Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eliane Maria de Abreu.pdf: 4277577 bytes, checksum: e348aea662a72f8c959ad01563ee4b5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This research has as the main objective establish connections between the theme of love, one of the most important aspects in the work of the psychiatrist Ludwig Binswanger, and the ways of being of the Italian filmmaker Federico Fellini's characters: Cabíria, in Le notti di Cabíria, Guido, in 8 e ½, and the musicians in Prova d'orchestra. The phenomenological-existential approach, which Binswanger is one of the greatest representatives, is used in this paper as general theoretical fitting. Along with the love matter, Fellini's characters analysis gradually made room for the unreason and dreams matters. As the characters's life stories are closely related to the clownery theme, the clown's way of being is omnipresent as organizing course of the analysis. The clown's vibration or way of being, in their correlation with the unreason and the world of dreams, was used as one of the main interpretation aspects, given the importance of clowns and the circus in the filmmaker's life and work. The development of this research was leaded by the following question: would love be a gag to Federico Fellini and his characters? / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo central estabelecer conexões entre o tema do Amor, um dos principais eixos da obra do psiquiatra Ludwig Binswanger, e os modos de ser dos personagens do cineasta italiano Federico Fellini: Cabíria, do filme Noites de Cabíria, Guido, de Fellini 8 e ½, e os músicos, de Ensaio de orquestra. A abordagem fenomenológico-existencial, da qual Binswanger é um dos maiores representantes, é utilizada como enquadre teórico geral do trabalho. Ao lado da questão do amor, a análise dos personagens fellinianos abriu gradativamente espaço para a questão da desrazão e dos sonhos. Como as histórias de vida dos personagens estão estreitamente vinculadas ao tema da palhacice, a questão do modo de ser do palhaço é praticamente onipresente como vertente organizadora da análise. A vibração, ou modo de ser do palhaço, em suas correlações com a desrazão e o mundo dos sonhos, foi ainda utilizada como um dos principais eixos de interpretação dada a importância da presença dos palhaços e do circo na vida e obra do cineasta. A seguinte interrogação norteou todo o desenvolvimento do trabalho: seria o amor uma palhaçada para Federico Fellini e seus personagens?

A Sceptical Aesthetics of Existence: The Case of Michel Foucault Emmanouil Simos (Hughes Hall) Michel Foucault's genealogical investigations constitute a specific historical discourse that challenges the metaphysical hypostatisation of concepts and methodological approaches as unique devices for tracking metaphysically objective truths. Foucault's notion of aesthetics of existence, his elaboration of the ancient conceptualisation of ethics as an 'art of living' (a technē tou biou), along with a series of interconnected notions (such as the care of the self) that he developed in his later work, have a triple aspect. First, these notions are constitutive parts of his later genealogies of subjectivity. Second, they show that Foucault contemplates the possibility of understanding ethics differently, opposed to, for example, the traditional Kantian conceptualisation of morality: he envisages ethics in terms of self-fashioning, of aesthetic transformation, of turning one's life into a work of art. Third, Foucault employs these notions in self-referential way: they are considered to describe his own genealogical work. This thesis attempts to show two things. First, I defend the idea that the notion of aesthetics of existence was already present in a constitutive way from the beginning of his work, and, specifically, I argue that it can be traced in earlier moments of his work. Second, I defend the idea that this notion of aesthetics of existence is best understood in terms of the sceptical stance of Sextus Empiricus. It describes an ethics of critique of metaphysics that can be understood as a nominalist, contextualist, and particularist stance. The first chapter discusses Foucault's late genealogy of the subject. It formulates the interpretative framework within which Foucault's own conceptualisation of the aesthetics of existence can be understood as a sceptical stance, itself conceived as nominalist, contextualist and particularist. As the practice of an aesthetics of existence is not abstract and ahistorical but the engagement with the specific historical circumstances within which this practice is undertaken, the second chapter reconstructs the intellectual context from which Foucault's thought has emerged (Heidegger, Blanchot, and Nietzsche). The third chapter discusses representative examples of different periods of Foucault's thought -such as the "Introduction" to Binswanger's "Traum und Existenz" (1954), Histoire de la folie (1961), and Histoire de la sexualité I. La volonté de savoir (1976)- and shows in which way they constitute concrete instantiations of his sceptical aesthetics of existence. The thesis concludes with responses to a number of objections to the sceptical stance here defended.