Polpas dos frutos chopé (Gustavia augusta L.) e sacha mangua (Grias neuberthii Macbr.) e sementes dos frutos de macambo (Theobroma bicolor) foram utilizadas na determinação da composição centesimal e da atividade antioxidante de seus extratos. Na quantificação da composição centesimal foram analisados os teores de umidade, proteínas, lipídeos, carboidratos, fibras e cinzas. Na avaliação da atividade antioxidante foram utilizados os extratos etéreo, alcoólico e aquoso, os quais foram obtidos de forma sequencial a partir das farinhas secas e peneiradas (32-mesh). Estas farinhas também foram fracionadas para a obtenção das frações ricas em ácidos fenólicos livres (AFL), ácidos fenólicos de ésteres solúveis (AFES) e ácidos fenólicos de ésteres insolúveis (AFEI). Tanto nos diferentes extratos como nas diferentes frações foi determinada a atividade antioxidante in vitro, empregando-se o sistema aquoso β-caroteno/ácido linoléico e no meio lipídico através do método de Rancimat a 110°C e o método da estufa a 60°C. Os compostos fenólicos foram identificados por CG-EM. Tendo em vista que o extrato aquoso das amostras apresentou melhor atividade antioxidante, este foi utilizado nas avaliações in vivo em ratos. Amostras de fígado, plasma, cérebro, tecido adiposo foram obtidas após 29 dias de fornecimento dos extratos por gavagem para os animais. Nestes tecidos foram avaliados os teores de ácidos graxos, onde pode ser observada uma certa proteção dos ácidos graxos insaturados, a qual pode estar relacionada com os antioxidantes naturais presentes nos extratos. / The centesimal composition and antioxidant activity of Chopé (Gustavia augusta L.) and Sacha Mangua (Grias neuberthii Macbr.) fruits pulps and macambo (Theobroma bicolor) seeds were evaluated. The moisture, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, fibers and ashes contents were determined for the centesimal composition. The etheric, alcoholic and aqueous extracts from the fruits were sequentially obtained from dried and 32-mesh-sifted floors and their antioxidant activity were analyzed. The fractions of free-acid phenolics (FAP), soluble ester of acid phenolics (SEAP) and unsoluble ester of acid phenolics (IEAP) were obtained from the same floors. The in vitro antioxidant activity was determined for all samples: different extracts and fractions. The aqueous system β-carotene/linoleic acid was employed and in the lipidic medium was used the Rancimat system (110oC) and stove (60oC) method. The phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by GC-MS method. The highest antioxidant activity was achieved in the aqueous extracts, these were used in vivo utilizing rats as experimental animals. Liver, plasma, brain and fat tissues samples were obtained 29-days after the animals had been received by gavagem. In these tissues, the fatty acids contents were evaluated and it was observed a certain protection to the unsaturated fatty acids, which can be related to the natural antioxidant substances present in the extracts.

Polpas dos frutos chopé (Gustavia augusta L.) e sacha mangua (Grias neuberthii Macbr.) e sementes dos frutos de macambo (Theobroma bicolor) foram utilizadas na determinação da composição centesimal e da atividade antioxidante de seus extratos. Na quantificação da composição centesimal foram analisados os teores de umidade, proteínas, lipídeos, carboidratos, fibras e cinzas. Na avaliação da atividade antioxidante foram utilizados os extratos etéreo, alcoólico e aquoso, os quais foram obtidos de forma sequencial a partir das farinhas secas e peneiradas (32-mesh). Estas farinhas também foram fracionadas para a obtenção das frações ricas em ácidos fenólicos livres (AFL), ácidos fenólicos de ésteres solúveis (AFES) e ácidos fenólicos de ésteres insolúveis (AFEI). Tanto nos diferentes extratos como nas diferentes frações foi determinada a atividade antioxidante in vitro, empregando-se o sistema aquoso β-caroteno/ácido linoléico e no meio lipídico através do método de Rancimat a 110°C e o método da estufa a 60°C. Os compostos fenólicos foram identificados por CG-EM. Tendo em vista que o extrato aquoso das amostras apresentou melhor atividade antioxidante, este foi utilizado nas avaliações in vivo em ratos. Amostras de fígado, plasma, cérebro, tecido adiposo foram obtidas após 29 dias de fornecimento dos extratos por gavagem para os animais. Nestes tecidos foram avaliados os teores de ácidos graxos, onde pode ser observada uma certa proteção dos ácidos graxos insaturados, a qual pode estar relacionada com os antioxidantes naturais presentes nos extratos. / The centesimal composition and antioxidant activity of Chopé (Gustavia augusta L.) and Sacha Mangua (Grias neuberthii Macbr.) fruits pulps and macambo (Theobroma bicolor) seeds were evaluated. The moisture, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, fibers and ashes contents were determined for the centesimal composition. The etheric, alcoholic and aqueous extracts from the fruits were sequentially obtained from dried and 32-mesh-sifted floors and their antioxidant activity were analyzed. The fractions of free-acid phenolics (FAP), soluble ester of acid phenolics (SEAP) and unsoluble ester of acid phenolics (IEAP) were obtained from the same floors. The in vitro antioxidant activity was determined for all samples: different extracts and fractions. The aqueous system β-carotene/linoleic acid was employed and in the lipidic medium was used the Rancimat system (110oC) and stove (60oC) method. The phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by GC-MS method. The highest antioxidant activity was achieved in the aqueous extracts, these were used in vivo utilizing rats as experimental animals. Liver, plasma, brain and fat tissues samples were obtained 29-days after the animals had been received by gavagem. In these tissues, the fatty acids contents were evaluated and it was observed a certain protection to the unsaturated fatty acids, which can be related to the natural antioxidant substances present in the extracts.

<p dir="ltr">Macambo (<i>Theobroma bicolor</i>) is a relative of cacao that was identified as an underutilized crop in San Martín, Peru with potential for valorization. Current processing for macambo seeds results in waste of two-thirds of the fruit, so the two waste streams (husk and pulp-shell) were characterized by proximal analysis to identify useable components. From the pulp-shell waste, soluble polysaccharides and proteins were extracted. The resulting hydrocolloid formed physical gels that had predominantly solid-like elastic behavior and can partially recover after being deformed by a constant stress. Macambo pulp-shell waste has potential for extracting functional ingredients for thickening, forming gels, retaining water, and stabilizing emulsions.</p><p dir="ltr">One third of food in the United States is never eaten, and waste occurs throughout the food system. Produce is a significant portion of food waste, but shelf life can be extended by optimizing postharvest practices. Conducting precooling in-field at point of harvest with mobile units was proposed by researchers in the field of food waste reduction as an adaptable method to reduce food waste and was evaluated in this study for innovation and barriers to use. Based on expert interviews and a literature review, it was concluded that in-field precooling units are hindered by infrastructure requirements and effective precooling is already optimized at large scale with centralized cooling activities. Flexible cooling technology could be part of a solution for very small growers in the United States and internationally in developing economies, where access to precooling and full cold chain is still lacking.</p>

En la actualidad uno de los problemas más relevantes en nuestro país son los hábitos alimenticios y el comportamiento de los ciudadanos con respecto al cuidado de la salud. Según un estudio de Datum Internacional y Red Win, en el Perú el 68% de mujeres y el 77% de hombres se consideran saludables, sin embargo, los segmentos que se auto perciben de esta manera son segmentos de personas con mayor educación (estudios superiores, postgrado, etc). Además, solo 8% de peruanos compran productos basados en dietas y 10% toma algún suplemento vitamínico regularmente o siempre. Estos datos señalados anteriormente nos muestran la realidad de la sociedad peruana, los productos saludables son percibidos como fuera del alcance al ser caros. Así mismo, la cantidad de productos que cuentan con las características de un alimento saludable muchas veces no son agradables al paladar o son difíciles de preparar; sin embargo, tanto niños como adultos muchas veces prefieren el consumo de snacks para “encontrar el momento dulce del día” a modo de salir de la rutina y darse un gusto. Estos productos en el mercado muchas veces no son saludables y su consumo excesivo es dañino para la salud debido a los altos niveles de azúcar y otros componentes. Por ese motivo, en el presente trabajo desarrollamos un plan de negocios que se enfoca en dos segmentos de mercado enfocándonos en niños con problemas de obesidad y personas que siguen una alimentación saludable. Nutribom es la marca de nuestros bombones elaborados de macambo y rellenos de cushuro que son dos productos que aportan los nutrientes necesarios para ambos segmentos de mercado. Así mismo, satisface la necesidad de un snack puramente saludable y rico en sabor. El objetivo de Nutribom es que nuestros productos suplan a los snacks no saludables y se vuelvan parte de la alimentación balanceada de nuestro mercado al ser percibido como saludable y rico. Además, buscamos impactar en la vida de nuestros clientes y que estos acepten a los alimentos saludables dentro de su vida cotidiana y que estos pueden ser consumidos de diversas formas y maneras. Ser saludable puede ser divertido. / Currently one of the most relevant problems in our country are the eating habits and behavior of citizens about health care. According to a study by Datum International and Red Win, in Peru 68% of women and 77% of men consider themselves healthy, however, the segments that self-perceive in this way are segments of people with higher education (university degree, master’s degree, etc.). In addition, only 8% of Peruvians buy products based on diets and 10% take vitamins supplements regularly or always. These data indicated above show us the reality of Peruvian society, healthy products are perceived as expensive. Likewise, the amount of products that have the characteristics of a healthy food are often not as pleasant to the palate or they are more difficult to prepare. However both children and adults often prefer the consumption of snacks to "find the sweet moment of the day" in order to get out of the routine and indulge themselves. These products on the market are often unhealthy and their excessive consumption is harmful to health due to the high levels of sugar and other components. In this paper we develop a business plan that focuses on two market segments focusing on children with obesity problems and people who follow a healthy diet. Nutribom is the brand of our chocolates. They are made with macambo and filled with cushuro, which are two products that provide necessary nutrients for both market segments. Nutribom satisfies the need for a purely healthy snack which is rich in flavor. The objective of Nutribom is that our products replace unhealthy snacks and become part of the balanced diet of our market by being perceived as healthy and tasty. We seek to impact the lives of our customers and hope that they accept healthy foods in their daily lives and help them realize that being healthy can be fun. / Trabajo de investigación