Procurou-se avaliar parâmetros fisiológicos de antas (Tapirus terrestris) de vida livre capturadas no Parque Estadual Morro do Diabo, estado de São Paulo, Brasil, entre 1996-2008 pelo Programa Anta Mata Atlântica. Paralelamente, avaliou-se a exposição desses animais a patógenos de interesse em saúde pública e saúde animal. Nesse período foram obtidas amostras de 35 animais. Os valores médios de hemograma e bioquímica sérica foram comparados com os valores de referência do ISIS, através do uso do teste t de Student. Os resultados médios de todos os parâmetros avaliados estavam dento do intervalo de variação descrito para a espécie em cativeiro. Títulos sorológicos incluíram Encefalite Equina Oeste (n=1 animal), Encefalite Equina Leste (n=6), Leptospira interrogans sorovar pomona (n=6), Leptospira interrogans sorovar autumnalis (n=1), Leptospira interrogans sorovar hebdomadi (n=1), Língua Azul (n=5), Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina (IBR) (n=1). Não foi detectada a presença de anticorpos para Febre Aftosa, Doença de Aujeszky, Parvovirose Suína, Diarréia Viral Bovina, Leucose Bovina, Estomatite Vesicular, Anemia Infecciosa Equina e Brucelose. Todas as capturadas apresentavam alta infestação de carrapatos, identificados como Amblyomma brasiliense, Amblyomma cajennense, Amblyomma coelebs, Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma naponense, Haemaphysalis juxtakochi e Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Alguns animais apresentaram Tunga penetrans e mosca-do-chifre (Haematobia irritans). Oito amostras de urinas de antas de vida livre foram analisadas e descritas pela primeira vez. Os swabs das cavidades naturais apresentaram Staphylococcus aureus em todos os orifícios. Escherichia coli em todos os orifícios, com exceção da orelha. Proteus sp. em todos os orifícios, com exceção do prepúcio. Ânus e vagina presentaram as mesmas bactérias, já prepúcio e ânus se distinguiram pelo Staphylococcus saprophyticus. / It was evaluated physiologic parameters of wild Lowland tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) captured in Morro do Diabo State Park, São Paulo state, Brazil, between 1996 2008 by Atlantic Rainforest Lowland Tapir Program. Together, it was evaluated the expose of these animals to pathogens of public health and animal health interest. During this time it was collected samples from 35 animals. The medium value of blood cells and serum biochemistry were compared with reference values of ISIS, with the t test of Student. All medium values of parameters evaluated were inside of regular range described for the specie in captivity. Serologic titles include West Equine Encephalitis (n= 1 animal), East Equine Encephalitis (n=6), Leptospira interrogans sorovar pomona (n=6), Leptospira interrogans sorovar autumnalis (n=1), Leptospira interrogans sorovar hebdomadi (n=1), Bluetongue (n=5), Infectious Bovine Rhinotraqueitis (IBR) (n=1). It was not detected antibodies to Foot and Mouth Disease, Aujeszky\'s disease, Porcine Parvovirosis, Bovine Viral Diarrhea, Bovine Leucosis, Vesicular Stomatitis, Equine Infectious Anemia and Brucelosis. All captured animals had high level of infestation of ticks, identified as Amblyomma brasiliense, Amblyomma cajennense, Amblyomma coelebs, Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma naponense, Haemaphysalis juxtakochi and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Some animals had Tunga penetrans and mosca-do-chifre (Haematobia irritans). Eight samples of urine from wild tapirs were analyzed and described first time. The swabs from natural cavity showed Staphylococcus aureus in all of them. Escherichia coli in all cavities, except ears. Proteus sp. in all cavities, except prepucial. Anus and vagina showed the same kinds of bacteria, but prepucial and vagina show the same bacteria, and prepucial and anus to be different because Staphylococcus saprophyticus.

The objectives of my research were twofold: 1) to evaluate new technologies (camera traps and a new type of GPS collar) for studying large mammals in tropical forests, and 2) to study the ecology of the lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris) in the Peruvian Amazon. Camera traps proved to be an efficient tool for mammal inventories in tropical forests. They recorded 24 out of 28 terrestrial medium and large sized mammal species with a survey effort of 2340 camera days. Camera traps were also able to reveal important information on habitat use, activity patterns and the use of mineral licks for five Amazonian ungulate species. There was a high spatial overlap between all the species with the grey brocket deer being the only species that was restricted to terra firme forest. White-lipped peccaries, tapirs and red brocket deer frequently used mineral licks, whereas collared peccaries and grey brocket deer were hardly ever observed at licks. A new type of GPS collar (TrackTag) tested in this study performed well under the dense canopy of a tropical forest. Position success rates of 87% for stationary collars and 48% for collars placed on tapirs were comparable to data obtained with GPS collars in temperate forests. The mean location error for stationary collars inside the forest was 28.9 m and the 95% error was 76.8 m. GPS collars placed on six tapirs for seven to 182 days showed home range sizes of 102 to 386 hectares. Tapirs were mainly nocturnal and areas used for foraging during the night differed from resting sites used during the day. Tapirs could walk up to 10 km to visit a mineral lick. Visits were irregular at intervals of a few days up to 36 days. The analysis of 135 tapir dung samples showed that tapirs ingest seeds of over 120 plant species. Seeds were found throughout the year but monthly species diversity was related to fruit availability. The size distribution of ingested seeds was related to availability. Most seeds were less then 10 mm wide, but seeds up to 25 mm were found. Both camera traps and TrackTag GPS collars greatly increased the possibilities for studying large rainforest mammals. The two technologies collect complementary information and each one is suited for a different set of questions.

Procurou-se avaliar parâmetros fisiológicos de antas (Tapirus terrestris) de vida livre capturadas no Parque Estadual Morro do Diabo, estado de São Paulo, Brasil, entre 1996-2008 pelo Programa Anta Mata Atlântica. Paralelamente, avaliou-se a exposição desses animais a patógenos de interesse em saúde pública e saúde animal. Nesse período foram obtidas amostras de 35 animais. Os valores médios de hemograma e bioquímica sérica foram comparados com os valores de referência do ISIS, através do uso do teste t de Student. Os resultados médios de todos os parâmetros avaliados estavam dento do intervalo de variação descrito para a espécie em cativeiro. Títulos sorológicos incluíram Encefalite Equina Oeste (n=1 animal), Encefalite Equina Leste (n=6), Leptospira interrogans sorovar pomona (n=6), Leptospira interrogans sorovar autumnalis (n=1), Leptospira interrogans sorovar hebdomadi (n=1), Língua Azul (n=5), Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina (IBR) (n=1). Não foi detectada a presença de anticorpos para Febre Aftosa, Doença de Aujeszky, Parvovirose Suína, Diarréia Viral Bovina, Leucose Bovina, Estomatite Vesicular, Anemia Infecciosa Equina e Brucelose. Todas as capturadas apresentavam alta infestação de carrapatos, identificados como Amblyomma brasiliense, Amblyomma cajennense, Amblyomma coelebs, Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma naponense, Haemaphysalis juxtakochi e Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Alguns animais apresentaram Tunga penetrans e mosca-do-chifre (Haematobia irritans). Oito amostras de urinas de antas de vida livre foram analisadas e descritas pela primeira vez. Os swabs das cavidades naturais apresentaram Staphylococcus aureus em todos os orifícios. Escherichia coli em todos os orifícios, com exceção da orelha. Proteus sp. em todos os orifícios, com exceção do prepúcio. Ânus e vagina presentaram as mesmas bactérias, já prepúcio e ânus se distinguiram pelo Staphylococcus saprophyticus. / It was evaluated physiologic parameters of wild Lowland tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) captured in Morro do Diabo State Park, São Paulo state, Brazil, between 1996 2008 by Atlantic Rainforest Lowland Tapir Program. Together, it was evaluated the expose of these animals to pathogens of public health and animal health interest. During this time it was collected samples from 35 animals. The medium value of blood cells and serum biochemistry were compared with reference values of ISIS, with the t test of Student. All medium values of parameters evaluated were inside of regular range described for the specie in captivity. Serologic titles include West Equine Encephalitis (n= 1 animal), East Equine Encephalitis (n=6), Leptospira interrogans sorovar pomona (n=6), Leptospira interrogans sorovar autumnalis (n=1), Leptospira interrogans sorovar hebdomadi (n=1), Bluetongue (n=5), Infectious Bovine Rhinotraqueitis (IBR) (n=1). It was not detected antibodies to Foot and Mouth Disease, Aujeszky\'s disease, Porcine Parvovirosis, Bovine Viral Diarrhea, Bovine Leucosis, Vesicular Stomatitis, Equine Infectious Anemia and Brucelosis. All captured animals had high level of infestation of ticks, identified as Amblyomma brasiliense, Amblyomma cajennense, Amblyomma coelebs, Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma naponense, Haemaphysalis juxtakochi and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Some animals had Tunga penetrans and mosca-do-chifre (Haematobia irritans). Eight samples of urine from wild tapirs were analyzed and described first time. The swabs from natural cavity showed Staphylococcus aureus in all of them. Escherichia coli in all cavities, except ears. Proteus sp. in all cavities, except prepucial. Anus and vagina showed the same kinds of bacteria, but prepucial and vagina show the same bacteria, and prepucial and anus to be different because Staphylococcus saprophyticus.