While much research has been done to broaden the understanding of the menstrual cycle, there appears to be no study that has focused upon the professional's attitudes and knowledge regarding menstruation. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to study the attitudes toward and the knowledge of menstruation held by those of the psychological and medical professions. Sex differences in these areas were also explored.The subjects were practicing psychologists and counselors (50), graduate-level counseling psychology practicum students (33), medical interns and residents (25), and undergraduate students (85). A 4 x 2 multivariate design was utilized with groupings by population and sex. Dependent variables were scores on The Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire and The Menstrual Knowledge Test. The main effects were tested in a multivariate sense. Univariate statistics were used to interpret significant simple effects. All findings were interpreted at alpha level p<.05.Three of the four null hypotheses were rejected. Analysis of the data revealed significant differences among all groups in menstrual attitudes (p<.000). The male and female attitudinal responses were significantly different in all but the practicing psychologists and counselors group (p<.000). The undergraduate student group displayed significantly less knowledge regarding menstruation than the other groups (p<.000). There were no significant differences in the knowledge levels between sexes (p<.386).For the most part, the undergraduate group held more extreme attitudes toward and less knowledge regarding menstruation than the other groups. This suggested that a combination of life experience and additional education promotes an adjustment toward more positive attitudes and an increase in knowledge regarding menstruation. Of particular importance was the indication that the medical profession may be more negatively biased toward women who experience difficulty during menstruation than the psychological profession. However, the belief that women should deny the negative aspects of menstruation and act as if the difficulties experienced are not bothersome, existed to sane degree in all groups.It was recommended that training programs in psychology and medicine include intensive education regarding the influence of menstruation upon women and that a more comprehensive assessment tool be developed to measure knowledge about menstruation and treatment for menstrual related problems.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1943. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1988. / Vita. Bibliography: leaves [256]-279.

Thesis (M.D.) -- College of Medicine of Maryland, 1812. / Half title: An inaugural essay on catamenia. Caption title: On menstruation. Microform version available in the Readex Early American Imprints series.

Thesis (M.A.)--Carleton University, 1988. / Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

No description available.

Luteal regression progesterone withdrawal, vasoconstriction of uterine vessels with ischaemia, hypoxia, necrosis are important events in the initiation of menstruation. Local factors, possibly released from endometrial inflammatory type cells, may also be involved. A family of enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases, identified within human endometrium are involved in tissue breakdown via actions on the extracellular matrix. Vasoactive substances, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, which stimulate angiogenesis are also present within the endometrium. Both factors may be important in initiation and regulation of menstruation, and have a role to play in the aetiology of abnormal uterine bleeding. Exogenous sex steroid hormones, oestrogen and progestogen, are commonly prescribed as contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy. Breakthrough bleeding is a common side-effect limiting their use. This thesis aims to identify local endometrial factors which may be involved in breakthrough bleeding in pre and post menopausal women exposed to hormone replacement and the levonorgestrel intrauterine releasing system. Expression of endometrial sex steroid receptors, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs); and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) will be identified. Menorrhagia, blood loss over 80 ml per cycle, leads to significant morbidity but is rarely measured out with clinical trials. Endometrial gland apoptosis is increased in women with such subjectively heavy losses. This thesis will identify if this increase is also seen in women with objectively measured menorrhagia when the endometrium is otherwise histologically normal. The management of women with aberrant patterns of uterine bleeding is based on endometrial assessment. This thesis will look particularly at a new method of endometrial sampling, the Tao Brush compared to the gold standard outpatient sampling device, the Pipelle. A clearer understanding of the role of these local control mechanisms, an improved ability to identify women with heavy blood losses and better sampling methods will allow rational and effective management of women with abnormal uterine bleeding.

No description available.

Thesis (doctoral)--München, 1934.

Thesis (doctoral)--München, 1934.