The author uses a framework developed by J. Victor Baldridge (Power and Conflict in the University, John Wiley, New York, 1971) to present a case study of equal opportunity programs in the United States Navy. The study is presented in the context of a complex systems change effort. For organizations attempting to create a healthy EO climate the author suggests that the most important part of any strategy for long term effect is to identify the primary means of power and control in the organization and to address EO through that channel, secondly she suggests that EO is a political phenomenon and must take into account the political dynamics of the organization. In addition she recommends attention to the following; organization culture and environment; systems perspective; on going assessment and strategic planning; long term planning; historical patterns of change in the organization; the need for strong leadership; and defining EO to include selection and inclusion assimilation and integration into the mainstream of the organization. Finally she concludes that an organization has accomplished an EO climate when it has spanned the "program" stage and EO efforts are replaced by efforts of good management.

This study investigated three major cultural theories of cross-cultural conflicts: (1) perceptual differences; (2) absence of cultural awareness; and (3) inability to accept cultural differences. The methodology in this study included: (1) a review of literature, which explored the need to cross cultures and investigated three major theories responsible for cultural conflicts; (2) in-depth interviewing of a small group of Cape Verdeans, which revealed incidents of cross-cultural conflicts experienced by them when they attempted to break through cultural barriers; (3) an analysis of these cross-cultural conflicts, which manifested their connection to the three major theories; (4) a review of the three major approaches to teaching cross-cultural communication: (a) the didactic; (b) the experiential; and (c) the humanistic, which examined their strengths and weaknesses; and (5) a presentation of some generalized strategies designed to surmount cross-cultural conflicts. The study concluded that: (1) global interdependency emphasizes the need to cross cultures; (2) perceptual differences, absence of cultural awareness, and the inability to accept cultural differences inhibit effective communication across cultural boundaries; (3) the three major theories of cultural conflicts that were proposed were causes of cross-cultural conflicts experienced by the Cape Verdeans in this study, although they may not have been the only causes; (4) the three major approaches to teaching cross-cultural communication (didactic, experiential, and humanistic) would be most effective when used together; and (5) some generalized strategies can be designed to overcome cross-cultural conflicts. Recommendations are made for the future study of the causes of cultural conflicts.

From 1947 to 1996, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints operated a foster program that placed Native American children into Latter-day Saint (LDS) homes to attend public schools and be immersed in Mormon culture. This program, the Indian Student Placement Program, is described through LDS perspectives as being generally successful. The children were baptized into the LDS church, removed from the reservations, and relocated to live with white Mormon families where they attended public schools and were expected to conform to white cultural life ways. Critics charge that the program was a missionary tool used to assimilate children into white Mormon society, often at a great cultural, familial, and psychological cost. Although historians and scholars are writing more about Native American education experiences as of late, little has been recorded about this particular phenomenon. This study pulls together what has been recorded about the program and adds additional perspectives and information provided by past participants via an interview process. There are both negative and positive outcomes suggested by past program participants and researchers. Perhaps the most important contributions this study makes, however, concern the Native Americans themselves and their responses of accommodation, resistance, and, ultimately, resilience in the face of acculturating and assimilating forces.

Most of the pedagogical efforts in the field of English as a Second-Language teaching of this century have been devoted to the skills of speaking, listening, and reading. The development of appropriate methodologies for teaching the skill of ESL writing has been neglected until recently. This dissertation addresses itself to this area. Its focus has been the development of a new approach to teach the writing of simple sentences to elementary ESL Hispanic college students using syntax as a pedagogical tool. The study is based on the assumption that one basic problem elementary ESL college students encounter when writing sentences is that they use their native-language syntax to construct sentences with the lexical and grammatical English structures they have acquired. To avoid this situation, the approach purports to help the students in the transition from thinking in the native language to writing in English. The study was conducted in the Eugenio Mar(')ia de Hostos Community College of the City University of New York. A specially designed manual was developed for the study. The manual was field tested with four groups of ESL Hispanic College students, two groups each of low elementary and high elementary ESL students. The dissertation analyzes the results of the study and presents recommendations for further study.

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