Intact bovine Longissimus dovsi muscle was subjected to a mild washing procedure in order to reduce the concentration of the sarcoplasmic fluid. Intact and washed muscle samples were inoculated with Pseudomonas fragi to evaluate the effect of a sarcoplasmic reduction on bacterial growth and subsequent spoilage during storage at 4°C for 12 days. Aseptic controls were stored under similar conditions. Alterations in the water-soluble, salt-soluble, urea-soluble and urea-insoluble protein fractions, as well as the total carbohydrate, pH and bacterial numbers, were monitored in both intact and washed inoculated muscle samples. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were employed to monitor ultrastructural changes on the muscle surface as a consequence of the growth of P. fragi. Analysis of water-soluble components (non-protein nitrogen, water-soluble proteins and carbohydrates) indicated that the washing procedure effectively removed the majority of these components. Increases in the extractability of the water-soluble and salt-soluble protein fractions were observed in the intact inoculated muscle sample. Alterations in the SDS-gel electrophoretic pattern of the water-soluble, salt-soluble, urea-soluble and urea-insoluble proteins were evident. Total carbohydrate decreased as a result of growth of P. fragi. An increase in pH of the intact muscle occurred as bacterial numbers increased. Significantly (P < 0.01) higher growth rates were observed on the intact muscle tissue than the washed muscle tissue. Relatively little change in the non-protein nitrogen, water-soluble and salt-soluble protein content was observed in the washed inoculated muscle tissue. A slight decrease in total carbohydrate was seen. Minor changes in the SDS-gel electrophoretograms of the salt-soluble proteins were apparent. Little change in pH of the washed inoculated sample occurred due to the growth of P. fragi. Scanning electron micrographs indicated that surface degradation of both intact and washed inoculated muscle samples were apparent only in areas of localized colonization. Glycocalyx appeared to mediate not only cell to cell attachment, but also cell to muscle surface adhesion. Bacteria were observed growing between muscle fibers. Transmission electron micrographs of intact inoculated muscle tissue confirmed the mediation of glycocalyx in bacterial adhesion. Cellular evaginations were present on the surface of the bacteria. Autolysis was minimal in both intact and washed aseptic muscle controls. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

M.Tech. (Homoeopathy) / Myofascial pain syndrome is a common yet one of the least understood problems encountered in adults. It often goes unrecognised, misdiagnosed and mistreated. There are many effective treatments to date, however there is very little research to substantiate which of these treatments are the most effective. Unfortunately there is no known research available into the effectiveness ofa Homoeopathic remedy in the treatment ofmyofascial pain. The aim of this double blind randomised study is to prove whether Saline or Traumeel (a complex Homoeopathic remedy) injected into an active trigger point would prove to be effective in tenus of pain relief. Patients presenting with head and neck pain were considered for this study. Only patients that adhered to the specified delimitations and diagnostic criteria were accepted. The sample size of twenty patients was divided randomly into two groups, consisting often patients each. Group A received saline injections and Group B received Traumeel injections. Only active trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle were injected. The treatment period consisted oftwo injections administered one week apart. The neck pain and disability index (questionnaire) and the numerical rating scale collected data concerning each patient's pain. Patients were also required to draw their pain on body charts. Data was analysed statistically, showing the mean decrease in pain expressed as a percentage for each group. A level of confidence was set at 95% for each group. Results were displayed with the aid of graphs. Each group shows significant improvement with regards to pain reduction. However Traumeel shows a greater percentage decrease in pain compared to Saline. Therefore in terms of pain management in myofascial pain of the upper trapezius muscle, Traumeel is slightly more effective than Saline.

The effect of the dietary status of vitamin A on carbohydrate metabolism, postmortem isometric tension development and shear resistance of Pectoral is major muscle was studied. Depletion studies, conducted over a five week period, indicated a definite influence of vitamin A deficiency on muscle carbohydrate metabolism. Mild hypovitaminosis A induced an increase in glycogen deposition whereas a severe deficiency led to a reduction of these elevated stores. Vitamin A deficiency did not affect the abi I ity of P. major strips to develop isometric tension postmortem. P. major strips sampled from deficient cockerels generally required longer to reach maximum tension and, in the later stages, developed significantly greater maximum tension than those of controls. The extended times to maximum tension reflected an increased muscle glycogen content. A significant increase in shear value similarly corresponded to the increased myofibrillar contraction noted in the later deficiency stages. Cockerels which had previously received a completely vitamin A deficient ration for five weeks were utilized for the two week repletion study. Though there was a distinct delay in response to the feeding of a vitamin A adequate ration, the muscle glycogen content, isometric tension parameters and shear values of repleted birds were similar to those of controls within the two week period. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

This study examined the effect of resistance training proximity to failure on strength, muscle hypertrophy, and fatigue. Fourteen men were randomized into two groups (4-6 rating of perceived exertion-RPE per set or 7-9 RPE per set) and completed an eight-week program. Squat and bench press strength, muscle thickness, subjective fatigue, muscle soreness, and biomarkers (creatine kinase-CK and lactate dehydrogenase-LDH) were assessed. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the rate of strength gains and equivalence testing revealed hypertrophy was not statistically similar nor different. All results for indirect markers of muscle damage and fatigue indicated similar recovery between groups within 48 hours; however, a small between group effect size (g=0.39) existed indicating higher session RPE in the 7-9 RPE group across the entire training program. These results suggest that strength and possibly hypertrophy outcomes are similar when training each set to 4-6 RPE or 7-9 RPE in trained men. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2021. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Various alkaline proteases derived from skeletal muscle have been described by a number of researchers and have been purified to varying degrees. Such alkaline proteases may play an important role in the metabolism of myofibrillar and other muscle proteins and as such deserve to be fully characterised. In this study, a major myofibrillar alkaline protease was purified from rat skeletal muscle. The enzyme degraded both denatured casein and azocasein and had a pH optimum of 9,0. The molecular mass was 32 250 ± 650. The presence of a second, minor alkaline protease was demonstrated using three different separation techniques as well as by inhibitor studies. The major protease was insensitive to inhibition by pepstatin and leupeptin, whilst 90 % of the activity was expressed in the presence of 2 mM EGTA. A moderate degree of inhibition was observed in the presence of soybean trypsin inhibitor and the protease was markedly sensitive to chymostatin. A similar alkaline protease was partially purified from rat cardiac muscle using the same purification procedure. Incubation of washed myofibrils in the presence of sodium pyrophosphate released a factor into the supernatant, the removal of which facilitated the separation of myofibrillar alkaline protease from the myofibrils. The factor appeared to be necessary for binding of the alkaline protease to the myofibrillar proteins but its removal did not disrupt the binding of proteolytic activity already attached to the myofibrillar proteins. An inhibitor of myofibrillar alkaline protease was demonstrated which is, in principle, capable of playing an important regulatory role in controlling the activity of these enzymes and thereby of myofibrillar protein catabolism.

Thesis. 1980. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Psychology. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND HUMANITIES. / Bibliography: leaves 46-51. / Ph.D.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This study was initiated in order to obtain quantitative information on the possible correlations of incisive biting strength and representative cephalometric measurements as taken from the lateral cephalometric headfilm. It consisted of an examination of 150 subjects and a determination of their incisive biting strength. The results of the study indicate that the five cephalometric measurements chosen were of little predictive value in determining incisal biting force.

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