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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Medicine, 1998. / Erratum is pasted onto back end-paper. Bibliography: leaves 164-207.

This document only includes an excerpt of the corresponding thesis or dissertation. To request a digital scan of the full text, please contact the Ruth Lilly Medical Library's Interlibrary Loan Department (rlmlill@iu.edu).

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Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is one of the most contagious viruses of animals and is recognised as the most important constraint to international trade in animals and animal products. Two fundamental problems remain to be understood before more effective control measures can be put in place. These problems are the FMDV „carrier state‟ and the short duration of immunity after vaccination which contrasts with prolonged immunity after natural infection. The aim of this thesis was to study the interaction between FDMV and cells in lymphoid tissue in the natural bovine host, in order to improve our understanding of the protective immune response. Using laser capture microdissection in combination with quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemical analysis and corroborated by in situ hybridization, it is shown that FMDV locates rapidly to, and is maintained in, the light zone of germinal centres following primary infection of naïve cattle. Maintenance of non-replicating FMDV in these sites may represent a source of persisting infectious virus and also contribute to the generation of long-lasting antibody responses against neutralising epitopes of the virus. The role of T-lymphocyte subsets in recovery from FMDV infection in calves was investigated by administering subset-specific mouse monoclonal antibodies. Depletion of circulating CD4+ or WC1+ γδ T cells was achieved for a period extending from before challenge to after resolution of viraemia and peak clinical signs, whereas CD8+ cell depletion was only partial. Depletion of CD4+ cells was also confirmed by analysis of lymph node biopsies 5 days post-challenge. Depletion with anti-WC1 and anti-CD8 antibodies had no effect on the kinetics of infection, clinical signs and immune responses following FMDV infection. Three of the four CD4+ T-cell-depleted calves failed to generate an antibody response to the non-structural polyprotein 3ABC, but generated a neutralising antibody response similar to that in the controls, including rapid isotype switching to IgG antibody. These data suggest that antibody responses to sites on the surface of the virus capsid are T cell-independent whereas those directed against the non-structural proteins are T cell-dependent. CD4 depletion was found to substantially inhibit antibody responses to the G-H peptide loop VP1135-156 on the viral capsid, indicating that responses to this particular site, which has a more mobile structure than other neutralising sites on the virus capsid, are T cell-dependent. Depletion of CD4+ T cells had no adverse effect on the magnitude or duration of clinical signs or clearance of virus from the circulation. In conclusion, CD4+ T-cell-independent antibody responses play a major role in the resolution of primary infection with FMDV in cattle.

Propôs-se a caracterização morfológica, funcional e de ocorrência das tonsilas linguais laterais. Compondo o Grupo experimental I, 25 espécimes de línguas humanas foram fixados em solução de formol a dez por cento e assim mantidos até o processamento. Os espécimes foram submetidos à exposição radiográfica para detecção de algum tecido mineralizado. As peças anatômicas foram examinadas a olho nu e com a utilização do estereomicroscópio. Obtiveram-se três blocos de tecido para a análise microscópica de cada espécime: um advindo da tonsila lingual e outros dois das margens laterais da região posterior do terço médio lingual, direito e esquerdo, respectivamente. Após o processamento histotécnico de rotina para coloração em hematoxilina-eosina de Harris, os espécimes foram analisados microscopicamente. Compondo-se o Grupo experimental II, procedeu-se à análise clínica dos tecidos moles bucais de 420 crianças em idade escolar, advindas da rede pública de ensino da cidade de Monte Negro, Estado de Rondônia, com o objetivo de se detectar a presença de tonsilas linguais laterais. Todas as análises, laboratoriais e clínicas, foram realizadas de forma descritiva e os dados obtidos, organizados e demonstrados comparativamente em tabelas e gráficos, com dados de freqüências absolutas e relativas. A análise clínica teve seus dados coletados correlacionados com a utilização do teste do quiquadrado. Aplicou-se a estatística kappa. Ao exame macroscópico: dos 25 espécimes de línguas humanas, nove apresentavam tonsilas linguais laterais (36%); o número de cristas nas papilas folhadas variou de um a seis. Ao microscópio óptico notou-se a presença de 16 espécimes com presença de tonsilas linguais laterais (64%, n=25); epitélio estratificado pavimentoso não queratinizado, com formação de criptas tonsilares e presença subepitelial de folículos linfóides. Na análise clínica, Grupo experimental II, o percentual de ocorrência de tonsilas linguais laterais (3,09%, n=420) foi proporcionalmente menor do que aquele obtido nos espécimes do Grupo experimental I (36%, n=25). Conclui-se que a ocorrência de tonsilas linguais laterais é maior quando obtida por análise microscópica, em comparação com a análise clínica. A presença e a morfologia das papilas folhadas linguais são inconstantes, quer no mesmo espécime, quer de um espécime para outro e podem mascarar a presença de tonsilas linguais laterais. / This study aimed to characterize the lateral lingual tonsils as to their morphology, function and occurrence. The experimental group I was composed of 25 specimens of human tongues fixated and kept in 10% formalin until processing. The specimens were radiographed for detection of any mineralized tissue. The specimens were examined by naked eye and with aid of a stereomicroscope. Three blocks of tissue were obtained from each specimen for microscopic analysis: one from the lingual tonsil and two from the lateral borders of the posterior region of medium, right and left thirds, respectively. After routine histotechnical processing and staining with Harris hematoxylin and eosin, the specimens were microscopically analyzed. The experimental group II was achieved by clinical analysis of oral soft tissues of 420 schoolchildren attending public schools at the city of Monte Negro, State of Rondônia, to investigate the presence of lateral lingual tonsils. All laboratory and clinical analyses were performed descriptively and data were organized and comparatively demonstrated on tables and graphs, presenting absolute and relative frequencies. The results of clinical analysis were correlated by utilization of the chisquare test. The kappa statistics was applied. Macroscopic examination of 25 specimens of human tongues revealed that nine presented lateral lingual tonsils (36%); the number of crests in each foliate papilla ranged from one to six. At the microscopic analysis of 25 specimens revealed that 16 presented lateral lingual tonsils (64%, n=25); non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with formation of tonsillar crypts and subepithelial presence of lymphoid follicles. With regard to clinical analysis of experimental group II, the percentage of occurrence of lateral lingual tonsils (3.09%, n=420) was proportionally lower than observed on specimens in experimental group I (36%, n=25). It was concluded that the occurrence of lateral lingual tonsils is higher when analyzed by microscopic analysis compared to clinical analysis. The presence and morphology of foliate papillae of the tongue are inconstant, both within and between specimens. They can mask lateral lingual tonsils.

Propôs-se a caracterização morfológica, funcional e de ocorrência das tonsilas linguais laterais. Compondo o Grupo experimental I, 25 espécimes de línguas humanas foram fixados em solução de formol a dez por cento e assim mantidos até o processamento. Os espécimes foram submetidos à exposição radiográfica para detecção de algum tecido mineralizado. As peças anatômicas foram examinadas a olho nu e com a utilização do estereomicroscópio. Obtiveram-se três blocos de tecido para a análise microscópica de cada espécime: um advindo da tonsila lingual e outros dois das margens laterais da região posterior do terço médio lingual, direito e esquerdo, respectivamente. Após o processamento histotécnico de rotina para coloração em hematoxilina-eosina de Harris, os espécimes foram analisados microscopicamente. Compondo-se o Grupo experimental II, procedeu-se à análise clínica dos tecidos moles bucais de 420 crianças em idade escolar, advindas da rede pública de ensino da cidade de Monte Negro, Estado de Rondônia, com o objetivo de se detectar a presença de tonsilas linguais laterais. Todas as análises, laboratoriais e clínicas, foram realizadas de forma descritiva e os dados obtidos, organizados e demonstrados comparativamente em tabelas e gráficos, com dados de freqüências absolutas e relativas. A análise clínica teve seus dados coletados correlacionados com a utilização do teste do quiquadrado. Aplicou-se a estatística kappa. Ao exame macroscópico: dos 25 espécimes de línguas humanas, nove apresentavam tonsilas linguais laterais (36%); o número de cristas nas papilas folhadas variou de um a seis. Ao microscópio óptico notou-se a presença de 16 espécimes com presença de tonsilas linguais laterais (64%, n=25); epitélio estratificado pavimentoso não queratinizado, com formação de criptas tonsilares e presença subepitelial de folículos linfóides. Na análise clínica, Grupo experimental II, o percentual de ocorrência de tonsilas linguais laterais (3,09%, n=420) foi proporcionalmente menor do que aquele obtido nos espécimes do Grupo experimental I (36%, n=25). Conclui-se que a ocorrência de tonsilas linguais laterais é maior quando obtida por análise microscópica, em comparação com a análise clínica. A presença e a morfologia das papilas folhadas linguais são inconstantes, quer no mesmo espécime, quer de um espécime para outro e podem mascarar a presença de tonsilas linguais laterais. / This study aimed to characterize the lateral lingual tonsils as to their morphology, function and occurrence. The experimental group I was composed of 25 specimens of human tongues fixated and kept in 10% formalin until processing. The specimens were radiographed for detection of any mineralized tissue. The specimens were examined by naked eye and with aid of a stereomicroscope. Three blocks of tissue were obtained from each specimen for microscopic analysis: one from the lingual tonsil and two from the lateral borders of the posterior region of medium, right and left thirds, respectively. After routine histotechnical processing and staining with Harris hematoxylin and eosin, the specimens were microscopically analyzed. The experimental group II was achieved by clinical analysis of oral soft tissues of 420 schoolchildren attending public schools at the city of Monte Negro, State of Rondônia, to investigate the presence of lateral lingual tonsils. All laboratory and clinical analyses were performed descriptively and data were organized and comparatively demonstrated on tables and graphs, presenting absolute and relative frequencies. The results of clinical analysis were correlated by utilization of the chisquare test. The kappa statistics was applied. Macroscopic examination of 25 specimens of human tongues revealed that nine presented lateral lingual tonsils (36%); the number of crests in each foliate papilla ranged from one to six. At the microscopic analysis of 25 specimens revealed that 16 presented lateral lingual tonsils (64%, n=25); non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with formation of tonsillar crypts and subepithelial presence of lymphoid follicles. With regard to clinical analysis of experimental group II, the percentage of occurrence of lateral lingual tonsils (3.09%, n=420) was proportionally lower than observed on specimens in experimental group I (36%, n=25). It was concluded that the occurrence of lateral lingual tonsils is higher when analyzed by microscopic analysis compared to clinical analysis. The presence and morphology of foliate papillae of the tongue are inconstant, both within and between specimens. They can mask lateral lingual tonsils.

Erratum is pasted onto back end-paper. / Bibliography: leaves 164-207. / xvii, 207, [26] leaves, [23] leaves of plates : ill. (chiefly col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Explores the hypothesis that physiological inflammation in the small intestine and the mesenteric lymph node is upregulated during the weaning period. Aims to determine changes in the number, phenotype, and activation status (using interleukin-2 receptor expression) of intraepithelial lymphocytes, lamina propria lymphocytes, mucosal mast cells, and mesenteric lymph node cells from preweaning to post weaning rats. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Medicine, 1998

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1982.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1982.