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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
241

The assessment of the cognitive regulation of emotions in bipolar I disorder using galvanic skin conductance and heart rate

Corbalán, Fernando January 2011 (has links)
The cognitive regulation of negative emotions using a situational focused strategy require the activation of prefrontal and subcortical structures, in particular the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the amygdala (Amy). These structures present structural and functional abnormalities in bipolar disorder, a psychiatric illness characterised by an abnormal mood regulation. This thesis presents the assessment of physiological responses to a paradigm designed to assess the functioning of the DLPC and the Amy. This paradigm tests the response to stimuli of different valence and assesses the down-regulation of negative emotions. We employed GSR and HR with the goals to determine whether changes occurring at the central nervous system can be recorded at a peripheral level. We also wanted to see if these variations differed between individuals either affected or non-affected by bipolar disorder. Finally, this study assesses the usefulness of the designed paradigm to be used in a future study using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Results show that the recording of Heart Rate (HR) in non-affected individuals allows the detection of the exposure to negative stimuli and that the recording of the Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) is sensitive to detecting the exposure to negative stimuli and as well as the effects of the cognitive regulation of negative emotions. These effects are not observed in the group affected by bipolar disorder who seem to have an attenuated response to the exposure to stimuli of difference valence and to the effects of the cognitive regulation of negative emotions. / La régulation cognitive des émotions négatives avec une concentration sur la stratégie situationnelle demande l'utilisation de structures préfrontales et subcorticales, en particulier celles du cortex préfrontal dorsolateral et de l'amygdale. Ces structures présentent des anomalies structurelles et fonctionnelles dans les troubles bipolaires, maladie qui se caractérise par une anormale régulation de l'humeur. Cette thèse présente l'évaluation des réponses physiologiques à un paradigme désigné à évaluer le fonctionnalisme du cortex préfrontal dorsolateral et de l'amygdale. Ce paradigme évalue les réponses aux stimuli émotionnels visuels ainsi que la réponse à la régulation des émotions négatives. La conductance galvanique de la peau et le rythme cardiaque ont étés employés pour déterminer si les changements qui se présentent au niveau du system nerveux central peuvent être enregistrés au niveau périphérique. De plus, nous sommes intéressés à déterminer si ces changements varient entre les personnes atteintes et non atteintes de trouble bipolaire. Enfin, cette étude vise à étudier si le paradigme employé serait utile pour une étude à venir en imagerie cérébrale avec l'utilisation de résonance magnétique fonctionnelle. Les résultats de cette étude ont démontré que chez les individus non atteint de trouble bipolaire l'enregistrement du rythme cardiaque permet la détection à l'exposition aux stimuli négatifs. Les résultats ont aussi démontré que la conductance de la peau est sensible à détecter l'exposition aux stimuli négatifs ainsi que les effets de la régulation cognitive aux émotions négatives. Ces effets ne sont pas aperçue chez les sujets atteintes de trouble affective bipolaire, lesquels semblent avoir des réponses atténués à l'exposition aux stimuli de différents types émotionnels et à l'effet de la régulation cognitive des émotions négatives.
242

Cost-effectiveness of the individual placement and support model of supported employment for people with severe mental illness: results from a Canadian randomized trial

Shi, Yuxi January 2012 (has links)
Background Several studies have shown that the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) model of supported employment is an effective approach to help many people with severe mental illness to find and maintain competitive employment. These studies include a randomized trial conducted in Montreal, Canada. Very few studies, however, have evaluated the cost-effectiveness of IPS compared to traditional services. Objective To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of IPS model compared to usual vocational services, using data from the Montreal trial. Methods A total of 149 unemployed adult with severe mental illness were randomly assigned to receive either IPS or usual vocational services and were followed for 12 months. Costs were estimated from the perspectives of the health and social care system, the government, and the society. Competitive employment hours and wages were taken as measures of effectiveness. A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted, using the net benefit framework. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to take into account baseline differences of inpatient days between the two groups. Results IPS dominated usual services with significantly better competitive employment outcomes and less average costs, regardless of the economic perspective. IPS is likely to be more cost-effective than usual services even if the decision maker is only willing to pay a small amount of money per unit improvement in employment outcomes. If only clients without inpatient days during the year before the baseline are considered, IPS costs more than usual services but still with significantly better competitive employment outcomes: $155.73 per additional competitive employment hour and $20.12 per additional dollar of competitive employment earnings from the health and social care services perspective. Conclusions In this study, IPS proved cost-effective compared to usual services, although the baseline difference in inpatient days attenuates the strength of this finding. / IntroductionPlusieurs études ont démontré que le modèle de soutien à l'emploi « Individual Placement and Support » (IPS - Placement et soutien individuels) constitue une méthode efficace pour aider un grand nombre de personnes qui ont des troubles graves de santé mentale à obtenir et conserver un emploi régulier. Ces études incluent une étude expérimentale menée à Montréal, Canada. Très peu d'études, toutefois, ont évalué la coût-efficacité de IPS en comparaison avec des services traditionnels. Objectif Évaluer la coût-efficacité du modèle IPS en comparaison avec des services d'insertion socio-professionnelle habituels, en utilisant des données de l'étude montréalaise. Méthodes Au total, 149 adultes sans emploi et ayant des troubles mentaux graves furent répartis de façon aléatoire entre un programme IPS et des services habituels, et suivis pendant 12 mois. Les coûts furent estimés à partir des perspectives du système de santé et de services sociaux, du gouvernement et de la société. L'efficacité a été évaluée au moyen de deux variables: les heures en emploi régulier et les revenus de ces emplois. Une analyse coût-efficacité fut menée, en utilisant le cadre bénéfice net (net benefit framework). Une analyse de sensibilité fut effectuée pour tenir compte de la différence entre les deux groupes entre leurs jours d'hospitalisation au cours de l'année précédant leur entrée dans l'étude. Résultats IPS domine les services habituels avec de bien meilleurs résultats au niveau de l'emploi compétifi et des coûts moyens moindres, qu'importe la perspective économique. IPS semble plus coût-efficace que les services habituels même si le décideur n'est prêt qu'à payer un faible montant pour une amélioration dans les résultats au niveau de l'emploi. Si on ne retient que les clients qui n'avaient aucun jour d'hospitalisation pendant l'année précédant l'entrée dans l'étude, les sujets du groupe IPS coûtent nettement plus cher en moyenne que ceux des services habituels, mais toujours avec des résultats meilleurs au niveau de l'emploi compétitif. Du point de vue du systèeme de santé et services sociaux, les ratios coût-efficacité incrémentaux qui en résultent sont de 155,73 $ par heure d'emploi compétitif additionnelle et 20,12 $ par dollar additionnel de revenus compétitifs. Conclusions Dans cette étude, IPS s'est révélé coût-efficace en comparaison avec les services habituels, quoique la différences entre les groupes au niveau des jours d'hospitalisation à l'entrée atténue la force de cette conclusion.
243

A survey of spontaneous religious experience in a Montreal community : a pilot study

Valla, Jean-Pierre. January 1983 (has links)
No description available.
244

Outcome in first-episode psychosis: the role of self-esteem, parenting style, and childhood trauma

Vracotas, Nadia January 2009 (has links)
Self-esteem is an important construct in psychiatric disorders. We hypothesize that in patients with first onset of a psychotic disorder, self-esteem will be associated with outcome and it will, in turn, be influenced by early life experiences. Methods: The Self-Esteem Rating Scale, The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), the Measure of Parental Style (MOPS) and The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) were administered to individuals with first-episode psychosis. Symptoms and the GAF were assessed at entry to the program and at six months. Results: Self-esteem was positively correlated with the GAF, but not with remission status at six months. Self-esteem was negatively correlated with the PBI Overprotection, MOPS Overcontrol and Abuse subscales, in relation to mothers and also negatively with Emotional Neglect, Emotional Abuse and Sexual Abuse subscales of the CTQ. Conclusion: Self-esteem influences outcome in early psychosis and is in turn, influenced by early life experiences. This may have implications for designing special interventions to improve outcome. / L'estime de soi est un élément important dans le développement de troubles psychiatriques. Nous posons l'hypothèse que chez les patients présentant des signes avant-coureurs de trouble psychotique, l'estime de soi sera associée avec le pronostic et elle sera en retour influencée par les expériences en début de vie.Méthode: L'échelle de mesure de l'estime de soi (The Self-Esteem Rating Scale), la mesure sur l'attachement parental (PBI), l'instrument de mesure sur le style d'attachement (MOPS) et le questionnaire des traumatismes de l'enfance (CTQ) ont été administrés aux individus confrontés à un premier épisode psychotique. Les symptômes et le niveau de fonctionnement global (GAF) ont été évalués à l'entrée du programme et six mois plus tard.Résultats: L'estime de soi était corrélée positivement avec le GAF, mais elle n'était pas corrélée avec le statut de rémission à six mois. L'estime de soi était négativement corrélée avec la surprotection du PBI, les échelles de surcontrôle et d'abus du MOPS, en relation avec les mères. L'estime de soi était aussi négativement corrélée avec les échelles de négligence émotionnelle, d'abus émotionnel et sexuel du CTQ.Conclusion: L'estime de soi influence le pronostic de psychoses précoces et, en retour, elle est influencée par les premières expériences de vie. Ceci pourrait avoir des implications afin de développer des interventions spécialisées améliorant le pronostic.
245

Les problèmes émotionnels chez les enfants réfugiés d'âge scolaire : cadre de présentation et facteurs associés

Rousseau, Cécile January 1993 (has links)
This research has two objectives. First, mental health problems among refugee children were studied in terms of the intensity and the form of the symptomatology, and in terms of school performance. Second, the characteristics of the refugee process which influence the manifestation of these problems were identified as specific stressors stemming from the pre-migratory and post-migratory experiences of the refugees. / The research was conducted among 156 refugee children, born in Southeast Asia and Central America. The methodology was based on both quantitative and qualitative approaches. / Results indicate that the manifestation of emotional problems and the principal risk and protection factors vary greatly as a function of the ethnic origin of the subjects; this seems to be secondary to the interaction of specific cultural and contextual variables. / This heterogeneity of the refugee children population put into question the strategies put forward by the schools and the health services for the detection and prevention of mental health problems in these children.
246

The visual cortical interactions underlying the perception of motion

Funk, A. Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
247

Mental health and wellbeing of Mandaean refugees

Nickerson, Angela Marissa, Psychology, Faculty of Science, UNSW January 2009 (has links)
This program of research investigated the mental health of Mandaean refugees living in Sydney, Australia (N=315). Participants evidenced high rates of psychological disorders including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD, 23%), depression (34%), anger attacks (58%), complicated grief (10%) and impaired mental health-related functioning (42%). Participants also reported high levels of exposure to traumatic events, and experiencing multiple resettlement stressors. It was found that intrusive fear regarding traumatic events that may be experienced by family members remaining in Iraq contributed to PTSD, depression and mental health-related disability over and above the effects of past trauma and post-migration living difficulties. In addition, fear for family predicted frequency of anger attacks beyond the contribution of past trauma, living difficulties and PTSD. Fear of cultural extinction emerged as a salient concern for the Mandaean community, with path analyses revealing it was directly predicted by symptoms of PTSD. The effects of change in visa status on the mental health of Mandaean refugees who had also taken part in a previous survey were explored. Participants who had attained permanent residency status after previously holding Temporary Protection Visas (TPVs) evidenced greater reductions in psychological distress than those who had consistently held permanent residency. Results suggested that that temporary protection may have exerted negative effects on mental health by creating high levels of post-migration living difficulties. Analyses modelling pathways from trauma and loss to other mental health outcomes at both the individual and family levels indicated that grief played a key role in the mental health of the Mandaean community, and that the refugee experience has implications for family mental health and functioning. This thesis represents an attempt to extend knowledge regarding factors that influence refugee mental health, and common psychological outcomes, by examining the relationship between circumstances of ongoing threat to the individual and the collective, family-level processes, and psychological difficulties including PTSD, depression, grief, anger and mental health-related disability. These findings have implications for government policies and service providers working with refugee groups.
248

The visual cortical interactions underlying the perception of motion

Funk, A. Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
249

The visual cortical interactions underlying the perception of motion

Funk, A. Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
250

Explicating Practice Knowledge: A hermeneutic inquiry into adolescent mental health nursing

Geanellos, Rene, res.cand@acu.edu.au January 1997 (has links)
Through this hermeneutic study I sought to explicate the practice knowledge of nursing on residential adolescent mental health units. I did this by seeking to understand what nurse's and adolescent's stories of nursing, or being nursed, revealed about the knowledge informing practice within that context. Seven nurses and seven young people shared their experiences. Taped and written stories, and survey material, provided texts for analysis and interpretation. As stories centred around specific nurse-adolescent interactions they pointed to the knowledge informing practice within those encounters. Thus, practice knowledge was explicated through interpretation of the actual experiences of nurses and adolescents. Study findings were conceptualised as sub-elements, elements and a meta-element of practice knowledge. Ninety one

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