Thesis, PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2006. / Title from title screen (site viewed May. 20, 2008). PDF text: ix, 104 p. ; 547 K. UMI publication number: AAT 3298148. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfilm and microfiche formats.

With ageing comes a deterioration of metabolic and physiological changes that often manifest themselves as age-related comorbidities. Calorie restriction (CR) is a robust intervention that can prevent and reverse such changes, resulting in reduced ageassociated disease and increased lifespan across a wide range of species. Moreover, a link between the extent of restriction and increased lifespan has also been established. Though widely studied, the mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of CR have yet to be fully understood. Consequently, I investigated metabolomic changes in the liver, plasma, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and cerebellum in five month old male C57BL/6 mice undergoing three months of either 10, 20, 30 or 40% CR, in addition to 12 hour and 24 hour ad libitum fed groups. Behavioural, physiological and molecular data was collected on each individual mouse and I used this information, in addition to my own metabolomic data to determine associations between phenotypic changes with graded CR. My results indicate that increasing CR resulted in greater numbers of significantly differentiated metabolites across all four tissues, and these were related to changes across sphingolipids, carnitines, bile acids, vitamins and amino acids. Metabolic remodelling in the liver indicated a shift from lipogenesis to lipolysis and changes in the plasma indicated an increase in absorption of vitamins from the stomach and colon. Changes in neurotransmitters and their precursors suggested activity and temperature driven BAT activation, in addition to an increase in antioxidant power, this was also seen in the cerebellum where metabolites associated with signalling in the hypothalamus were increased in a graded fashion with CR. In all tissues changes were linked with behaviours that accompany hunger signalling such as increased food anticipatory activity and reduced body temperature. Together, these changes reflect multi-tissue beneficial effects of CR, which may function to alleviate age-related comorbidities.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--UCLA, 2009. / Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-100).

I investigated the effects of continuous administration of fluoxetine, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on energy expenditure, body temperature, and thyroid and catecholamine metabolism during weight reduction using a very low calorie diet (VLCD, Optifast, 1757 kJ/day) followed by a balanced deficit diet (BDD, 5016 kJ/day). Fluoxetine (60 mg/day by mouth, n = 10) or placebo (n = 10) were administered during 3 weeks of inpatient VLCD followed by 8 weeks of outpatient BDD in a double-blind, randomized design. A similar amount of weight was lost in both groups during the VLCD, but by the end of the BDD total weight loss in the fluoxetine group was significantly greater (11.0 $ pm$ 1.1 kg vs. 7.0 $ pm$ 1.0 kg, mean $ pm$ SEM, p $<$ 0.015). Resting metabolic rate (RMR) increased by 4.4 $ pm$ 1.8% (p $<$ 0.01) in the fluoxetine group but did not change in the placebo group during the first week of the VLCD, but subsequently decreased significantly in both groups as dieting continued. However, RMR remained consistently higher in the fluoxetine group for the duration of the VLCD period. No further change in RMR occurred in either group during the BDD period. The thermic effect of food did not change after VLC dieting plus fluoxetine or placebo treatment. Body temperature increased within 2 days of fluoxetine treatment by a mean of 0.3$ sp circ$C, p $<$ 0.025 and remained elevated throughout the VLCD but was unchanged in the placebo group. VLCD therapy reduced serum levels of T$ sb3$, free T$ sb3$ Index and 24-hour urinary excretion of dopamine, norepinephrine, metanephrine and normetanephrine equivalently in both groups. A thermogenic effect of fluoxetine is demonstrated in humans for the first time. The anorectic effect of fluoxetine may be related to its temperature elevating effect.

Thesis (M.Med.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Paeddiatrics and Reproductive Health Research, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2008. / "January 2008" Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.

Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2005. / Advisor: J. Michael Overton, Florida State University, College of Human Sciences, Dept. of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Jan. 26, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 34 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--York University, 2008. Graduate Programme in Kinesiology and Health Science. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-103). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR51577

The purpose of this study was to determine the plasma lipid variations during periods of low calorie diet and low calorie diet plus increased physical activity. Four male graduate students, with above normal activity levels, volunteered for the 10 week study which was divided into five experimental periods. The first, or control condition involved a two week period during which the subjects received a regular diet of normal foods equivalent to approximately 3600 calories per day. During this period 'normal' activity was maintained. The second treatment condition involved a 10 day period of a low calorie diet, with continued 'normal' activity. The low calorie diet was equivalent to approximately 1800 calories daily, of natural foods, plus one multiple vitamin pill. The third experimental period was similar to the control period; a two week period during which the subjects received approximately 4000 calories, per day, of the regular diet. Again, 'normal' activity was maintained. The fourth treatment condition was identical to the second experimental period with the additional requirement of increased daily energy expenditure, per subject, of 500 calories. The final experimental period consisted of a two week period of the regular diet with 'normal' activity. Blood samples were taken, following an overnight fast, twice during each experimental period: once mid-way through the period and again at the end. Plasma triglyceride and free fatty acid concentrations were measured in duplicate in each sample. The results of orthogonal comparisons among treatment means showed a statistically significant increase in the plasma free fatty acid concentration during the low calorie diet and the low calorie diet plus exercise treatment conditions. Increased mobilization of free fatty acids from adipose tissue triglycerides in response to the insufficient dietary supply of substrates for metabolism was cited as the mechanism responsible for the rise in free fatty acid concentration. Neuman-Keuls method was used to examine the effect of the increased physical activity during the low calorie diet periods; the results showed that the increased physical activity had no significant effect on the plasma free fatty acids. Similar statistical procedures applied to the plasma triglyceride values showed a significant decrease in the plasma triglyceride concentration during the low calorie diet and the low calorie diet plus increased physical activity periods. The stress of the low calorie diet on the habitually active subjects was responsible for the decreased levels. The lipid and carbohydrate content of the normal and the low calorie diets, as well as increased peripheral uptake of triglycerides, were suggested as possible explanations for the plasma triglyceride changes. The additional daily output of 500 Calories during the second stress condition was not of sufficient magnitude to elicit a further decrease in plasma triglyceride concentration. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

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