• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) and its mRNA : influence of genetic polymorphisms, a fat load and statin therapy

Pocathikorn, Anothai January 2006 (has links)
[Truncated abstract] The low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), a member of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene family is involved in numerous biological processes including lipoprotein metabolism. This thesis concerns investigations into some aspects of LRP metabolism/regulation and possible roles in coronary artery disease (CAD). Specific aims were: to investigate the association between polymorphisms in the LRP gene and in its associated protein, the lipoprotein receptor-associated protein (RAP), with the risk of CAD; to extensively examine the influence of the LRP exon 22 C200T polymorphism on lipid metabolism; to develop and characterise assays for the mRNA expression of LRP and 2 other genes relevant to lipid metabolism, the LDL receptor (LDLR), and HMG CoA reductase (HMGCR); and finally, to apply the latter techniques to studies on the influence of genetic variation in LRP, and dietary and drug interventions, on LRP, LDLR and HMGCR mRNA expression in nucleated blood cells from healthy human subjects. Six hundred CAD subjects and 700 similarly aged controls were genotyped for 8 LRP gene polymorphisms as well as for the RAP V311M polymorphism. ... In the final phase of my studies, I examined the influence of 4 weeks therapy with a cholesterol lowering drug, an HMGCR inhibitor, atorvastatin (20mg daily), on the mRNA expression of LDLR, LRP and HMGCR in human nucleated blood cells. Twelve normal Caucasian male subjects aged 49 ? 5 (SD) years were studied. Plasma total cholesterol and LDL-C decreased by averages of 29 % and 41 % after the 4 week period. This was accompanied by an elevation in LDLR mRNA expression by approximately 30 35 %. In contrast, there was no significant effect on LRP and HMGCR mRNA expression. In conclusion, the original findings in this thesis included: demonstration of a strong influence of the LRP exon 22 C200T polymorphism on coronary artery disease and LDLR expression, but without a clear effect on fasting or postprandial lipid levels; data on the biological variation in LDLR and LRP gene expression in nucleated blood cells from normal subjects; the influence of an oral fat load on the expression viii of these genes, finding that LDLR was significantly depressed; and finally, the observation that statin therapy upregulated LDLR in nucleated blood cells.
2

Contribution à l'amélioration de la quantification des acides nucléiques par qPCR et RT-qPCR / Contribution to Improving of the Quantification of Nucleic Acids using qPCR and RT-qPCR

Pugnière, Pascal 11 October 2012 (has links)
La qPCR est actuellement la technique de référence en matière de quantification d'ADN. Elle peut être définie comme une amplification exponentielle, cyclique et ciblée de la séquence d'ADN cible. Le caractère exponentiel de la qPCR est à la fois à l'origine de la sensibilité de la méthode mais aussi d'une potentielle variabilité inter-échantillons. Cette variabilité est compensée par le caractère cyclique de la méthode qui entraine une synchronisation de la réaction pour tous les échantillons à chaque cycle. L'amplification ciblée de la séquence choisie traduit quand à elle la spécificité de la méthode. Néanmoins, cette dernière propriété de la PCR reste la moins vérifiée. La spécificité de la qPCR est indiscutable lorsque la cible à détecter se trouve en quantité suffisante (>100 copies environ). En revanche, pour des quantités plus faibles ou en présence d'inhibiteurs, la spécificité diminue ou disparaît (limites de détection et de quantification). Cette perte de spécificité retentit de façon significative sur la précision et la reproductibilité du dosage à réaliser. Cependant, si l'hybridation non spécifique est inéluctable dans ces conditions, l'amplification non spécifique consécutive peut être limitée, voire supprimée au moyen d'amorces de PCR soit plus spécifiques, soit moins susceptibles de générer des différences inter-échantillons. La RT-qPCR, grâce à une étape initiale de transcription inverse (conversion d'un ARN en un ADN complémentaire) permet la quantification des ARN. Cependant, la transcription inverse reste moins reproductible que la PCR, générant des différences inter-échantillons délétères en diagnostic comme en recherche. Au cours de ces travaux, je propose des méthodes originales améliorant de façon significative différentes étapes de ces techniques. Premièrement, je propose une amélioration de la standardisation de l'étape de transcription inverse capable de diminuer de façon significative la variabilité inter-échantillons ; l'utilisation d'un volume constant d'extrait d'ARN pour chaque échantillon améliore considérablement la précision de la quantification d'ARN messagers. Deuxièmement, je propose une modification des amorces par incorporation de résidus d'acides nucléiques bloqués (LNA) ; cette modification permet d'augmenter la spécificité des amorces aux limites de la détection. Enfin, je propose une méthode simple et économique permettant la mesure directe de la température de fusion (Tm) dans les conditions réelles de la PCR. Ce paramètre, considéré comme capital pour la réalisation des dosages par qPCR, est généralement obtenu par des méthodes prédictives peu précises. De plus, cette méthode doit permettre de déterminer précisément les paramètres thermodynamiques des amorces (∆G, ∆H et ∆S) et ainsi avoir accès d'une part au pourcentage réel d'amorces hybridées en fonction de la température et d'autre part d'identifier la susceptibilité des amorces aux inhibiteurs. / QPCR is currently the gold standard for DNA quantification of DNA. It can be defined as an exponential, cyclic and targeted amplification of a known DNA sequence. The exponential character of qPCR is both the cause of the sensitivity of the method but also a potential variability between samples. This variability is offset by the cyclical nature of the method that causes a synchronization of the reaction for all samples in each cycle. The targeted amplification of the selected sequence translates the specificity of the method. Nevertheless, this last property of PCR remains the least tested. The specificity of qPCR is unquestionable when the target to detect is sufficient (> 100 copies). However, for smaller quantities or in the presence of inhibitors, the specificity decreases or disappears (limits of detection and quantification). This loss of specificity will have a significant effect upon the accuracy and reproducibility of the assay to be performed. However, if non-specific hybridizations are unavoidable in these conditions, consecutive nonspecific amplification may be limited or eliminated using more specific PCR primers or less likely to produce inter-sample differences. RT-qPCR allows RNA quantification because of an initial step of reverse transcription (conversion of an RNA into a complementary DNA). However, reverse transcription is less reproducible than PCR, generating harmful inter-sample differences both in diagnosis and in the research field. In this work, I propose innovative methods improving significantly different steps of these techniques. First, I propose an improved standardization of the reverse transcription step that can significantly reduce the variability between samples; using a constant volume of RNA extract for each sample substantially improves mRNA quantification accuracy. Second, I propose a primers modification by incorporating Locked Nucleic Acid residues (LNA); this modification increases the specificity of the primers to the limits of detection. Finally, I propose a simple and economical method for direct measurement of the melting temperature (Tm) in real PCR conditions. This essential parameter in the achievement of qPCR assays is generally obtained by predictive methods with low accuracy. Furthermore, this method should determine the thermodynamic parameters of the oligonucleotide sequence (∆G, ∆H and ∆S), on the one hand allowing access to the actual percentage of annealed primers according to the temperature and on the other hand, to identify the primers susceptibility in the presence of inhibitors.

Page generated in 0.1095 seconds