The life history, temperature, humidity, and feeding requirements of the phytoseiid predator mite, Typhlodromus americanus Chant and Yoshida-Shaul were tested in the laboratory. Occurance of the mite in the field during different times of the year was investigated as well. Effects of temperature and humidity on egg hatch, the feeding requirements of the larvae, the amount consumed by each life stage, the length of each life stage and suitability of different food sources were investigated in the laboratory. The use of the mite as a biological control agent was evaluated by using the information gained from the laboratory experiments. T. americanus was originally discovered in plantation grown Douglas-fir in western Oregon. Since that time the mite has been found on a number of other hosts throughout North America. The mite is active year round in the Christmas tree plantations of the Willamette Valley in Oregon. The adult is found in or near the one year old bud scars and the eggs are typically deposited there also. Life parameters were measured providing a net reproductive rate of 4.23, a mean generation time of 24.45 days, and an intrinsic rate of increase of 0.059 The intrinsic rate of increase was low when compared to other predator mites and numerical response to prey increase would not be possible with such a low rate. The optimal temperature for the shortest eclosion time (54.4 hr.) and the highest survival (96.4%) was 26��C. The regression of temperature vs. time to hatch gave a 90% R�� with both the slope and intercept significantly different from zero. Humidities above 70% had survival rates over 96% and eclosion rates in the range of 50-58 hours. The relative humidity at which 50% of the population died was 58.6%. The mite was found to feed readily on the pest mite Oligonychus ununguis (spruce spider mite), as well as Tetranychus urticae (two spotted spider mite), and corn, oak, and Douglas-fir pollens. The larval form of the predator mite does not require food to molt to the protonymph, but the protonymph does require food to molt. If water is provided the entire time from egg to death, the protonymph can survive about ten days. Females consumed more Tet. urticae than males in both the immature and adult stages. The T. americanus that were fed corn pollen and Tet. urticae (complete diet) lived for over 115 days. Mites raised on oak and corn pollens did not survive as long (only 70-80 days), and those raised on Douglas-fir pollens did not reach adulthood. Egg production was observed on the complete diet, but not on the diets of pollen. The largest number of eggs were laid around the twelfth day after the molt to adult. Control and management of field conditions to improve habitat for T. americanus will be the best approach for its use as a biological control agent. As it does not respond numerically to prey increase, it will be more effective in a regulatory role to prevent these increases while the prey is at low levels. / Graduation date: 1996

Thesis (doctoral)--Technische Universität Darmstadt, 2005. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Apr. 25, 2007). Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-115).

Thesis (M.S.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2009. / Mode of access: Internet. Title from PDF title page, viewed on March 30, 2009. Major professor: Michael J. Costello, Ph.D. "Presented to the Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo." "In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree [of] Master of Science in Agriculture, with specialization in Plant Protection Science." March 2009." Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-54). Will also be available on microfiche.

Submitted by BARBARA RODRIGUES JUNQUEIRA null (barbararodriguesj@hotmail.com) on 2017-12-13T12:08:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Barbara_Rodrigues_Junqueira (1).pdf: 4886045 bytes, checksum: acd676ff2d3642858699d8bc8b2f628e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alexandra Maria Donadon Lusser Segali null (alexmar@fcav.unesp.br) on 2017-12-13T13:15:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 junqueira_br_me_jabo.pdf: 4886045 bytes, checksum: acd676ff2d3642858699d8bc8b2f628e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-13T13:15:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 junqueira_br_me_jabo.pdf: 4886045 bytes, checksum: acd676ff2d3642858699d8bc8b2f628e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-31 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / No Brasil, os estudos que visam avaliar a diversidade e abundância de ácaros edáficos predadores, como os Gamasina (Mesostigmata), ainda são incipientes, focando principalmente em áreas de vegetação natural. No entanto, compreender o impacto da agricultura nestes organismos é importante no aspecto de preservar a biodiversidade e avaliar a sensibilidade destes indíviduos aos tratos culturais. Além disso, conhecer a diversidade desses ácaros edáficos é o primeiro passo na prospecção de novos agentes de controle biológico. Dessa forma, o objetivo dessa dissertação foi determinar e comparar a diversidade e abundância de espécies de ácaros edáficos presentes em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica e em três cultivos agrícolas, em Jaboticabal, estado de São Paulo, com ênfase nos Gamasina. As coletas de solo e serrapilheira (quando presente) foram realizadas bimenstralmente, entre os meses de agosto de 2015 a junho de 2017. Foram avaliadas quatro áreas: um fragmento de Mata Atlântica e cultivos de milho, soja e mangueiras. Cada coleta consistiu em 10 pontos amostrais aleatórios. No laboratório, as amostras foram colocadas em equipamento do tipo Funil de Berlese-Tullgren modificado para extração dos ácaros. O material extraído foi triado, os ácaros foram separados por ordem, sendo os Gamasina montados em lâminas de microscopia. Em seguida, os Gamasina foram identificados, sempre que possível, até o nível de espécie. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que o grupo de ácaros edáficos mais abundante, para as quatro áreas de coleta, foi Oribatida (Sarcoptiformes), representando 73,5% dos ácaros coletados. Os Gamasina foram o segundo grupo mais encontrado (19%). Dentre os Gamasina foram encontradas 12 famílias, 35 gêneros e 50 morfoespécies, com destaque para Ologamasidae, representando 33,9% dos Gamasina coletados, seguida de Blattisociidae (18,3%), Laelapidae (13,2%) e Phytoseiidae (11,8%). No fragmento de vegetação natural foram coletados cerca de 52% dos Gamasina, com 25% no cultivo de mangueira, 19% na soja e 4% no milho. A área de vegetação natural também foi a que apresentou maior diversidade de gêneros e morfoespécies seguido pelo cultivo de mangueiras, soja e milho. Nesse estudo também foram encontradas novas espécies para ciência e até um novo gênero, Ologamasidae n. gen. n. sp., que é descrito baseado na morfologia de fêmeas e machos adultos coletados no fragmento de Mata Atlântica. Esse estudo demonstra que o impacto da ação antrópica afeta a comunidade de ácaros edáficos qualitativa e quantitativamente, ou seja, nas áreas de cultivo agrícola obteve-se menor diversidade e abundância de Gamasina. / In Brazil, studies aimed to evaluate the diversity and abundance of edaphic predatory mites, such as the Gamasina (Mesostigmata), are still incipient, focusing mainly on areas of natural vegetation. However, understanding the impact of agriculture on these organisms is important in terms of preserving biodiversity and assessing the sensitivity of these individuals to agricultural managements. In addition, knowing the diversity of these soil mites is the first step in prospecting for new biological control agents. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine and compare the diversity and abundance of edaphic mite species present in a fragment of Atlantic Forest and three agricultural crops, in Jaboticabal, state of São Paulo, with an emphasis on Gamasina. Soil and litter (when present) were collected bi-monthly, between August 2015 and June 2017. Four areas were evaluated: a fragment of Atlantic Forest, corn, soybean and mango crops. Each sample consisted on ten random sampling points. In the laboratory, the samples were placed in a modified Berlese-Tullgren funnel for the extraction of mites. The extracted material was screened and the mites were separated in order, the Gamasina being mounted on microscopic slides. Then were identified, when possible, to species level. The results of this study showed that Oribatida (Sarcoptiforme) was the most abundant mite collected, representing 73.5% of total miltes, for the four areas. Gamasina were the second most abundant group (19%). Among the Gamasina, 12 families, 35 genera and 50 morphospecies were found, mainly Ologamasidae, representing 33.9% of the Gamasina collected, followed by Blattisociidae (18.3%), Laelapidae (13.2%) and Phytoseiidae (11, 8%). In the natural vegetation fragment, about 52% of the Gamasina were collected, 25% in mango culture, 19% in the soybean area and 4% in the corn area. The area of natural vegetation was also the one that presented greater diversity of genera and morphospecies followed by the cultivation of mango, soybean and corn. In this study new species were also found for science and even a new genus, Ologamasidae n. gen. n. sp., which is described based on the morphology of adult females and males collected in the Atlantic Forest fragment. This study demonstrates that the impact of anthropic action affects the community of soil mites qualitatively and quantitatively, that is, in the agricultural cultivation areas, there was less diversity and abundance of Gamasina. / 134530/2015-2

Orientador: Gilberto José de Moraes / Resumo: No Brasil, o estudo da diversidade da acarofauna edáfica ainda é pouco conhecido e restrito principalmente a áreas de vegetação natural. Raros estudos têm sido conduzidos em áreas agricultáveis. Na Caatinga do estado de Alagoas não existe, até o momento, nenhum trabalho que busque compreender os impactos que as práticas agrícolas possam exercer sobre a diversidade e abundância da fauna de ácaros Gamasina (Mesostigmata). Os estudos de diversidade são interessantes do ponto de vista aplicado e conservacionista, visto que correspondem ao primeiro passo para compreensão dos sistemas, fornecendo base para desenvolvimento de outros trabalhos. Desta forma, com esse estudo objetivou-se realizar um inventário das espécies de ácaros edáficos, com ênfase nos Gamasina, no bioma Caatinga, em um fragmento de vegetação natural, em dois cultivos agrícolas e uma área de pastagem, em Olho d’ Água das Flores, estado de Alagoas, buscando compreender quais os possíveis impactos que as áreas agricultáveis podem exercer sobre a população dos Gamasina. As coletas foram realizadas a cada três meses, durante um ano (dezembro de 2018 a agosto de 2019). De cada área e em cada coleta foram tomadas 16 amostras de solo (0-5 cm de profundidade). O material extraído foi triado e os ácaros Gamasina foram montados em lâminas com meio de Hoyer, divididos em morfoespécies e identificados, sempre que possível, até o nível de espécie. Os ácaros dos outros grupos foram apenas contabilizados. A análise dos dados foi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In Brazil, the study of the diversity of mite fauna is still incipiente and restricted mostly to areas of natural vegetation. Rare studies have been conducted in agricultural areas. In the Caatinga of Alagoas state, no work has been conducted to understand the impacts that agricultural practices may have on the diversity and abundance of the edaphic mite fauna. Diversity studies are interesting from applied and conservationist points of view, as they are the first step in understanding systems, providing a basis for the development of other works. Thus, this study aimed to carry out an inventory of edaphic mite species, with emphasis on Gamasina (Mesostigmata), in a fragment of natural vegetation the Caatinga biome, two agricultural crops and a pasture area, in Olho d 'Água das Flores, seeking to understand the possible impacts that agricultural areas can have on the population of Gamasina. Samples went collected every three months between December 2018 and August 2019. At each sampling date, 16 soil samples were taken from each area (0-5 cm deep). The extracted material was examined and the Gamasina mites were mounted on slides using Hoyer's medium, divided into morpho-species and identified, whenever possible, at the species level. Data analysis was performed using the PAST and ANAFAU programs, in addition to the quantitative analysis of the Euclidean cluster. The results obtained indicate that the greatest abundance of Gamasina mites was found in natural vegetation, follow... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Orientador: Fabio Akashi Hernandes / Banca: Claudio José Von Zuben / Banca: Carlos Holger Wenzel Flachtmann / Resumo: Ácaros de penas são os artrópodes mais abundantes e diversos de vida permanente que habitam a superfície do corpo das aves. Eles possuem adaptações morfológicas para a vida em 4 tipos de microhabitats no corpo de seus hospedeiros, o que aumenta a diversidade de espécies de ácaros por espécie de ave consideravelmente. Existe ainda uma alta especificidade entre ave e ácaro, devido a transmissão ocorrer principalmente no cuidado parental, de modo que cada grupo de ave tende a apresentar seu grupo específico de ácaros de penas, o que dá indícios à evolução paralela entre os grupos. Apesar de casos isolados de parasitismo, ácaros de penas geralmente não causam danos a seus hospedeiros, e são considerados ectocomensais. O Brasil é um dos países com a maior diversidade de aves, com mais de 1900 espécies; dessas, são conhecidos ácaros de penas de pouco mais de 250 espécies, de modo que muitas ordens de aves no país nunca tiveram sua fauna de ácaros de penas explorada. Desse modo o objetivo do presente estudo é levantar ácaros de penas em aves não Passeriformes do Brasil. O principal método de coleta desses ectocomensais foi de lavagem de hospedeiros encontrados mortos em acidentes em rodovias e aeroportos do país, com seguinte coleta de ácaros do material filtrado sob estereomicroscópio, também foram realizadas coletas em peles taxidermizadas de museus e de penas provenientes de aves em cativeiro. Os ácaros coletados foram montados em lâminas de microscopia para identificação utilizando-se o meio de Hoyer. No total, 62 espécies de aves de 17 ordens tiveram seus ácaros de penas analisados, e 32 espécies de aves tiveram seus ácaros de penas analisados pela primeira vez. 139 espécies de ácaros de 77 gêneros foram encontrados, sendo 48 o número de ácaros identificados até o nível específico e 10 são possíveis novos gêneros. A superfamília Analgoidea, que ocorre principalmente em aves Passeriformes... / Abstract: Feather mites are the most diverse fauna of arthropods that permanently lives on birds. These mites are morphologicaly adapted to four different microhabitats on their host feathers, which contributes to their diversity. There is a high specificity between the mites and their bird hosts, especially due to the transmission process that occurs mainly from parents to offspring during the parental care, so that each bird group often hosts a specific feather mite fauna, exposing the parallel evolution between these groups. Despite some isolated cases of parasitism, most feather mites are not true parasites, but are rather considered as ectocommensals. Brazil is one of the richest countries in bird diversity, with more than 1900 species reported; in spite of that, feather mites are known for only about 250 Brazilian birds, and even some bird orders have never have examined for feather mites. The aim of this study is to report the feather mite fauna from non passerine birds in Brazil. Roadkilled birds were washed and the mites which remained in the filter paper were collected under dissecting microscope. Feather mites were also collected from museum skins and from feathers collected from captivity birds. The mites were mounted on microscopic slides for identification using Hoyer‟s medium. In total, 62 bird species in 17 orders had their feather mites analyzed, 32 of which being analyzed for the first time. 139 species of feather mites of 77 genera were recorded, being 48 mites identified to the species level and 10 probably represent new genera. 57 mites species belonged to the superfamily Analgoidea, which occurs mainly on the order Passeriformes and on aquatic birds, while Pterolichoidea, with 82 recorded species, occurs mainly on non passerine, terrestrial birds. The most abundant mite family was Pterolichidae (Pterolichoidea), with 40 species in 9 bird orders, followed by Xolalgidae (Analgoidea) (19 species) and Gabuciniidae ... / Mestre

No description available.