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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Carbohydrates and leaf blackening of Protea cut flowers

Meyer, Celeste 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Protea cut flowers are exported worldwide but the vase life of some species and cultivars is considerably shortened by post-harvest leaf blackening. Research has established carbohydrate depletion to be positively correlated with this disorder. Consequently, a study had been made of the carbohydrate status of various species and cultivars, as well as the effect of supplemental glucose (pre and post-storage) on leaf blackening. Glucose, fructose, sucrose and starch concentrations of various Protea species and cultivars held in water were measured at harvest, and again at leaf blackening initiation. All measured carbohydrates declined significantly in 'Carnival', 'Pink Ice' and 'Sheila'. In 'Cardinal' all carbohydrate concentrations decreased significantly, except the sucrose concentration in the inflorescence. 'Susara' and 'Ivy' had very high initial carbohydrate concentrations in the leaves which decreased significantly. The very high initial carbohydrate concentrations in the inflorescence of 'Ivy' declined significantly. 'Brenda' differed from the other cultivars and species in that glucose concentrations increased over time. Carbohydrate concentrations of most of the tested proteas declined significantly from harvest to the initiation of leaf blackening. This highlighted the dependence of the leaves and inflorescence on the carbohydrate reserves, further substantiating the carbohydrate depletion theory. The inflorescences were characterized by high fructose and glucose concentrations and low sucrose concentrations when compared to the leaves. It was hypothesized that glucose pulsing and cold storage at 1°C for three weeks would significantly reduce leaf blackening. 'Brenda', 'Cardinal', 'Carnival', 'Pink Ice', 'Susara ' and 'Sylvia' had significantly less leaf blackening with glucose treatments of 4 and 10%. Leaf blackening of 'Sheila', P. cynaroides and P. grandiceps was not significantly reduced by glucose pulsing. P. magnifica showed a small, but significant, reduction in leaf blackening in response to the 3, 6 and 9% treatments after 10 days only, but despite this, leaf blackening was unacceptably high. 'Pink Ice' harvested at the soft tip stage had less leaf blackening than those harvested open or closed. Toxicity symptoms on the leaves, and in some instances flowers, were observed at higher glucose concentrations (8 and 10%) onP. grandiceps, P. cynaroides, 'Cardinal' and 'Sheila'. All glucose treatments resulted in toxicity symptoms on P. magnifica. A decrease in nonstructural carbohydrates post-harvest apparently occurs in all proteas but it appears that only members of the Ligulatae respond to glucose. Glucose pulsing followed by cold storage at 1°C for three weeks in combination with post-storage glucose vase solutions, significantly reduced leaf blackening of some Protea cultivars. Glucose (1 and 2%), with hypochlorite, significantly delayed leaf blackening in 'Cardinal' and 'Sylvia' after seven days. Leaf blackening of 'Brenda', 'Carnival', 'Pink Ice' and 'Susara' was not significantly reduced by the glucose vase solutions. Other disinfectants, in combination with the sugar treatments, need to be evaluated since the hypochlorite treatment had a dehydrating effect on all the cultivars and resulted in increased leaf blackening. Carbohydrate supplementation of protea flowers with glucose, pre and post-storage, will help meet the post-harvest carbohydrate requirements of certain Protea cultivars and species to an extent. Glucose treatments must be seen in conjunction with maintaining the cold chain and when combined with cold chain maintenance, can extend the storage and vase life. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Protea snyblomme word wêreldwyd uitgevoer alhoewel die vaasleeftyd van sommige spesies en kultivars beduidend verkort word deur na-oes loof verbruining. Navorsing het koolhidraatverbruik positief gekorreleer met hierdie probleem. Gevolglik is 'n studie gemaak van die koolhidraatstatus van verskeie spesies en kultivars asook die effek van addisionele glukose (voor en na opberging) op loofverbruining. Glukose, fruktose, sukrose en stysel konsentrasies van verskeie Protea spesies en kultivars wat in water gehou is, is bepaal met oes en weer met die eerste tekens van loofverbruining. Al die gemete koolhidraatkonsentrasies het beduidend afgeneem in 'Carnival', 'Pink Ice' en 'Sheila'. In 'Cardinal' het al die koolhidraatkonsentrasies beduidend afgeneem, behalwe vir die sukrosekonsentrasie in die blom. 'Susara' en 'Ivy' het baie hoë begin koolhidraatkonsentrasies in die blare wat beduidend afneem. Die baie hoë inisiële koolhidraatkonsentrasies in die blom van 'Ivy' neem beduidend af met tyd. 'Brenda' verskil van die ander kultivars en spesies deurdat die glukosekonsentrasies toeneem met tyd. Koolhidraatkonsentrasies van die meeste getoetste proteas neem beduidend af vanaf oes totdat die eerste tekens van loofverbruining verskyn. Dit het die afhanklikheid van die blare en blom op die koolhidraatreserwes beklemtoon en daardeur verder die koolhidraatteorie ondersteun. Die blomme is gekarakteriseer deur hoë fruktose- en glukosekonsentrasies en lae sukrosekonsentrasies wanneer dit met die blare vergelyk is.Die hipotese is gestel dat die voorsiening van glukose, vir 'n aantal ure, gekombineerd met koue opberging by 1°C vir drie weke loofverbruining beduidend sal verminder. 'Brenda', 'Cardinal', 'Carnival', 'Pink lee', 'Susara' en 'Sylvia' het beduidend minder loofverbruining met glukose behandelings tussen 4 en 10%. Loofverbruining van 'Sheila', P. cynaroides en P. grandiceps is nie beduidend verminder deur glukose behandelings nie. P. magnifica het 'n klein, maar beduidende verlaging in loofverbruining getoon met die 3, 6 en 9% behandelings na 10 dae, maar ten spyte hiervan was loofverbruining onaanvaarbaar hoog. 'Pink lee' is geoes by die sagte punt stadium en het minder loofverbruining gehad as blomme wat oop of toe geoes is. Toksisiteitsimptome op die blare, en in sommige gevalle blomme, is waargeneem met hoër glukose konsentrasies (8 en 10%) op P. grandiceps, P. cynaroides, 'Cardinal' en 'Sheila'. Alle glukosebehandelings het toksisiteitsimptome tot gevolg gehad op P. magnifica. 'n Afname in nie-strukturele koolhidrate na oes kom waarskynlik voor in alle proteas maar dit wil voorkom of slegs lede van die Ligulatae positief reageer op glukose. Glukosebehandeling gevolg deur koue opberging by 1°C vir drie weke in kombinasie met na-stoor glukose vaasoplossings het loofverbruining van sommige Protea kultivars beduidend verminder. Glukose (l en 2%), saam met hipoehloriet, het loofverbruining beduidend verminder in 'Cardinal' en 'Sylvia' na sewe dae. Loofverbruining van 'Brenda', 'Carnival', 'Pink lee' en 'Susara' is nie beduidend verminder deur die glukose vaasoplossings nie. Ander ontsmettingsmiddels in kombinasie met die suikerbehandelings moet geëvalueer word aangesien die hipoehlorietbehandeling 'n dehidrerende effek op al die kultivars gehad het en 'n toename in loofverbruining tot gevolg gehad het. Byvoeging van glukose by proteablomme, voor en na opberging, sal tot 'n mate help om in die na-oes koolhidraatbehoeftes van sekere Protea kultivars en spesies te voorsien. Glukosebehandelings moet saam met die beheer van die koueketting gesien word en wanneer gekombineerd met koueketting beheer kan dit opberg en vaasleeftyd verleng.
62

Estimação de perdas técnicas e comerciais : métodos baseados em fluxo de carga e estimador de estados

Rossoni, Aquiles January 2014 (has links)
As perdas técnicas e comerciais apresentam valores significativos nas empresas de distribuição de energia elétrica, prejudicando o seu desempenho técnico e financeiro. A aplicação e avaliação das técnicas de redução de perdas estão diretamente relacionadas à correta estimação das mesmas. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar o desempenho dos métodos baseados em fluxo de carga e estimação de estados na estimação de perdas, considerando sistemas de distribuição equilibrados. O método de fluxo de carga utilizado é o Newton-Raphson. Considerando este fluxo de carga, os métodos de comparação com medições e de fatores de correção são descritos e aplicados, ambos revisados da literatura. Utilizando o estimador de estados por mínimos quadrados ponderados, a estimação das perdas é dada com o auxílio da análise de erros grosseiros. Nos métodos utilizados, o primeiro aplica a análise dos resíduos, conforme é apresentado na literatura, no outro método, é proposta a aplicação da análise dos erros compostos. O estudo de caso é realizado em um sistema de distribuição equilibrado, considerando predições de carga e um número restrito de medições. Nos casos propostos, são inseridos diferentes níveis de perdas comerciais, em diferentes barras, e é considerado que as predições de carga e as medições estão sujeitas a erros. Para cada caso proposto, os resultados apresentam os erros dos métodos na estimação das perdas técnicas e comerciais. Adicionalmente, é realizada uma análise da relação dos erros com o nível de inserção de perdas comerciais. O trabalho também apresenta o desempenho dos métodos na localização das perdas comerciais e um estudo do custo computacional das metodologias. Os resultados demonstram que a precisão da predição de carga é determinante na estimação das perdas comerciais. O método baseado em estimador de estados com a aplicação da análise de erros compostos, proposto neste trabalho, apresentou os melhores resultados na estimação e identificação de perdas. A expansão deste método para sistemas de distribuição maiores e desequilibrados aparenta ser uma alternativa interessante para a estimação e combate de perdas. / The technical and commercial energy losses are significant in distribution companies, hampering the technical and financial performance. The application and evaluation of techniques to reduce losses are directly related to the proper loss estimation. This work aims to analyze the performance of loss estimation using methods based on load flow and state estimation, considering balanced distribution systems. The method of load flow used is the Newton-Raphson. Considering this load flow, the methods of comparison with measurements and correction factors are described, both of them from the literature. Using the weighted least squares state estimator, the losses are estimated using the gross error analysis. One of the methods uses the residue analysis, as presented in the literature, in another method, is proposed to use the composed error analysis. The case study is performed in a balanced distribution system, considering load forecastings and a limited number of measurements. In the proposed cases, different levels of commercial losses are inserted in different buses, and it is considered that load forecatings and measurements are subject to error. For each proposed case, the results show the methods errors in technical and commercial loss estimation. Additionally, an analysis of the relationship of estimation errors with the level of commercial losses is performed. This work also shows the methods performance in the commercial losses location and a study of the computational costs of methods. The results show that the load forecast accuracy is relevant in the commercial losses estimation. The method based on state estimation that uses composed error analysis, proposed in this dissertation, showed the best results in the loss estimation and identification. The expansion of this method for larger and unbalanced distribution systems appears to be an interesting alternative to estimate and combat losses.
63

Estimação de perdas técnicas e comerciais : métodos baseados em fluxo de carga e estimador de estados

Rossoni, Aquiles January 2014 (has links)
As perdas técnicas e comerciais apresentam valores significativos nas empresas de distribuição de energia elétrica, prejudicando o seu desempenho técnico e financeiro. A aplicação e avaliação das técnicas de redução de perdas estão diretamente relacionadas à correta estimação das mesmas. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar o desempenho dos métodos baseados em fluxo de carga e estimação de estados na estimação de perdas, considerando sistemas de distribuição equilibrados. O método de fluxo de carga utilizado é o Newton-Raphson. Considerando este fluxo de carga, os métodos de comparação com medições e de fatores de correção são descritos e aplicados, ambos revisados da literatura. Utilizando o estimador de estados por mínimos quadrados ponderados, a estimação das perdas é dada com o auxílio da análise de erros grosseiros. Nos métodos utilizados, o primeiro aplica a análise dos resíduos, conforme é apresentado na literatura, no outro método, é proposta a aplicação da análise dos erros compostos. O estudo de caso é realizado em um sistema de distribuição equilibrado, considerando predições de carga e um número restrito de medições. Nos casos propostos, são inseridos diferentes níveis de perdas comerciais, em diferentes barras, e é considerado que as predições de carga e as medições estão sujeitas a erros. Para cada caso proposto, os resultados apresentam os erros dos métodos na estimação das perdas técnicas e comerciais. Adicionalmente, é realizada uma análise da relação dos erros com o nível de inserção de perdas comerciais. O trabalho também apresenta o desempenho dos métodos na localização das perdas comerciais e um estudo do custo computacional das metodologias. Os resultados demonstram que a precisão da predição de carga é determinante na estimação das perdas comerciais. O método baseado em estimador de estados com a aplicação da análise de erros compostos, proposto neste trabalho, apresentou os melhores resultados na estimação e identificação de perdas. A expansão deste método para sistemas de distribuição maiores e desequilibrados aparenta ser uma alternativa interessante para a estimação e combate de perdas. / The technical and commercial energy losses are significant in distribution companies, hampering the technical and financial performance. The application and evaluation of techniques to reduce losses are directly related to the proper loss estimation. This work aims to analyze the performance of loss estimation using methods based on load flow and state estimation, considering balanced distribution systems. The method of load flow used is the Newton-Raphson. Considering this load flow, the methods of comparison with measurements and correction factors are described, both of them from the literature. Using the weighted least squares state estimator, the losses are estimated using the gross error analysis. One of the methods uses the residue analysis, as presented in the literature, in another method, is proposed to use the composed error analysis. The case study is performed in a balanced distribution system, considering load forecastings and a limited number of measurements. In the proposed cases, different levels of commercial losses are inserted in different buses, and it is considered that load forecatings and measurements are subject to error. For each proposed case, the results show the methods errors in technical and commercial loss estimation. Additionally, an analysis of the relationship of estimation errors with the level of commercial losses is performed. This work also shows the methods performance in the commercial losses location and a study of the computational costs of methods. The results show that the load forecast accuracy is relevant in the commercial losses estimation. The method based on state estimation that uses composed error analysis, proposed in this dissertation, showed the best results in the loss estimation and identification. The expansion of this method for larger and unbalanced distribution systems appears to be an interesting alternative to estimate and combat losses.
64

Dynamika půdního uhlíku a vybraných půdních charakteristik v subpovodích modelového území Stropnice / Dynamism of soil carbon and selective soil characteristics in model landscape Stropnice subcatchments

BODLÁK, Lubomír January 2011 (has links)
The aim of the theses was to describe soil organic matter changes in model landscape Stropnice subcatchments that have different biotopes and agricultural and forest management.Particular aims were: 1) to determine the link between landuse, soil environment changes and catchment matter losses. 2)to experimentally prove the water regime impact on carbon and other substances losses during and between vegetation seasons.
65

Estimação de perdas técnicas e comerciais : métodos baseados em fluxo de carga e estimador de estados

Rossoni, Aquiles January 2014 (has links)
As perdas técnicas e comerciais apresentam valores significativos nas empresas de distribuição de energia elétrica, prejudicando o seu desempenho técnico e financeiro. A aplicação e avaliação das técnicas de redução de perdas estão diretamente relacionadas à correta estimação das mesmas. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar o desempenho dos métodos baseados em fluxo de carga e estimação de estados na estimação de perdas, considerando sistemas de distribuição equilibrados. O método de fluxo de carga utilizado é o Newton-Raphson. Considerando este fluxo de carga, os métodos de comparação com medições e de fatores de correção são descritos e aplicados, ambos revisados da literatura. Utilizando o estimador de estados por mínimos quadrados ponderados, a estimação das perdas é dada com o auxílio da análise de erros grosseiros. Nos métodos utilizados, o primeiro aplica a análise dos resíduos, conforme é apresentado na literatura, no outro método, é proposta a aplicação da análise dos erros compostos. O estudo de caso é realizado em um sistema de distribuição equilibrado, considerando predições de carga e um número restrito de medições. Nos casos propostos, são inseridos diferentes níveis de perdas comerciais, em diferentes barras, e é considerado que as predições de carga e as medições estão sujeitas a erros. Para cada caso proposto, os resultados apresentam os erros dos métodos na estimação das perdas técnicas e comerciais. Adicionalmente, é realizada uma análise da relação dos erros com o nível de inserção de perdas comerciais. O trabalho também apresenta o desempenho dos métodos na localização das perdas comerciais e um estudo do custo computacional das metodologias. Os resultados demonstram que a precisão da predição de carga é determinante na estimação das perdas comerciais. O método baseado em estimador de estados com a aplicação da análise de erros compostos, proposto neste trabalho, apresentou os melhores resultados na estimação e identificação de perdas. A expansão deste método para sistemas de distribuição maiores e desequilibrados aparenta ser uma alternativa interessante para a estimação e combate de perdas. / The technical and commercial energy losses are significant in distribution companies, hampering the technical and financial performance. The application and evaluation of techniques to reduce losses are directly related to the proper loss estimation. This work aims to analyze the performance of loss estimation using methods based on load flow and state estimation, considering balanced distribution systems. The method of load flow used is the Newton-Raphson. Considering this load flow, the methods of comparison with measurements and correction factors are described, both of them from the literature. Using the weighted least squares state estimator, the losses are estimated using the gross error analysis. One of the methods uses the residue analysis, as presented in the literature, in another method, is proposed to use the composed error analysis. The case study is performed in a balanced distribution system, considering load forecastings and a limited number of measurements. In the proposed cases, different levels of commercial losses are inserted in different buses, and it is considered that load forecatings and measurements are subject to error. For each proposed case, the results show the methods errors in technical and commercial loss estimation. Additionally, an analysis of the relationship of estimation errors with the level of commercial losses is performed. This work also shows the methods performance in the commercial losses location and a study of the computational costs of methods. The results show that the load forecast accuracy is relevant in the commercial losses estimation. The method based on state estimation that uses composed error analysis, proposed in this dissertation, showed the best results in the loss estimation and identification. The expansion of this method for larger and unbalanced distribution systems appears to be an interesting alternative to estimate and combat losses.
66

Controle hormonal da defesa à herbivoria em tomateiro / Hormonal control of herbivory defense in tomato

Marcelo Lattarulo Campos 09 April 2009 (has links)
Apesar de sua elevada importância econômica mundial, o cultivo do tomateiro é classificado como de alto risco devido à infestação da cultura por um grande número de pragas e doenças. Esse problema leva tal cultura a depender amplamente da aplicação de agroquímicos que, além de elevaram o custo de produção, são potenciais causadores de danos ambientais e do aparecimento de outras pragas e doenças. Observando o problema mais detalhadamente, pode-se perceber que uma grande parcela das perdas advém dos danos causados por artrópodes herbívoros, os quais são capazes de se alimentar de diversas partes da planta, causando, geralmente, perda de produtividade. Apesar disso, o tomateiro apresenta mecanismos de defesa naturais contra tais pragas, como tricomas e aleloquímicos, que agem intoxicando os artrópodes, dificultando sua movimentação e/ou alterando varias fases de seu desenvolvimento. A busca por genótipos de tomateiro com maior densidade de tricomas e elevado teor de aleloquímicos é hoje considerado um hot spot de pesquisa, devido ao benefício que trariam como redução do custo de produção e maior produtividade. Sabese que vários hormônios vegetais estão ligados a geração de caracteres anti-herbivoria, mas, atualmente, um grande foco vem sendo dado somente ao ácido jasmônico, devido ao seu claro papel na formação de tricomas, aleloquímicos, inibidores de proteases, dentre outros. Visando mostrar a importância de uma abordagem multi-hormonal nesse tipo de estudo, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar quais hormônios vegetais estão envolvidos com a formação de vários caracteres anti-herbivoria em tomateiro, como densidade de tricomas e teor de aleloquímicos e inibidores de protease. Para tal, fez-se uso da um grande número de mutantes hormonais introgredidos na cultivar Micro-Tom (a qual apresenta diversas facilidades de trabalho como porte reduzido e rápido ciclo de vida). Demonstrou-se que, apesar do ácido jasmônico ser extremamente importante na formação de tais caracteres, outros hormônios também atuam fortemente em tal papel. Etileno, giberelinas e auxina alteram de forma indireta a densidade de tricomas em tomateiro, através de alteração na área de células epidérmicas. O ácido jasmônico é um forte regulador positivo da formação de tricomas, do aleloquímico zingibereno e da formação de inibidores de protease. De forma antagônica, brassinosteróides parecem controlar negativamente a densidade de tricomas, a produção de zingibereno e inibidores de protease. Interessantemente, observou-se que esse controle negativo efetuado por brassinosteróides acontece através de um controle na via do ácido jasmônico, o qual foi comprovado pela produção de duplos mutantes. Resultados obtidos em testes com o herbívoro polífago Spodoptera frugiperda e com a praga de tomate Tuta absoluta (traça-do-tomateiro), bem como de análise de expressão gênica comprovaram a importância do ácido jasmônico, brassinosteróides e sua interação na defesa a herbivoria. Os resultados aqui apresentados sugerem que o foco para futuros estudos da formação de mecanismos anti-herbivoria em tomateiro deve ser voltado não só para o ácido jasmônico como para brassinosteroides e para suas ações antagônicas. / Even though the cultivation of tomato has a high economical importance, this culture is classified as being of elevated risk because of it common infestation by pests and diseases. This problem makes this culture greatly dependent of the application of several agrochemicals, which leads to increase in cost of production, environmental damages and also facilitating the appearance of new pests and diseases. Looking carefully to the problem, it is possible to conclude that a great part of tomato losses are caused by herbivory-arthropods, which are capable of feeding of several parts of the plant, causing, generally, losses in the productivity. However, tomato has natural defense mechanisms against those pests, for example trichomes and allelochemicals, which act poisoning the arthropods, hindering their movement through the plant and/or altering steps of their development. The search for tomato genotypes with great density of trichomes and elevated levels of allelochemicals is nowadays being considered as a hot spot of research, because of the benefits it would provide (for example: a decrease in the cost of production and also a higher productivity). Although it is believed that many plant hormones are involved in the generation of anti-herbivory traits, a great focus has been given only to jasmonic acid because of it clear action in the formation of those traits, such as trichomes, allelochemicals, proteinase inhibitors and many others. The present work objective was to evaluate which hormones are involved in the formation of anti-herbivory traits such as trichome density and allelochemicals and proteinase inhibitors content. For this reason, we made use of several hormonal mutants already introgressed in the Micro-Tom cultivar (which presents benefits as small size and fast life cycle). It was showed that jasmonic acid is an important hormone in the formation of these traits, but other phytohormones also play important roles. Ethylene, gibberellins and auxin alters trichome density indirectly, by altering the area of epidermal cells and thus cell number. Jasmonic acid is a positive regulator of trichome formation, the allelochemicals zingiberene content and also in the formation of proteinase inhibitors. However, brassinosteroids acts by negatively controlling all of those. Interestingly, we observed that this negative control happens through the control of jasmonic acid pathway, a hormonal interaction that was proved by double-mutant analysis. Results obtained in tests with the polyphagous insect Spodoptera frugiperda and the tomato specific pest Tuta absoluta (tomato pinworm) and also with qPCR showed the importance of jasmonic acid, brassinosteroid and their interaction in herbivory defense. Our data suggest that future studies about the formation of antiherbivory traits should be analyzed by focusing the functions not only of jasmonic acid but also brassinosteroid and their antagonist functions.
67

Kafirin biofilm quality : effect of sorghum variety and milling fractions

Da Silva, Laura Suzanne 02 September 2005 (has links)
Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (MSc (Agric) Food Sience and Technology)--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Food Science / unrestricted
68

Bulk Modulus and Traction Effects in an Axial Piston Pump and a Radial Piston Motor

Michael, Paul W., Mettakadapa, Shreya January 2016 (has links)
This paper describes an investigation into the effects of fluid bulk modulus and traction coefficient properties on piston pump flow losses and radial pison motor torque losses through experimentation, modelling and simulation. Synthetic ester, high bulk modulus, multi-grade, and single grade mineral oils were evaluated. The high bulk modulus fluid exhibited 20% lower pump case and compensator flow losses than a conventional mineral oil of the same viscosity grade. Low traction coefficient fluids reduced the lowspeed torque losses of the radial piston motor by 50%. Physical models for pump case flow and motor torque losses were derived from the experimental data. Field data was collected from a hydraulically propelled agricultural machine. This data was used to model fluid performance in the machine. The simulation results predict that at an operating temperature of 80⁰C, optimizing the bulk modulus and traction coefficients of the fluid could reduce flow losses by 18% and torque losses by 5%. These findings demonstrate the potential of combining comprehensive fluid analysis with modeling and simulation to optimize fluids for the efficient transmission of power.
69

Nytt Värmesystem till en skola : Beräkning av transmissions- och ventilationsförluster

Öberg, Andreas January 2020 (has links)
Med hjälp av Boverkets byggregler och de ISO-standarder som föreskrivs fastställs värmeeffektbehovet för Kyrkbackskolan, Ljusnarsbergs kommunala skola. Ur effektbehovet har sedan ett teoretiskt värmesystem dimensionerats. Resultaten visar att de olika byggnaderna som skolan består av har olika behov beroende på deras utformning. Över trehundra radiatorer och över trehundrafyrtio kilowatt värmeeffekt behövs för att värma skolan enligt de utförda beräkningarna för transmissionsförluster, ventilationsförluster och köldbryggor. Den största osäkerheten finns i köldbryggorna då dessa är baserade på tabellvärden. En rumslista visar vad varje rum i hela skolan har för effektbehov och kan användas vid både installation och injustering. / Using ”Boverkets byggregler” and the ISO-standards that are stipulated in it are the heating requirements determined for “Kyrkbackskolan”, the only school in the municipality of Ljusnarsberg. A theoretical heating system has been designed based on the calculations. The results show that the three different buildings that make up the school have different requirements depending on their layout. Over three hundred radiators and over three hundred forty kilowatts of heating power are required to heat the school according to the calculations of transmission losses, ventilation losses and thermal bridges. The largest insecurity is in the thermal bridges since they are determined using tables. A list shows all the rooms and their heating requirements which can be used when installing or tuning the heating system.
70

MODELING IRON LOSS IN ELECTRIC DRIVE SYSTEMS UNDER DC BIASED MAGNETICS

Mohammed Hassan M Alzahrani (14216648) 09 December 2022 (has links)
<p>Predicting core losses in electromagnetic and electromechanical devices such as electric machines is crucial to avoid overheating or oversizing. This work focuses on predicting core loss under a dc bias condition which results in hysteresis loop distortion and an increase in the core loss. The interest in dc biased materials is to facilitate design of electric drive systems wherein the electric machine core is subject to a dc bias such as in homopolar machines. Owing to their simplicity and ease of use, Steinmetz-based models are considered in this work. Herein, four models based on Steinmetz Equations are studied and compared for dc offset sinusoidal field intensity waveforms. The model parameters are then characterized for a sample of M15 steel. Finally, the four models are compared with regards to their accuracy and performance under saturated conditions.</p>

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