The thesis deals with loans to finance own housing. The thesis is primarily focused on mortgage loans, bridging loans and hans coming from building savings, both of them provided by building societies. In particular parts of the thesis are described basic principles of mortgage hans and building savings loans. There is stated thein legislation, kinds and types of individual housing loans. In the following part is analyzed the current market situation and market development of housing loans in the Czech Republic including the factors influencing this development. In the last part are compared different types of the hans using a model example. In comparison are included fees relating to loans and interest rates, which are published on the official website of selected companies.

The topic of my thesis is Development of the financial products for the home financing and the analysis in the Czech market. My thesis is primary occupied with mortgages loans. First part is focused on the explanation of basic terms conectedted with mortgages and credits from the building society account. Then I describe the hole credit procedure from the client's point of view, conditions of credit assignment and costs connected with the credit. Next teoretical part concerns about the development of the mortgage market in the Czech republice and possible changes in the market in the future. Practical part of my thesis consists of the analysis of three banks in the czech market-KB, ČSOB and mBank. I tried to compare offeres of mortgages loans, mortgages loans with insurance in case of incapability and the combinaton mortgage loan with regular credit from the building society account thanks to RPSN and chose the best solution.

This Diploma thesis analyzes the development of the mortgage market in Slovakia. The thesis achieves partial goals which lead to the analysis of the factors affecting the mortgage market. The subject of the practical part, which at the same time happens to be a partial goal, is to analyze the overall development of the mortgage market together with the surrounding markets, to identify the key factors, to monitor their development along with the development the mortgages provided, and to analyze econometrically selected factors affecting the mortgage market. The analysis shows the scope of the force and direction of the selected factors. The theoretical part emphasizes the characteristics of the type of mortgage banking with a focus on the system existing in Slovakia. The thesis also follows the risks from the perspective of the entities in mortgage banking. It also defines the rules, interest rate conditions and types of government-sponsored support. The relationships between the Slovak mortgage market and its subjects are also being explained. Special attention is being paid to the legislative developments having current impact on mortgage banking.

The diploma thesis is focused on description of relations between banking and real estate market. The first part describes these market. The second part is on Project financing and development projects. The third part deals with financing of living, especially mortgage loan.

This diploma thesis analyzes the real estate market and focuses its financing primarily through mortgage loans and building savings loans. It analyzes the types and characteristics of individual products from different companies. Based on this information recommends solution and suitable procedure for model clients.

The objective of this diploma thesis is to analyse current status of Czech mortgage loan market and estimation of its further developments. The thesis focuses mainly on non-standard mortgage products. Besides interpreting of historical development and available data it uses several other methods. A questionnaire survey provided information on awareness of the public about the non-standard mortgages and the public's opinion on their usability. The survey also helped with understanding of Czech citizens' general needs and opinion in area of home equity financing. Furthermore comparative analysis of Great Britain's market and an interview with a representative of financial advisors who have major role in sale of mortgage loans. Opinions of the financial advisor provided expert view on the non-standard types of mortgages and reasons for their market share. In conclusion, the results from all used methods are summarized into evaluation of Czech mortgage market in general, in regards to innovation and also in regards of potential of individual non-standard mortgage products.

The diploma thesis deals with the procedure for financing the reconstruction of the family house. This is a particular situation where the investor is fictional because of the general data protection regulation. The family house from 1935 will be reconstructed. Due to the age of some constructions, the investor decided to use extensive reconstruction which he will have to finance using foreign sources. It was chosen the financing of reconstruction by the mortgage loan where possible variants of repayment are presented. The thesis focuses on the valuation of the family house before reconstruction, during the reconstruction and on the valuation of the future after reconstruction. At the end is presented whether the reconstruction was for the investor beneficial.

How banks set the mortgage interest rates and the sizes of the mortgage margins they obtain from making mortgage loans always attract attention from households, government authorities, politicians and market actors. This thesis studies the relationship between Swedish mortgage interest rates and mortgage lending institutions’ costs of obtaining funds, and how the gross margins of mortgage interest rates influence the banks stock returns. In general, banks’ mortgage margins are correlated with their funding costs, which are typically reflected in the yields of mortgage bonds (covered bonds), interbank rates (STIBOR) and the repo rate. How-ever the correlations change over time and sometimes the mortgage margins are relatively low and sometimes relatively high. Since mortgage loans play an important role in banks’ lending business, the related interest rate margins should influence banks’ profitability and therefore the performance of their stock. Everything else equal, higher margins should result in higher stock returns. I have collected and constructed a time-series data set based on Swedbank mortgage rates, Swedbank stock prices, yields on government bonds, yields on mortgage bonds, STIBOR interest rates, and repo rate. Both descriptive analysis and econometric models are applied to analyze the time-varying characteristics of the financial data. The thesis covers unconditional correlation (Pearson correlations), and conditional correlation through applying DCC-GARCH models. Besides, ARCH and GARCH models are employed to measure the ARCH and GARCH effects of the spread (premium) terms between interest rates. The results from descriptive analysis and econometric models present the tight relationships between the mortgage interest rates and the corresponding funding costs, and show the posi-tive but low correlations between mortgage margins and bank’s stock returns. The results also support the existence of time-vary volatilities (risk) of spread (premium) terms and quantify the growth of return for the certain increase in risk taking.

Структура магистерской диссертации включает в себя введение, три главы, заключение, список использованных источников. В первой главе рассмотрены теоретические основы ипотечного кредитования. Во второй главе проанализирован рынок ипотечного кредитования России и определены основные тенденции. В третьей главе выявлены особенности функционирования механизма ипотечного кредитования в России и разработаны предложения по совершенствованию существующей системы ипотечного кредитования в коммерческом банке ПАО «ВТБ». В заключении сформированы основные выводы. / The structure of the master's thesis includes an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a list of sources used. The first chapter discusses the theoretical foundations of mortgage lending. The second chapter analyzes the Russian mortgage lending market and identifies the main trends. The third chapter identifies the features of the functioning of the mortgage lending mechanism in Russia and develops proposals to improve the existing mortgage lending system in the commercial bank of VTB PJSC. In conclusion, the main conclusions are formed.

A common strategy in dealing with housing shortages is the provision of loans to low-income groups. Tried in many countries for a very long time, this approach has produced a common phenomenon - poor servicing of loans. Thus, an empirical study was undertaken in Namibia, using the country's Build Together Programme as a case study. The aim of the study was to understand how the livelihood circumstances of the beneficiaries might be contributing to their inability to meet their loan obligations. The BTP's beneficiaries and the housing officers at both local and national level constituted the study's respondents. Housing officers responded to questions in an interview schedule while the beneficiaries were engaged using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. All beneficiaries were purposefully identified on account of outstanding arrears on their loans. Reviewing of literature covered the challenge of urban housing and strategies used to address it at both global and national level, documentary analysis on government documents to provide information on establishment of BTP and lastly, the direct observation of the concerned sites. The study focused on BTP in Windhoek (WHK) particularly in two settlements, Katutura (a formal settlement) and Goreangab (an informal settlement). Poor servicing of loans was shown to be closely associated with the socio-economic circumstances of the beneficiaries. This suggests the importance to recognise that housing is not just about the physical structure called a house, but there are other more subtle but equally important considerations that need to be met. Issues such as reliance on wage labour and large household sizes combined in ways that placed limitations on their ability to service the loans. An important conclusion from the study is that understanding beneficiary' constraints and their livelihood strategies might be a very important step in future housing policy actions in Namibia. The study also highlighted concerns about the programme such as inadequate communication. Some recommendations are provided, prominent among them being the need to strengthen the training component so as to assist the beneficiaries with some of the issues, The study consists of two components: A and B. Component A comprises the study background, the problem statement, aim, objectives, literature review and methodology. Component B is presented as a research paper for publication purposes and complies with the requirements of the selected journal (Appendix six). For the purposes of the paper, relevant information from component A on the purpose of the study and methodology are incorporated in Component B. / Thesis (M.Env.Dev.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2005.