Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 1970. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-91). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Inaug.-Diss.--Greifswald, 1933. / "Lebenslauf": 1 l. at end. "Literatur": p. [v]-viii.

Inaug.-Diss.--Greifswald, 1933. / "Lebenslauf": 1 l. at end. "Literatur": p. [v]-viii.

Proefschrift-Nederlandsche Hoogeschool, Rotterdam. / Includes bibliographical references.

Inaug.-diss.--Zürich.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1939. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 435-453).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1950. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [104]-105).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 1987. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-144). Also available on the World Wide Web.

The history of the lumber trade of British Columbia has been one of considerable fluctuation and recurring crises occasioned by historical changes over which the industry has had no control. With no large permanent home market to depend upon for stability, it has had to attain a flexibility which would allow it to accommodate itself to the ever-changing complexity of world markets, In its pioneer phase (1851-1886) the trade could depend on only small local markets in Victoria, New Westminster and, to some extent, San Francisco. With a scarcity of operating capital , no rail transportation whatever, and inadequate water transportation controlled by San Francisco brokers, the infant industry located on Vancouver Island, on Burrard Inlet and at New Westminster struggled for survival. Despite these handicaps, certain fairly reliable markets were gradually established In the awakening Pacific community in Australia, Chile, the Sandwich Islands, and China. The completion of the Canadian Pacific Railroad (1886) marked the real beginning of the lumber trade in British Columbia, it made possible the exploitation of the interior forests, presented the trade with the Prairie market, which was to sustain it until 1913 and it attracted plentiful capital to the industry for the first time. The completion of the Panama Canal in 1914 marked the third phase of the history of the trade, for it opened to the industry the communities of the Atlantic, especially the seaboard of the United States and the important United Kingdom market, This new cargo trade rescued the ailing industry from the collapse of the Prairie demand. The pattern of the lumber trade changed again after 1940. War-time shipping difficulties, followed by a seemingly permanent dollar shortage in the sterling area largely diminished the importance of the United Kingdom market a sustained period of prosperity in the United States, however, facilitated a shift of trade lines from the Old World to the New. The change was accelerated and consolidated by the rise of giant American cellulose corporations which invested heavily In British Columbia forest lands and production plants and integrated them into vast international complexes of industries whose main market is the pulp, lumber, and cellulose-hungry industries of the United States. This thesis attempts to trace these economic changes in the light of changing historical conditions and to discover the pattern which emerges from them. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

In a world that is moving at a feverish pace toward regional economic integration, much has yet to be understood about the process. In particular, research that delineates key factors in preventing, mitigating or resolving trade conflicts that arise between integration partners is in want. In the hope of contributing to filling this academic vacuum, this paper compares conflicts in different integration frameworks in North America and Europe. The cases are the Canada-U.S. softwood lumber dispute, an anti-dumping case involving the Nordic countries, a state aid conflict in Germany, and conflicts over export and import restrictions in the Slovak Republic and Poland respectively. Information on these cases was obtained from primary and secondary sources, as well as from interviews with officials in key stakeholder groups. These cases are assessed using variables of analysis familiar to integration theorists, namely, actors, mechanisms, and motivations. It is found that subnational actors were more likely than national or supranational actors to instigate and escalate conflicts. It is also found that the accessibility of multiple dispute resolution processes to actors at multiple levels were important in preventing, mitigating and resolving conflicts. From these findings, it is concluded that the multi-level governance theory of integration is better suited to explain the outcome than neofunctionalism or intergovernmentalism. These findings have significant implications for the management of relationships in integration frameworks.