposed embossment types is compared with that of deck with the existing embossment type, resulting in the recommendation of which type to further investigate for production. The evaluation consists of uniformly loaded full-scale slab tests whose flexural strengths are compared with those given by different strength prediction methods that are alternatives to full-scale testing. The methods used in this study are the First Yield Method (Heagler 1992), the ASCE Appendix D Alternate Method (Standard 1992), and Widjaja's (1997) Iterative Method. Shear bond tests are also performed for deck with each embossment type to evaluate shear resistance specifically, and to provide shear bond data needed to perform the Iterative Method. / Master of Science

In this thesis, a new traction stress based method for characterizing shear strength is investigated by carrying out a series of shear strength tests. The AWS method for the calculation of shear strength shows significant discrepancies between longitudinal and transverse specimens. The main purpose of this new traction based definition for shear strength is to demonstrate that there exists a single shear strength value regardless of specimen geometry and loading conditions. With this new approach a better correlation between shear strength values for transverse and longitudinal specimens is achieved. Special issues occur with the multi-pass welds in regards to the failure angle. The AWS equation does not account to different failure angles of the specimens, it only assumes 45o failure angle in all the cases, but the new approach takes into account the different failure angles. Finally with this method a quantitative weld sizing can be achieved for fillet welds.

Dans le cadre de l’utilisation de plus en plus courante des BFUP dans des structures techniquement ou architecturalement complexes et de la recherche d’optimisation de la quantité de matériau mis en œuvre, cette thèse s’intéresse au fonctionnement des jonctions en BFUP. Son objectif principal est de mettre en évidence les phénomènes physiques qui interviennent dans la jonction et de mieux les retranscrire dans les méthodes de calcul afin de mieux en maîtriser la sécurité et d’optimiser la matière mise en oeuvre.Le travail de thèse s’articule en quatre étapes :- Une étude bibliographique a permis d’établir les bases de connaissances permettant de dimensionner les campagnes expérimentales et de proposer une structure de modélisation des jonctions âme-membrure.- Le développement d’un modèle analytique avancé permettant de prédire le comportement d’une poutre en Té soumise à une sollicitation combinée de flexion longitudinale (et donc de cisaillement longitudinal dans la table) et de flexion transversale.- L’étude expérimentale, à l’échelle du matériau, du comportement des BFUP sous sollicitation de cisaillement pur. Cette étude permet d’enrichir les connaissances sur le comportement des BFUP (données encore indisponibles dans la carte d’identité des différents matériaux) et constitue également une donnée d’entrée pour la compréhension quantitative des phénomènes qui interviennent dans la jonction, à l’échelle de la structure, lorsqu’elle est sollicitée en cisaillement longitudinal.- Enfin, l’essai à rupture de 6 poutres en Té à l’échelle 1 a permis d’étudier le comportement expérimental des jonctions soumises à des sollicitations de cisaillement longitudinal. Les résultats expérimentaux de cette étude ont été comparés aux différentes prédictions analytiques possibles, y compris le modèle proposé.Ces travaux de thèse ont permis d’apporter de nouveaux outils de dimensionnement (notamment dans le cadre de l’étude de la résistance des jonctions en BFUP sous sollicitation de cisaillement pur). Ils mériteraient d’être complétés par des essais de poutres soumis à une sollicitation concomitante de flexion longitudinale et de flexion transversale, pour mieux conforter les méhodes d’analyse proposées / Ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) are increasingly used for technically or architecturally complex structures and research is going on to optimize design and save implemented material quantities. In this context, this thesis focuses on the mechanical behavior of junctions in UHPFRC structures. The main goal is to highlight physical phenomena occurring in the junctions in order to optimally transpose them into calculation methods. In this way, both safety and cost-efficience should be better controlled.This thesis is divided in four steps :- A literature review enabled to establish the background knowledge allowing to design the experimental campaigns and to suggest a modeling for web-flange junctions.- An advanced analytical model was developed in order to predict the behavior of a T-beam subjected to combined longitudinal bending (and therefore longitudinal shear in the table) and transverse bending.- The expérimental study, at the material scale, of UHPFRC behavior under pure shear stress, allowed enriching the knowledge in this field (data still unavailable in the identity card of current UHPFRC mixes). It also constituted an input for the quantitative understanding of the phenomena occuring in the junction, at the structure scale, when it is loaded in longitudinal shear.- Finally, the test of 6 full scale T-beams up to failure made it possible to study the experimental behavior of the junctions subjected to longitudinal shear stresses. The experimental results were compared with the various analytical predictions, including the proposed model.A new approch has thus been proposed to design junctions under longitudinal shear. It should be completed with experiments on T-beams under combined longitudinal and transverse bending to further validate the proposed analysis methods

No abstract is provided. / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr) / Scope and contents: In this report, a method for calculating the longitudinal shear capacity of the slab of simply-supported steel-concrete composite beams is presented. The method is based on analysing the stresses at failure of the concrete elements located at the slab shear surface. In this analysis, the slab width and the shear span are found to be two main parameters that have been neglected in the empirical solutions previously adopted.

Longitudinal slab splitting in composite hot rolled girders and joist girders was investigated. Two different type of framing configurations were studied with two tests conducted per configuration. The framing configurations were designated as either flush-framed or haunched, which describes the framing of the joists into the joist girders or H-shape. Each floor system consisted of at least one exterior or spandrel joist girder, one interior joist girder, and in three of the four tests, an exterior or spandrel H-shape. The nominal lengths of the girders were 30 ft 4 in. with a centerline spacing of 7 ft for the flush-framed tests and 6 ft 9 in. for the haunch tests. Varying amounts of transverse reinforcement were used in the slab over each girder. Shear connectors were all 0.75 in. diameter headed shear studs of varying lengths. The results of these tests were used to determine the minimum amount of transverse reinforcement required to prevent longitudinal splitting from controlling the strength of the section. A comparative analytical study was performed to generate a design procedure for determining the appropriate amount of transverse reinforcement. This consisted of adapting existing procedures in reinforced concrete for similar shear problems and generating alternative procedures based on existing research for composite construction. Results from these methods were then calibrated against experimental data obtained in this study. / Master of Science

Este trabalho trata do estudo de um novo perfil metálico a ser empregado como fôrma em lajes mistas (laje com fôrma de aço incorporada). A fôrma é obtida pelo dobramento a frio de chapa zincada e serve para suportar o concreto fresco e sobrecargas durante a fase de construção e para atuar como armadura positiva da laje após a cura do concreto. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas etapas: (i) a análise teórica do perfil de aço isolado de modo a identificar modos de instabilidade e respectivos esforços críticos, referentes à fase de construção, isto é, concreto não colaborante, e (ii) a análise teórica e experimental da laje mista, através do ensaio de protótipos, tendo como propósito determinar a formulação para o dimensionamento baseada no método semiempírico denominado \"método m-k\". Tal método permite determinar equações lineares, sendo \"m\" e \"k\" os coeficientes angular e linear da reta. A análise teórica do perfil de aço foi realizada com o auxílio do programa CUFSM. Na análise experimental foram utilizados 14 protótipos agrupados conforme a espessura da fôrma de aço (0,08 mm 6 protótipos e 1,25 mm 8 protótipos) e variando a altura da laje em 110 mm e 170 mm. Outros dois protótipos também foram ensaiados, ambos com armadura adicional e fôrma de espessura 0,08 mm, onde um continha mossas em sua fôrma e outro não. A determinação das constantes m - k resultou na equação de dimensionamento que fundamenta-se no cisalhamento longitudinal, que é o estado-limite último dominante no projeto de lajes mistas. / This work studies a new steel profile to use as deck in composite slabs (slab with embedded steel deck profile). The deck is obtained by cold-formed and serves to support the fresh concrete and overloads during the construction stage and to act as positive reinforcement of the slab after the wet concrete. Research comprises two steps: (i) theoretical analysis of isolated steel deck profile to identify buckling modes and their critical stress, associated to the construction stage, i.e., not cooperating concrete, and (ii) theoretical and experimental analysis of the composite slab, through of test prototypes, with the purpose to determine the formulation to design based in semiempirical method called \'\"m-k method\". The method allows determining linear equations, where \"m\" and \"k\" are angular and linear coefficients of the function. The theoretical analysis of the steel profile was performed with the aid of CUFSM program. In the experimental prototypes analysis used 14 grouped according to the thickness of the sheeting (0.08 mm - 1.25 mm prototypes and 6 - 8 prototypes) and varying slab height at 110 mm and 170 mm. Two other prototypes were also tested, both with additional armor and thick mold 0.08 mm, where one had dents in your pan and the other not. The determination of the constants m - k resulted in the scaling equation is based on longitudinal shear, which is the state limit last dominant in the design of composite slabs.

Este trabalho trata do estudo de um novo perfil metálico a ser empregado como fôrma em lajes mistas (laje com fôrma de aço incorporada). A fôrma é obtida pelo dobramento a frio de chapa zincada e serve para suportar o concreto fresco e sobrecargas durante a fase de construção e para atuar como armadura positiva da laje após a cura do concreto. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas etapas: (i) a análise teórica do perfil de aço isolado de modo a identificar modos de instabilidade e respectivos esforços críticos, referentes à fase de construção, isto é, concreto não colaborante, e (ii) a análise teórica e experimental da laje mista, através do ensaio de protótipos, tendo como propósito determinar a formulação para o dimensionamento baseada no método semiempírico denominado \"método m-k\". Tal método permite determinar equações lineares, sendo \"m\" e \"k\" os coeficientes angular e linear da reta. A análise teórica do perfil de aço foi realizada com o auxílio do programa CUFSM. Na análise experimental foram utilizados 14 protótipos agrupados conforme a espessura da fôrma de aço (0,08 mm 6 protótipos e 1,25 mm 8 protótipos) e variando a altura da laje em 110 mm e 170 mm. Outros dois protótipos também foram ensaiados, ambos com armadura adicional e fôrma de espessura 0,08 mm, onde um continha mossas em sua fôrma e outro não. A determinação das constantes m - k resultou na equação de dimensionamento que fundamenta-se no cisalhamento longitudinal, que é o estado-limite último dominante no projeto de lajes mistas. / This work studies a new steel profile to use as deck in composite slabs (slab with embedded steel deck profile). The deck is obtained by cold-formed and serves to support the fresh concrete and overloads during the construction stage and to act as positive reinforcement of the slab after the wet concrete. Research comprises two steps: (i) theoretical analysis of isolated steel deck profile to identify buckling modes and their critical stress, associated to the construction stage, i.e., not cooperating concrete, and (ii) theoretical and experimental analysis of the composite slab, through of test prototypes, with the purpose to determine the formulation to design based in semiempirical method called \'\"m-k method\". The method allows determining linear equations, where \"m\" and \"k\" are angular and linear coefficients of the function. The theoretical analysis of the steel profile was performed with the aid of CUFSM program. In the experimental prototypes analysis used 14 grouped according to the thickness of the sheeting (0.08 mm - 1.25 mm prototypes and 6 - 8 prototypes) and varying slab height at 110 mm and 170 mm. Two other prototypes were also tested, both with additional armor and thick mold 0.08 mm, where one had dents in your pan and the other not. The determination of the constants m - k resulted in the scaling equation is based on longitudinal shear, which is the state limit last dominant in the design of composite slabs.

The subject of the submitted work is the experimental and theoretical investigation of composite slabs. The work also deals with creation of numerical models of composite slabs. The design of a new type of steel sheeting for composite slab according to nowadays standards requires full scale laboratory bending tests. An alternative to the bending tests are the small scale shear tests. The small scale shear tests as well as corresponding design methods have already been investigated by many researchers. Therefore several test arrangements and corresponding design methods can be found in literature but none of them is included in standards yet. The submitted thesis describes three of the alternative design methods: Slip- Block Test, Simplified Method and Built-up Bars. The test arrangement is proposed to be usable in all these methods. The small scale shear test have been performed in laboratory in several modifications. The results were used to calculate the bending resistance of the slab by the alternative design methods. The calculated bending resistances were mutually compared, compared with the performed bending tests resistances and the resistances by the methods described in Eurocode: m-k method and partial connection method. A sensitivity studies of the input parameters in alternative design methods are presented as well. The optimal design method for use in practice was searched and recommended based on the performed studies, accuracy and laboriousness of the methods. The shear tests were used also to measure longitudinal shear resistance of the additional shear anchors. The alternative design methods were used to predict bending resistance of the slab using these anchors and the results were compared. The numerical simulation of the composite action of the slab by the finite element methods is modelled in Atena software. The models serves to perform parametrical studies and to better understand of the behaviour of the slab in partial composite action.