Reproduction de : Thèse d'exercice : Médecine vétérinaire : Toulouse 3 : 2008. / Titre provenant de l'écran titre. Bibliogr. p. 39-42.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 175-189).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1980. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 204-218).

No description available.

The lion-tailed macaque is dispersed in patches of rain forest along the Western Ghat mountains in India. Its endangered status is the cumulative result of the geoclimatic history of the region, the evolutionary history of the species, and recent human activity. In this light, the objective of this project was to examine the variation in the demographic parameters of the species, and their ecological and behaviour correlates. Demographic data collected over a period of six years from a wild population in the Anamalai Wildlife Sanctuary (Tamil Nadu, India) showed that the lion-tailed macaques have a high age at first birth, a low birth rate and a high survival rate. The growth rate of a group and birth rate were decreasing functions of the group size. In the main study group there were significant differences in the activity, feeding and ranging patterns with a change in the group size. As the group became larger, it spent more time searching for food, but there was a decrease in feeding on animal matter, and no difference in time spent on plant foods. There was also an expansion of dietary range, and probably a reduction in dietary quality. Less time was spent on resting, but more time was spent on agonistic interactions. As the group became larger, the distance travelled, and the area covered each day, month and year increased. Spatial variation in the use of the habitat decreased, along with the overlap of areas used on successive days. This variation represented the differential regulation of ranging required by different group sizes. Such a regulation of ranging operates within the constraints placed by the availability of major food trees. The reproductive behaviour of the lion-tailed macaque is characterised by a relatively high adult female/male ratio, a high synchrony of female sexual cycles, and sexual harassment which increases in proportion to the number of adult females with sexual swellings. These factors might cause a suppression of conception by some ovulating females, and thus result in a decrease in birth rate, in a medium-sized one-male group. It is unlikely that the same effect would be evident across all the range of group sizes. The relevance of the differences between individuals to the above findings is examined briefly in the concluding chapter. The demographic processes expressed at the group level, and their ecological and behavioural correlates, could form a part of a model of the dynamics of a population composed of a number of such groups.

archives@tulane.edu / Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells in human blood and require continuous replenishment from bone marrow granulopoiesis throughout life. Their function as phagocytes in innate immunity has been well studied, but the dynamics and movement of neutrophils in vivo are less clearly understood. To quantitate the kinetics of neutrophil movement during homeostasis, acute inflammation, and aging, we applied 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) pulse-chase labeling followed by hematology and flow cytometry analyses in healthy, acutely-infected, and aged rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). We applied our kinetics results to a mathematical model and calculated that neutrophils have a half-life of 1.63 ± 0.16 days and a daily production of 1.42×109 cells / L / day in heathy young adult rhesus macaques. In rhesus macaques undergoing acute inflammation, we followed neutrophil kinetics during acute stages of a bacterial infection (Shigella) and viral infection (SIV). A massive replenishment of neutrophils from bone marrow to blood as indicated by BrdU kinetics occurred as early as 3 days post Shigella inoculation, the degree to which correlated with the Shigella inoculation doses. As animals aged, neutrophil production declined while plasma G-CSF levels increased, and there was an earlier release, as well as higher in-group variability in neutrophil kinetics, particularly upon reaching 20 years of age or older (equivalent to 70 years or more in humans). This suggested a dysregulated feedback mechanism whereby increased levels of G-CSF failed to restore neutrophil production in elderly rhesus macaques that was associated with induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and earlier release of less mature neutrophils and PMN-MDSCs. Taken together, we established a rhesus macaque model to study neutrophil kinetics and functions in vivo during homeostasis, acute inflammation, and aging. Our results emphasized the massive production of neutrophils during homeostasis and the continuous requirement but reduced replenishment capabilities during aging. The significance of the results also indicates an important role for these long-discovered leukocytes in maintaining homeostasis beyond phagocytic pathogen clearance. / 1 / Ziyuan He

Abstract Formosan macaque (Macaca cyclopis) is the endemic and threatening species of Taiwan, but information regarding their social behaviors is rare. Troop fission of macaque¡¦s social behaviors was the rarely and accidental behavior. Two fission of Formosan macaques troops, from B0 and C0, at Mt. Longevity of Taiwan were the objects in this study. Field study was concentrated from November 1999 when fission occurred till May 2000. The records included the troop¡¦s composition changes and interactions of troops after fission, and using these records to infer the reason of troop fission in Formosan macaques. The focal sampling method and scan sampling method were used to collect individuals¡¦ behaviors¡Bsocial behaviors and habitat utilization of four troops¡]main troop B, branch troop Ba, main troop C and branch troop Ca¡^ after fission. Troop B and Ba remained separately six months after fission. But two months after fission, a fusion occurred between troop Ca and troop C. In the phenomenon of fission, the individuals who left the original troop and emigrated to the branch troop were all the subordinate or periphery individuals in the original troops. When they emigrated to the branch troops, their ranks were higher than that of the original troops. Adult females initiated the troop fission, and the other individuals joined later. Compared with the adult male, the composition of troop adult females were much stable and were the nucleus of branch troops. Only the adult sex ratios of troop Ca was lower than that of the original troop. Females delivered infants in branch troops were pregnant before troop fission. These two cases indicated that: fission occurred in Formosan macaque was not due to increasing mating partners or chances, but because of some adult females¡¦ fitness lost in their original troop. After fission, the branch troops, Ba and Ca, were 1/4 ~ 1/5 troop size to the main troop. When main troop B met the branch troop Ba, the behaviors of main troop B indicated troop B was dominant to the branch troop Ba. The main troop B and branch troop Ba had a significant difference in home range using ¡]£q2 = 49.195, d.f.= 14, p< 0.05¡^. The branch troop Ba¡¦ home range was larger than that of the main troop B or of the original troop B0. The difference of night resting-sites between the main troop B and the branch troop Ba was not significant¡]£q2 = 11.6, d.f.= 13, p> 0.598¡^.

Thèse (Ph. D.)--Université Laval, 2004. / Bibliogr.: f. 180-200. Publié aussi en version électronique.

No description available.

Deforestation and forest fragmentation are the primary threats to the habitat of endangered lion-tailed macaques, Macaca silenus, in Karnataka, India. Landsat satellite images of northwest Karnataka, India, from 1977 and 1990 were analyzed. Two study sites, measuring 16.35 x 19.14 km (31,213 ha) and 14.34 x 21.44 km (30,561 ha), respectively, were selected for analysis. Based on a group home range estimate of 131 ha, contiguous habitat fragments large enough to support two or more groups of lion-tails remained available in the study area in 1990. A single contiguous patch of 14,718 ha in Site 1 and two contiguous patches in Site 2, 4,276 ha and 9,097 ha respectively, were available for reintroduction of captive lion-tailed macaque populations. Loss of habitat has primarily been occurring in and around previously disturbed regions. Although the study identified potential unfragmented sites, there is still a need for ground-truthing. / Graduation date: 1994