A vegetation survey, on the plant community level of organization, was conducted on the Mfabeni swamp on the eastern shores of Lake St Lucia. The survey included both the sedge/grass swamp and the swamp forest. Mfabeni swamp is a peatland with peat up to 10m in depth. Except for limited studies in Lesotho and KwaZulu-Natal, this is a first vegetation survey on the plant community level of peatland vegetation in southern Africa. Total floristic composition and habitat information were recorded in 214 sample plots, fully referenced by GPS for GIS mapping. The data were captured in the TURBOVEG data base for vegetation data, classified using the TWINSPAN numerical classification algorithm and phytosociological tables were compiled using the MEGATAB computerized table management program. Fourteen plant communities were identified, characterized by diagnostic and dominant species, described, and the localities noted by GIS. The data were also processed by the PCOrd numerical ordination program and the axes of the resulting ordination diagrams were related to environmental conditions. This gave an indication of the environmental factors controlling the existence and distribution patterns of the different plant communities. An ordination was run on the habitat data collected to further illustrate the relationship between the plant communities and environmental variables. It seems that water depth, seasonality of the water depth and certain water chemical properties, such as pH conductivity and dissolved oxygen content of the water play an important role in determining floristic composition and therefore plant community type in the Mfabeni swamp. / Dissertation (MSc(Botany))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Plant Science / unrestricted

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O presente trabalho tem por finalidade discutir a leitura que Lucia Miguel Pereira faz de Virginia Woolf em quatro ensaios, Dualidade de Virginia Woolf, Crítica e feminismo, O Big Ben e o carrilhão fantasista e Assombração, nos quais explora aspectos importantes dos ensaios e romances da escritora inglesa. Para Lucia Miguel Pereira, a nova forma do ensaio idealizada por Woolf consiste em uma renovação estética que a distingue de seus predecessores e contemporâneos pela união da linguagem crítica com a narrativa. Denominada de abordagem humanista pela crítica brasileira, a concepção de Woolf possibilita um espaço de criação artística capaz de envolver o leitor e estabelecer uma relação de intensa proximidade com ele. Entretanto, as explicações de natureza estética de Woolf, que congregam mito e movimento feminista para a criação dessa nova forma, são vistas por Pereira mais como resultado de uma visão pessoal da escritora do que como crítica literária propriamente dita. Com relação ao tempo ficcional, seguindo a sugestão de Lucia Miguel Pereira a respeito da necessidade de interação entre tempo cronológico e psicológico no romance, é feita uma leitura comparativa de To the lighthouse e Mrs. Dalloway, de Virginia Woolf, e Amanhecer, da autoria da escritora brasileira, a fim de demonstrar como ambas lidaram com a temporalidade no romance. O fio condutor da análise é a proposta estética de Woolf e o ponto de vista da crítica brasileira. / This thesis aims at investigating Lucia Miguel Pereiras reading of Virginia Woolf in four of her articles, Dualidade de Virginia Woolf, Crítica e feminismo, O Big Ben e o carrilhão fantasista, and Assombração, in which she explores key aspects of the English writers essays and novels. According to Lucia Miguel Pereira, Woolfs essays are formally innovative and her renewal of the form distinguishes her from her predecessors and contemporaries. Such differences are reinforced by the simultaneous use of narrative and critical language, which raises the essay to status of an artistic creation, capable of involving the reader by means of an interaction and closeness which Pereira names as a humanistic approach. However, Pereira considers Woolfs explanations of her aesthetics, which include myth and feminism, as resulting much more from her very personal stance than as literary criticism as such. As for fictional time, taking up Lucia Miguel Pereiras suggestion about the necessary interaction between chronological and psychological time in the novel, we compare To the lighthouse and Mrs. Dalloway, by Virginia Woolf, and Amanhecer, by the Brazilian novelist, in order to demonstrate how both writers deal with temporality in the novel, bearing in mind Woolfs aesthetic proposal and the Brazilian critics point of view.

O reprogramador neuromuscular Jig de Lucia evita que ocorram interferências oclusais, melhorando assim a avaliação das alterações e distúrbios na oclusão. No presente estudo, foram analisados 42 indivíduos dentados saudáveis, portadores de normo oclusão, respiradores nasais, Classe I de Angle, sem hábitos parafuncionais e disfunção temporomandibular, com a idade entre 21 a 40 anos em ambos os gêneros, com o objetivo de avaliar a atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos masseter e temporal, bilateralmente. Os registros eletromiográficos foram realizados com o eletromiógrafo MyoSystem-Br1. A avaliação foi executada antes da instalação do dispositivo de reprogramação neuromuscular na condição postural de repouso e após a sua instalação sobre dentes incisivos centrais superiores (11 e 21), apresentando contato incisal dos incisivos centrais inferiores na porção palatina do dispositivo nos seguintes períodos de tempo:0, 5 \', 10\', 15 \', 20\' e 30\'(minutos). Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística (SPSS 17.0) com nível de confiança de 95% (p < 0,05). Os resultados evidenciaram alterações da atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos mastigatórios com o uso do Jig de Lucia nos determinados tempos de estudo da pesquisa, mas não havendo diferença estatisticamente significante para todas as comparações efetuadas. Os autores concluíram que o jig de Lucia altera a atividade eletromiográfica, podendo assim levar a uma reprogramação neuromuscular da mandíbula, muito importante para atividade clínica do cirurgião dentista no diagnóstico correto na posição oclusal. / The Lucia\'s Jig neuromuscular reprogramming can eliminate occlusal interferences, thereby improving the evaluation of changes and disturbances in occlusion. In this study, we analyzed 42 healthy dentate subjects, patients with normo-occlusion, nasal breathing, Angle Class I, without deleterious habits and temporomandibular joint dysfunction, with age between 21 to 40 years in both genders, with the aim of evaluating the electromyographic activity of masseter and temporal muscles bilaterally. The electromyographic recordings were performed with the EMG-Br1 Myosystem. The evaluation was performed before placing the device in neuromuscular reprogramming of rest postural condition and after installation in the upper central incisors (11 and 21), incisal one contact the lower central incisor tooth in the palatine portion of the device in following time periods: 0, 5 \', 10\', 15 \'20\' and 30\'(minutes). Data were subjected to statistical analysis (SPSS 17.0) with a confidence level of 95% (p <0.05). The results showed changes in electromyographic activity of masticatory muscles using the Lucia\'s Jig in certain times of the research study, but there was no statistically significant difference for all comparisons. The authors concluded that the Lucia\'s Jig changes electromyographic activity and may thus lead to a neuromuscular reprogramming of the jaw, even very important clinical activity oral surgeon for the correct diagnosis in occlusal position.

O Jig de Lucia, considerado um reprogramador neuromuscular é um dispositivo confeccionado nos incisivos centrais superiores e, utilizado na clínica odontológica com finalidade de desocluir os dentes e consequentemente desprogramar o padrão de atividade neuromuscular evitando que ocorram interferências oclusais e, assim, possibilitando a melhor manipulação da mandíbula, como também, possibilitando a avaliação das alterações e distúrbios na oclusão dental. No presente estudo, foram analisados 33 indivíduos dentados saudáveis, portadores de disfunção temporomandibular muscular ou mista, respiradores nasais, com a idade entre 21 a 40 anos em ambos os gêneros, com o objetivo de avaliar a atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos masseter e temporal, bilateralmente antes e após a instalação do Jig de Lúcia por meio dos registros eletromiográficos. Para tanto foi utilizado o eletromiógrafo MyoSystem- Br1 e, a avaliação inicial foi executada antes da instalação do dispositivo de reprogramação neuromuscular na condição postural de repouso e após a sua instalação sobre dentes incisivos centrais superiores, apresentando contato da superfície incisal dos incisivos centrais inferiores na porção palatina do dispositivo nos seguintes períodos de tempo: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 30 minutos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística (SPSS 17.0) com nível de confiança de 95% (p < 0,05). Os resultados não mostraram alterações estatisticamente significativas em todas as situações analisadas eletromiograficamente. / Lucia Jig, deemed as a neuromuscular re-programmer, is a device manufactured on the upper central incisors and, used in Odontology as a means of disoccluding the teeth and, consequently deprogramming the pattern of neuromuscular activity, avoiding occlusal interferences and, therefore, making it better the manipulation of the jaw, as well as allowing the assessment of dental occlusion alterations and disorders . In the present study, we analyzed 33 healthy dentate subjects, both genders, suffering from muscular or mixed temporomandibular disorder, nasal breathers, between 21 and 40 years old, aiming to assess, bilaterally, the electromyographic activity of the masseter and temporal muscles, before and after the installation of Lucia Jig, by means of electromyographic records. In order to do so, the MyoSystem-Br1 electromyograph was used and, the initial assessment was performed before the installation of the neuromuscular re-programming device, in resting posture condition and after its installation on the upper central incisors, showing contact of the incisal surface of the lower central incisors on the palate portion of the device on the following time periods: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 minutes. The data were submitted to statistical analysis ( SPSS 17.0) with 95% confidence level ( p < 0.05). The results showed no statistical significant alterations in all electromyographically analyzed situations.

<p>How does music teacher work in class with traditions in the school's world?</p><p>I sent out 53 questionnaires to music teacher that works with music in class, in order to find out what the school learn the students about our traditions. When I put together the questionnaires and the background material, I come among other thing until that three fourth dividing off the examined the music teachers do not appear to leave off some folded contained Lucia- and the Christmas tradition. Those music teachers who replied on the questionnaire seem not to notice the immigrant’s traditions.</p><p>In this exam work has I also overall and put together background materials, as among other things points on the value of traditions. They are is important by different reasons as for example to create a safe adolescence environment for the pupil.</p>

How does music teacher work in class with traditions in the school's world? I sent out 53 questionnaires to music teacher that works with music in class, in order to find out what the school learn the students about our traditions. When I put together the questionnaires and the background material, I come among other thing until that three fourth dividing off the examined the music teachers do not appear to leave off some folded contained Lucia- and the Christmas tradition. Those music teachers who replied on the questionnaire seem not to notice the immigrant’s traditions. In this exam work has I also overall and put together background materials, as among other things points on the value of traditions. They are is important by different reasons as for example to create a safe adolescence environment for the pupil.

A decision support framework (DSF) to guide watershed management planning in St. Lucia was developed. The DSF, supported by three components, integrated physiographic criteria in spatially defining sustainable land management regimes, crop suitability based on agro-ecologic zoning criteria, and water quality modelling tools. / In the first component, a methodology for agricultural and forestry land management zoning based on decision-rule frameworks was developed, employing GIS-based spatial multiple-criteria integration techniques. Land capability, recommended land management regimes, crop suitability and broad agricultural/forestry land utilization type zones were derived for the country. Sixteen broad agricultural and forestry land utilization types (LUTs) based on FAO agro-ecologic zoning guidelines were spatially defined over the island. These LUT zones represent relative suitability for rain-fed annual and perennial crop production, grazing and forestry. / In the second component, field research to quantify rainfall, runoff and erosion from two small watersheds under contrasting land management regimes was undertaken. Over the study period the erosion rate from an intensively cultivated, degraded agricultural watershed was 20 times that of a completely forested watershed. SCS curve numbers were evaluated for both watersheds based on rainfall-runoff relationships. / The third component demonstrated the application of a distributed-parameter hydrologic/water quality model, AnnAGNPS, in land management scenario evaluation, in terms of runoff and soil erosion. Data from the second component were used to calibrate and validate the model in simulation of daily runoff and erosion losses from the two watersheds over the study period. The model generally performed better in runoff simulation for the agricultural watershed compared to the forested watershed. Average annual erosion rates under current land management regimes were estimated at 73.3 and 7.2 t/ha for the agricultural and forested watersheds respectively. The model was applied to simulate runoff and erosion losses from the agricultural watershed under alternative sustainable land management regimes derived in the first component. Simulated average annual erosion losses were reduced to 9.2 t/ha. / This study demonstrated the application of efficient and powerful computer-based tools in the development of a decision support framework for watershed management planning for small islands.

The purpose of this research is to study how journalists in two Caribbean countries, Dominica and Saint Lucia, see their profession in a developing country where freedom of the press is high but where restrictions also occur. Through semi-structured in-depth interviews we will ask thirteen local journalists in the aforementioned countries what they think about journalistic values and ask for their thoughts on the journalists´ role and responsibility in society. We will also ask them about what limitations there might be to accomplish these ideals. Since every country differs from another, our study will lean on normative theories, and the study will be based on Hallin and Mancini's work Comparing media systems (2004) and their three models of media. According to the respondents in Saint Lucia and Dominica, the main role for the journalists is to report accurate, balanced and fair stories to the audience so that they can make informed decisions in their everyday life. However, the respondents in both countries face challenges in fulfilling these ideals where in Dominica the main challenge is access to information that prevents the press to work on a free basis. In Saint Lucia the respondents state that main obstacles are the “red tape”, i.e., the problematic bureaucratic procedure, that journalists have to deal with when trying to get information, and also threats such as lawsuits and pulled advertisement - something that prevents them from producing free and independent journalism. / <p>Detta är en Minor Field Study finansierad uppsats. </p>

O reprogramador neuromuscular Jig de Lucia evita que ocorram interferências oclusais, melhorando assim a avaliação das alterações e distúrbios na oclusão. No presente estudo, foram analisados 42 indivíduos dentados saudáveis, portadores de normo oclusão, respiradores nasais, Classe I de Angle, sem hábitos parafuncionais e disfunção temporomandibular, com a idade entre 21 a 40 anos em ambos os gêneros, com o objetivo de avaliar a atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos masseter e temporal, bilateralmente. Os registros eletromiográficos foram realizados com o eletromiógrafo MyoSystem-Br1. A avaliação foi executada antes da instalação do dispositivo de reprogramação neuromuscular na condição postural de repouso e após a sua instalação sobre dentes incisivos centrais superiores (11 e 21), apresentando contato incisal dos incisivos centrais inferiores na porção palatina do dispositivo nos seguintes períodos de tempo:0, 5 \', 10\', 15 \', 20\' e 30\'(minutos). Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística (SPSS 17.0) com nível de confiança de 95% (p < 0,05). Os resultados evidenciaram alterações da atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos mastigatórios com o uso do Jig de Lucia nos determinados tempos de estudo da pesquisa, mas não havendo diferença estatisticamente significante para todas as comparações efetuadas. Os autores concluíram que o jig de Lucia altera a atividade eletromiográfica, podendo assim levar a uma reprogramação neuromuscular da mandíbula, muito importante para atividade clínica do cirurgião dentista no diagnóstico correto na posição oclusal. / The Lucia\'s Jig neuromuscular reprogramming can eliminate occlusal interferences, thereby improving the evaluation of changes and disturbances in occlusion. In this study, we analyzed 42 healthy dentate subjects, patients with normo-occlusion, nasal breathing, Angle Class I, without deleterious habits and temporomandibular joint dysfunction, with age between 21 to 40 years in both genders, with the aim of evaluating the electromyographic activity of masseter and temporal muscles bilaterally. The electromyographic recordings were performed with the EMG-Br1 Myosystem. The evaluation was performed before placing the device in neuromuscular reprogramming of rest postural condition and after installation in the upper central incisors (11 and 21), incisal one contact the lower central incisor tooth in the palatine portion of the device in following time periods: 0, 5 \', 10\', 15 \'20\' and 30\'(minutes). Data were subjected to statistical analysis (SPSS 17.0) with a confidence level of 95% (p <0.05). The results showed changes in electromyographic activity of masticatory muscles using the Lucia\'s Jig in certain times of the research study, but there was no statistically significant difference for all comparisons. The authors concluded that the Lucia\'s Jig changes electromyographic activity and may thus lead to a neuromuscular reprogramming of the jaw, even very important clinical activity oral surgeon for the correct diagnosis in occlusal position.