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Síntese e caracterização de macrômeros e copolímeros de óleo de semente de seringueira / Synthesis and characterization of macromers and copolymers of rubber seed oilRobles, Sebastián Gómez 18 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Maria Isabel Felisberti / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T09:32:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A procura de novos materiais poliméricos oriundos de matérias primas renováveis é de grande importância científica, tecnológica e ambiental, dado que elas podem substituir as de origem na cadeia do petróleo, além de contribuir para a diminuição de gases de efeito estufa e o acúmulo de lixo plástico. Os óleos vegetais são matérias primas renováveis constituídas principalmente de triglicerídeos, cujas características estruturais fornecem uma ampla gama de possibilidades sintéticas para a obtenção de diversos materiais poliméricos, os quais têm apresentado propriedades semelhantes àqueles polímeros convencionais oriundos do petróleo, assim como outras propriedades interessantes como amortecimento mecânico e memória de forma. O grande potencial brasileiro para a produção de óleo de semente de seringueira (OSS), aliado ao fato de que ele não compete com a indústria alimentar, faz deste óleo uma alternativa importante para a obtenção de novos polímeros com benefícios econômicos e ambientais significativos. Neste trabalho foi sintetizada uma série de copolímeros vinílicos de estireno e macrômeros de OSS. Estes macrômeros foram obtidos pela rota sintética constituída de duas etapas: glicerólise do óleo seguida de maleinização para obtenção de monômeros de elevada massa molar e funcionalidade variando entre 2 e 4. Os produtos intermediários desde o OSS até os macrômeros foram caracterizados por CCD, FT-IR, espalhamento Raman e RMN de H e C. Foram obtidos copolímeros de OSS-estireno variando as condições de síntese (temperatura, tempo e composição) visando o estudo do efeito destas variáveis na estrutura e propriedades dos materiais. Os copolímeros sintetizados foram caracterizados por ensaios de intumescimento e extração de solúveis, DMA, TG/DTG, ensaios de degradação hidrolítica e RMN de H e GPC da fração solúvel. Encontrou-se que os copolímeros sintetizados possuem uma estrutura complexa dependente da composição, tempo e temperatura de reação, sendo caracterizada principalmente por uma rede tridimensional com oligômeros e/ou polímeros inseridos nela. Alguns dos polímeros obtidos apresentaram propriedades interessantes para serem aplicados como isolantes acústicos / Abstract: The search for new polymeric materials from renewable raw materials is of great scientific, technological and environmental importance, since they can replace those made from petroleum, and contribute to reducing greenhouse gases and the accumulation of plastic waste. Vegetable oils are renewable resources consisting mainly of triglycerides, whose structural features provide a wide range of synthetic possibilities to obtain various polymeric materials, which have shown similar properties to those of conventional polymers from petroleum, as well as other interesting properties such as damping and shape memory. The great potential of Brazil for the production of rubber seed oil (RSO), coupled with the fact that it does not compete with the food industry, makes this oil an important alternative to obtain new polymers with significant economic and environmental benefits. In this work we synthesized a series of copolymers of styrene and vinyl macromers of RSO. These macromers were obtained by synthetic route consists of two steps: glycerolysis oil followed by maleinization to obtain monomers with high molecular weight and functionality ranging from 2 to 4. Intermediate products from the RSO to the macromers were characterized by TLC, FT-IR, Raman, H NMR and C NMR. Copolymers of RSO and styrene were obtained by varying the synthesis conditions (temperature, time and composition) in order to study the effect of these variables on the structure and properties of the materials. The copolymers were characterized by swelling and extraction of soluble fraction, DMA, TG/DTG, hydrolytic degradation and H NMR and GPC of the soluble fraction. It was found that the copolymers possess a complex structure dependent on the composition, temperature and reaction time and characterized by a three-dimensional network with oligomers and/or polymers inside it. Some of the resulting polymers showed interesting properties to be used as soundproofing / Mestrado / Quimica Organica / Mestre em Química
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Příprava a charakterizace akrylových esterů PVAl / Synthesis and Characterization of PVAl Acrylic EstersHynštová, Karolína January 2008 (has links)
The diploma thesis deals with a detailed study of he esterification reaction between PVAl and acrylic and methacrylic acids. Tha goal is to prepared PVAl-based macromers bearing (meth)acrylic moieties bound to PVAl macromolecular backbone. Attention will be paid especially to equlibrium establishing times and to the influence of reaction mixture composition on the properties of resulting products.
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Studium fotochemického síťování methakrylovaného PVAl / Investigation of Methacrylated PVAl Photochemical CrosslinkingKrálová, Marcela January 2008 (has links)
This diploma thesis deals with a detailed study of photoinitiated radical polymerization of macromers base on PVAl containing lateral GMA moieties. The main goal is the evaluation of the influence of photoinitiator concentration, polymerisable group content and/or other aditives on the polymerisation rate. Other goals include the study of possible influencing the photochemical speed by lowering the glass transition temperature, compatibility with various photoinitiators etc. Attention is also paid to the study of prepared 3D polymeric networks properties
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