Fundamento: Na descompensação da insuficiência cardíaca, pode ocorrer o baixo débito cardíaco, nessa situação o uso de inotrópico pode ser necessário. Se o acesso venoso for periférico, a infusão venosa prolongada de inotrópicos pode levar à flebite. Por outro lado, o acesso venoso central pode apresentar complicações. O Cateter Central de Inserção Periférica (PICC) pode ser uma opção nessa situação. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a incidência de flebite com o uso do PICC em comparação ao acesso venoso periférico. Métodos: em estudo clínico randomizado foram selecionados pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca congestiva avançada, em uso de inotrópico endovenoso; plaquetas >= 50.000/mm3 e fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) < 0,45. Os pacientes foram randomizados para receberem o PICC ou manter o acesso venoso periférico. O desfecho principal foi à ocorrência de flebite. Os dados foram analisados pela regressão logística. Resultados: Foram incluídos 40 pacientes no Grupo PICC e 40 pacientes no grupo controle. A mediana da idade foi de 61,5 (IQR=16) anos, a FEVE foi de 24,0 (IQR= 10) % e a dose da dobutamina foi de 7,73 (IQR = 5,3) mcg/kg*min. No Grupo PICC a ocorrência de flebite foi de 2,5 % (1 paciente) enquanto no grupo controle foi de 95% (38 pacientes), com razão dos riscos (HR) de 0,1% (IC 95%: 0,0 a 1,6%, P < 0,001). Conclusões: O uso de PICC foi associado a redução da incidência de flebite durante a infusão endovenosa contínua de dobutamina em pacientes com baixo débito cardíaco durante internação por insuficiência cardíaca descompensada / Background: During decompensated heart failure, the use of intravenous inotropes can be necessary. With peripheral venous access, prolonged infusions can cause phlebitis. However, traditional central venous catheters have possible complications. Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) may be an alternative to traditional catheters. Our objective was to compare the incidence of phlebitis between PICCs and catheters used to achieve peripheral venous access. Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 40 patients were randomized to the PICC group and 40 patients were randomized to thecontrol group. The inclusion criteria were advanced heart failure, ejection fraction < 0.45, and platelets > 50,000/mm3. The patients were randomly assigned to receivea PICC or keep their peripheral venous access. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of phlebitis. Results: We included 40 patients in the PICC group and 40 patients in the control group. The median age was 61.5 (interquartile range [IQR]=16) years, the ejection fraction was 0.24 (IQR=0.10), and the dobutamine dose was 7.73 (IQR=5.3) mcg/kg*min. Phlebitis occurred in 1 patient (2.5%) in the PICC group and in 38 patients (95.0%) in the control group, with a hazard ratio of 0.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0%-1.6%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: PICCs were associated with a lower incidence of phlebitis in patients hospitalized for decompensated heart failure with low cardiac output during intravenous dobutamine infusions

Fundamento: Na descompensação da insuficiência cardíaca, pode ocorrer o baixo débito cardíaco, nessa situação o uso de inotrópico pode ser necessário. Se o acesso venoso for periférico, a infusão venosa prolongada de inotrópicos pode levar à flebite. Por outro lado, o acesso venoso central pode apresentar complicações. O Cateter Central de Inserção Periférica (PICC) pode ser uma opção nessa situação. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a incidência de flebite com o uso do PICC em comparação ao acesso venoso periférico. Métodos: em estudo clínico randomizado foram selecionados pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca congestiva avançada, em uso de inotrópico endovenoso; plaquetas >= 50.000/mm3 e fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) < 0,45. Os pacientes foram randomizados para receberem o PICC ou manter o acesso venoso periférico. O desfecho principal foi à ocorrência de flebite. Os dados foram analisados pela regressão logística. Resultados: Foram incluídos 40 pacientes no Grupo PICC e 40 pacientes no grupo controle. A mediana da idade foi de 61,5 (IQR=16) anos, a FEVE foi de 24,0 (IQR= 10) % e a dose da dobutamina foi de 7,73 (IQR = 5,3) mcg/kg*min. No Grupo PICC a ocorrência de flebite foi de 2,5 % (1 paciente) enquanto no grupo controle foi de 95% (38 pacientes), com razão dos riscos (HR) de 0,1% (IC 95%: 0,0 a 1,6%, P < 0,001). Conclusões: O uso de PICC foi associado a redução da incidência de flebite durante a infusão endovenosa contínua de dobutamina em pacientes com baixo débito cardíaco durante internação por insuficiência cardíaca descompensada / Background: During decompensated heart failure, the use of intravenous inotropes can be necessary. With peripheral venous access, prolonged infusions can cause phlebitis. However, traditional central venous catheters have possible complications. Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) may be an alternative to traditional catheters. Our objective was to compare the incidence of phlebitis between PICCs and catheters used to achieve peripheral venous access. Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 40 patients were randomized to the PICC group and 40 patients were randomized to thecontrol group. The inclusion criteria were advanced heart failure, ejection fraction < 0.45, and platelets > 50,000/mm3. The patients were randomly assigned to receivea PICC or keep their peripheral venous access. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of phlebitis. Results: We included 40 patients in the PICC group and 40 patients in the control group. The median age was 61.5 (interquartile range [IQR]=16) years, the ejection fraction was 0.24 (IQR=0.10), and the dobutamine dose was 7.73 (IQR=5.3) mcg/kg*min. Phlebitis occurred in 1 patient (2.5%) in the PICC group and in 38 patients (95.0%) in the control group, with a hazard ratio of 0.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0%-1.6%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: PICCs were associated with a lower incidence of phlebitis in patients hospitalized for decompensated heart failure with low cardiac output during intravenous dobutamine infusions

Introduction : L’évaluation hémodynamique des patients critiques est difficile et l'estimation du débit cardiaque par le clinicien est peu fiable. La chaleur des extrémités est utilisée pour évaluer la perfusion périphérique mais reste très subjective. Un gradient thermique élevé entre la température centrale et la température périphérique a été corrélé à une augmentation des résistances vasculaires systémiques et une diminution du débit cardiaque. L'objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer la relation entre le gradient thermique, obtenu par thermographie infra-rouge (TIR), et le ratio d'extraction d'oxygène (O2ER) chez les enfants de 0 à 18 ans ayant eu une chirurgie cardiaque avec circulation extracorporelle. Méthode : Étude observationnelle prospective portant sur les enfants en post opératoire de chirurgie cardiaque avec une circulation extracorporelle. Le gradient thermique entre la température centrale (cantus interne de l’oeil) et périphérique (hallux) obtenue par TIR a été comparé à l’O2ER concomitant dans les 24 premières heures post opératoires. Résultats : 41 patients ont été inclus. Une corrélation faible a été retrouvée entre le gradient thermique et l’O2ER (r = 0.25 p = 0.016). Cette corrélation augmentait pour des niveaux d’O2ER plus élevés. La spectroscopie par proche infra-rouge (NIRS) cérébrale avait aussi une corrélation significative avec le gradient thermique (r = -28 p=0.001). Seul l’âge influençait significativement le gradient thermique. Les agents vasopresseurs et vasodilatateurs n’exerçaient aucune influence. Conclusion : Une corrélation significative mais faible a été retrouvée entre le gradient thermique par thermographie infrarouge et l’O2ER après une chirurgie cardiaque pédiatrique. Une caméra thermique plus sensible et l’acquisition de mesures plus précises du gradient thermique à partir d’un plus grand effectif pourraient améliorer nos résultats. / Introduction: Hemodynamic assessment of critical patients is challenging, and clinician estimation of cardiac output is unreliable. Extremity heat is used to assess peripheral perfusion but remains highly subjective. A high thermal gradient between core and the peripheral temperature has been correlated with increased systemic vascular resistance and decreased cardiac output. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the thermal gradient obtained by infrared thermography (IRT) and the oxygen extraction ratio (O2ER) in children aged 0 to 18 years, after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Method: Prospective observational study of children undergoing postoperative cardiac surgery with cardio-pulmonary bypass. The thermal gradient between the central (inner eye cantus) and peripheral (hallux) temperatures obtained by IRT was compared with concomitant O2ER in the first 24 hours postoperatively. Results: 41 patients were included. A weak correlation was found between the thermal gradient and O2ER (r = 0.25 p = 0.016). This correlation increased for higher O2ER levels. Cerebral near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) also correlated significantly with thermal gradient (r = -28 p=0.001). Only age significantly influenced the thermal gradient. Vasopressor and vasodilator agents had no influence. Conclusion: A significant but weak correlation was observed between thermal gradient by IRT and O2ER after pediatric cardiac surgery. A more sensitive thermal camera and acquiring of more accurate thermal gradient measurements from a larger population could improve our results.