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M.A. / Believing in misfortune is sometimes considered regarded as barbaric and superstitious. Regardless of how these practices are perceived, people strongly believe in the existence of misfortune and bad luck. The occurrence of misfortune is often attributed to a wide range of sources, such as ancestors, river people, pollution and witches. Together the river people, the ancestors, pollution and witchcraft provide an explanation for evil and misfortune. Misfortune can therefore arise from one, or a combination of these four, or additionally from natural, and/or non-natural means. Misfortune is not only an interesting concept but also problematic to those who believe in it. Misfortune can become a self-fulfilling prophecy. In other words it becomes real in their lives and it directly influences them. Preventive strategies for evil and misfortune are as different as the causes. The kinds of experiences of misfortune that are taken as data are bodily conditions, failures and losses. A qualitative study was conducted at Harmony Gold’s Doornkop Shaft near Soweto and Sir Albert Medical Centre a nearby situated medical facility for specifically mine related injuries and health issues in Randfontein, to determine how mineworkers perceive and experience misfortune and if they do, how they explain it and deal with it? The target population was underground mineworkers because according to Xhosa custom (isithethe) one is prohibited from working underground because it is a sacred place of the dead. Whenever therefore they go down, that symbolises death and in some cases they would be regarded as people who are shaking the bones of ancestors. Working underground therefore makes one prone to accidents, illness and misfortune. The project also examines the rituals of migrants which serve as a form of preventing misfortune and ensuring good health. It is argued that working underground is a violent experience. The miners struggle with the environment, heat, falling of rocks, unnatural conditions and bad air. However, this project points out the importance of solidarity among underground workers more especially during accidents where they become a source of inspiration to one another and rescue each other before the emergency services reach them. / Prof. Anton Senekal

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Catholic University of America, 1936. / Published also without thesis note, under title: The Molly Maguire riots. "The sources": p. 177-180.

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PROBLEM This is my graduating thesis from the bachelor program in Industrial Design from Umeå Institute of design. In this project I have looked at in what way the future work wear for an extreme mine environment could improve safety, facilitate the workflow as well as increase the comfort for workers situated more than 1045 meters below ground. I have collaborated with LKAB in Kiruna, Sweden. LKAB is a mining company, exporting iron ore from the worlds largest underground iron ore mine. In the Kiruna mine, a new main level was recently opened at the level of 1365 meters. The extreme conditions down at this depth have created new challenges when it comes to work wear for the employees. METHODS AND FINDING RESULT During the project I have used several methods, all following a typical Industrial Design methodology. I started with visiting the mine, having a look at the entire process and talking to workes. After this I wrote a brief for the project, containing information on what the problem is today. I made an other trip to the mine to host a Pin-Point meeting and a workshop together with workers from different positions and work places within the mine. This to gain a further and more specific understanding in the problem -s. The workshop I hosted was to see what they themselves thought would be good solutions. Other methods I've used is survey, sketch ideation, evaluations with users, interviews, observations, visits to manufacturers, visit to the industrial wash / warehouse and mock-ups. I divided the problems in to categories: The fit of the clothes Ability to carry tools Material Functions / Adjustments The project has resulted in a concept of a new trouser and a new jacket for the workers at the LKAB iron or mine in Kiruna. The garments are of a lighter more durable material than the garments used today. The jacket and the trouser have now more specific pockets and are placed in better positions than earlier. I also tried to place seams better, this to avoid any discomfort and work related injuries. One of the problems today was that the jacket for some, created a pressure over the neck. I've added adjustment possibilities to the garments and inserted "softed" materials in some places to increase level of comfort. The result is portrayed as a full size model, in a women’s fit. RESULT The project has resulted in a concept of a new trouser and a new jacket for the workers at the LKAB iron or mine in Kiruna. The garments are of a lighter more durable material than the garments used today. The jacket and the trouser have now more specific pockets and are placed in better positions than earlier. I also tried to place seams better, this to avoid any discomfort and work related injuries. One of the problems today was that the jacket for some, created a pressure over the neck. I've added adjustment possibilities to the garments and inserted "softed" materials in some places to increase level of comfort. The result is portrayed as a full size model, in a women’s fit.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wyoming, 2007. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Nov. 7, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-70).

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 106 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-105).

Inaug.-Diss.--Halle. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Zululand, 2002. / The main focus of the study will be based on strike action. Strikes cannot exist without conflict. This reflects that "strike action" and "conflict" are two related concepts. Labour disruptions have been the single most important contributing factor to the record low production figures in the mining industry in the last five years. Prior to the 1994 elections, most strikes were politically inspired and therefore little attention was paid to the needs of the workers. However, management have since realised the importance of seeing to the needs of the workers. A worker who is satisfied with the job and working conditions is less likely to strike than one who is not satisfied. The importance of labour and specifically labour relations has been realised. Labour relations cannot be regarded in isolation. There are a number of external factors which influence labour relations and have to be brought into consideration when reviewing the labour relations climate. The study device certain general guidelines for management to follow when handling strike situations. Amongst the more important findings was the fact that there must be a greater awareness of worker needs, values and objectives. The best way to handle strikes is to prevent them from occurring in the first place. To do this management need to proactively investigate and manage the grievances of the workers. The diversity of cultures in the mining industry contributes to labour unrest in various ways. Workers become frustrated by what some groups consider as the norm. Furthermore, in chapter five research methodology. The questionnaires was distributed to respondents in Spitzkop coal mining industry. Stratified sampling technique was also applied in this research to minimize loss of data from respondents and economize in terms of spending money. This method only uses the readily available respondents (stratum form). In data analysis frequency and chi-square statistics was used to demonstrate management and worker responses and attitudes to the strike. Management need to have a formalised strike plan, which would contribute towards more efficient handling of strikes. Management should be proactive in their approach to strikes, rather than reactive. Part of this proactive process by management is the constant monitoring of working conditions to see what further types of improvements can be introduces to minimize adverse effects of strike. There should be good communication between management and workers at all times. Open communication is strengthened by worker involvement in decision-making.