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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
231

Changement des patrons de mouvements oculaires en présence d’un scotome artificiel central

Léné, Paul 07 1900 (has links)
La dégénérescence maculaire liée à l'âge (DMLA) touche actuellement un million de Canadiens, ce qui en fait la principale cause de perte de vision au Canada. La DMLA cause l’apparition d’une tache aveugle au niveau de la macula – la zone centrale de la vision. Cette tache aveugle affecte la vision centrale rendant les perceptions visuelles floues ou déformées. L’impact de cette condition est considérable puisqu’elle rend impossible la conduite, difficile la lecture et entraîne ultimement une cécité totale. La DMLA a également été identifiée comme facteur de risque de la dépression et de l’isolement sociale, ce qui porte d’autant plus atteinte à la qualité de vie des patients. Une des avenues de réadaptation pour les patients est d’améliorer leur utilisation de leur fonction visuelle résiduelle, notamment la vision périphérique. Le but de la présente recherche est d’investiguer le potentiel réadaptatif d’un entraînement imposant l’utilisation de la vision périphérique chez des participants en bonne santé en présence d’une perte de vision centrale simulée. Une compréhension des changements dans les comportements des mouvements oculaires en présence d'un scotome artificiel central aidera à développer des programmes de réadaptation pour les personnes atteint de DMLA et plus largement les personnes présentant une perte visuelle centrale. Les résultats démontrent une adaptation des stratégies visuelles des participants, entraînant une augmentation de la performance, une réduction des temps de réponse et une meilleure discrimination, suggérant ainsi que l’entraînement est susceptible de contribuer à la réadaptation des personnes atteintes de pertes visuelles centrales. / Age Macular Degeneration (AMD) currently affects one million Canadians, making it the leading cause of vision loss in Canada. AMD causes the appearance of a blind spot on the macula – the central area of vision. This blind spot affects the central vision making visual perceptions blurry or distorted. The impact of this condition is considerable since it impedes driving as well as reading and ultimately leads to total blindness. AMD has also been shown to be a risk factor for depression and social isolation, further compromising quality of life for patients. One of the avenues of rehabilitation for patients is to improve their use of their residual visual function, in particular their peripheral vision. The purpose of the present research is to investigate the rehabilitative potential of training requiring the use of peripheral vision in healthy participants in the presence of a simulated central vision loss. An understanding of changes in eye movement patterns in the presence of a central artificial scotoma will help develop rehabilitation protocols for people with AMD and more broadly people with central visual loss. Results demonstrate an adaptation of visual strategies among participants, resulting in increased performance, reduced response times and better discrimination, suggesting that training is likely to contribute to the rehabilitation of people with central vision loss.
232

Fundus characterization for automatic disease screening through retinal image processing

Morales Martínez, Sandra 30 July 2015 (has links)
[EN] The World Health Organization estimates that in 2010 there were 285 million people visually impaired in the world. It is calculated that the 80\% of these cases are preventable or treatable. In addition, aging population and chronic disease increase are two factors that predict a higher number of blindness cases in the future. Hypertension, diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma are the most common pathologies in the current society that provoke retinal damage and can be directly related to blindness and vision loss. The early diagnosis of these diseases allows, through appropriate treatment, to reduce costs generated when they are in advanced states and may become chronic. This fact justifies screening campaigns. However, a screening campaign requires a heavy workload for trained experts in the analysis of anomalous patterns of each disease, which in addition to the increase of population at risk, makes these campaigns economically unfeasible. Therefore, the need of automatic screening system developments is highlighted. The final goal of this thesis is the implementation of novel methods that allow the analysis and processing of fundus images to implement an automatic screening of four of the most important diseases that affect world population. In particular, the main objective of the thesis is to build up algorithms for the characterization of the retinal structures and the retina background in order to assist in the discrimination between a ``normal" and pathological retina. Mathematical morphology along with other operators are used for the detection of the retinal vessels and the optic disk. The proposed methods work properly on databases with a large degree of variability. Not only have the main structures been segmented, but significant features have also been extracted from them to be used in a computer aided diagnosis software for hypertensive risk determination. The texture of the retina background is also analyzed in this work by means of local binary patterns with the aim of identifying DR and AMD and avoiding the need of segmentation of the characteristic retinal lesions of each disease. The results are promising above all for AMD diagnosis. / [ES] La Organización Mundial de la Salud estima que en 2010 había 285 millones de personas con alguna discapacidad visual en el mundo. Se calcula que el 80\% de estos casos son evitables o tratables. Además, el envejecimiento de la población y el aumento de las enfermedades crónicas son dos factores que hacen prever un número todavía mayor de casos de ceguera en el futuro. La hipertensión, la retinopatía diabética (RD), la degeneración macular asociada a la edad (DMAE) y el glaucoma son las enfermedades más comunes que provocan daños en la retina y, por tanto, están directamente relacionadas con la ceguera y con la pérdida de visión. El diagnóstico de estas enfermedades en estadios tempranos permite, mediante el tratamiento adecuado, reducir los costes que generan en estados ya avanzados y que en la mayoría de los casos acaban convirtiéndose en crónicas, lo que justifica la realización de campañas de cribado. Sin embargo, una campaña de cribado exige una gran carga de trabajo de personal experto entrenado en el análisis de los patrones anómalos propios de cada enfermedad, lo que sumado al aumento de la población de riesgo, hace que estas campañas sean inviables económicamente. Por lo tanto, se evidencia la necesidad del desarrollo de sistemas de cribado automáticos. El objetivo final del presente trabajo es la implementación de métodos novedosos de análisis de imágenes de fondo de ojo para usarlos en un sistema de cribado de cuatro de las enfermedades más importantes que afectan a la población actual. En concreto, el objetivo principal de la tesis es el desarrollo de algoritmos para la caracterización de las estructuras y del fondo retiniano, los cuales servirán de ayuda para discriminar una retina ``normal" de otra patológica. Para la detección de los vasos retinianos y del disco óptico, se ha usado morfología matemática además de otros operadores. Se ha demostrado que los métodos propuestos para este fin funcionan adecuadamente en bases de datos con un alto grado de variabilidad. No sólo se han segmentado las principales estructuras retinianas, sino que, además, se han extraído sus características más significativas para determinar el riesgo hipertensivo. En este trabajo, también se han analizado las texturas presentes en el fondo de la retina por medio de la teoría de los patrones binarios locales con el objetivo de identificar la RD y la DMAE a la vez que se evita la necesidad de la segmentación de las lesiones específicas de cada enfermedad. Los resultados son prometedores, sobre todo, para la detección de la DMAE. / [CAT] L'Organització Mundial de la Salut estima que en 2010 havia 285 milions de persones amb alguna discapacitat visual en el món. Es calcula que el 80\% d'aquests casos són evitables o tractables. A més, l'envelliment de la població i l'augment de les malalties cròniques són dos factors que fan preveure un número encara major de casos de ceguera en el futur. La hipertensió, la retinopatia diabètica (RD), la degeneració macular associada a l'edat (DMAE) i el glaucoma són les malalties més comuns que provoquen danys en la retina i, per tant, estan directament relacionades amb la ceguera i amb la pèrdua de visió. El diagnòstic d'aquestes malalties en estadis primerencs permet, per mitjà del tractament adequat, reduir els costos que generen en estats ja avançats i que en la majoria dels casos acaben convertint-se en cròniques, la qual cosa justifica la realització de campanyes de garbellament. No obstant això, una campanya de garbellament exigix una gran càrrega de treball de personal expert entrenat en l'anàlisi dels patrons anòmals propis de cada malaltia, que si es suma a l'augment de la població de risc, fa que aquestes campanyes siguen inviables econòmicament. Per tant, s'evidencia la necessitat del desenrotllament de sistemes de garbellament automàtics. L'objectiu final del present treball és la implementació de mètodes nous d'anàlisi d'imatges de fons d'ull per a usar-los en un sistema de garbellament de quatre de les malalties més importants que afecten la població actual. En concret, l'objectiu principal de la tesi és el desenvolupament d'algoritmes per a la caracterització de les estructures i del fons retinià, els quals serviran d'ajuda per a discriminar una retina ``normal" d'una altra patològica. Per a la detecció dels vasos retinians i del disc òptic, s'ha usat morfologia matemàtica a més d'altres operadors. S'ha demostrat que els mètodes proposats per a aquest fi funcionen adequadament en bases de dades amb un alt grau de variabilitat. No sols s'han segmentat les principals estructures retinianes, sinó que, a més, s'han extret les seues característiques més significatives per a determinar el risc hipertensiu. En aquest treball, també s'han analitzat les textures presents en el fons de la retina per mitjà de la teoria dels patrons binaris locals amb l'objectiu d'identificar la RD i la DMAE al mateix temps que s'evita la necessitat de la segmentació de les lesions específiques de cada malaltia. Els resultats són prometedors, sobretot, per a la detecció de la DMAE. / Morales Martínez, S. (2015). Fundus characterization for automatic disease screening through retinal image processing [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/53933 / TESIS
233

Automated methods in the diagnosing of retinal images

Jönsson, Marthina January 2012 (has links)
This report contains a summation of a variety of articles that have been read and analysed. Each article describes different methods that can be used to detect lesions, optic disks, drusen and exudates in retinal images. I.e. diagnose e.g. Diabetic Retinopathy and Age-Related Macular Degeneration. A general approach is presented, which all methods more or less is based on. Methods to locate the optic disk The PCA  kNN Regression Hough Transform Fuzzy Convergence Vessel Direction Matched Filter Etc. The best method based on result, reliability, number of images and publisher is kNN regression. The result of this method is remarkably good and that brings some doubt about its reliability. Though the method was published at IEEE and that gives the method a more trustful look. A next best method which also is very useful is Vessel Direction Matched Filter. Methods to detect drusen – diagnose Age-Related Macular Degeneration PNN classifier Histogram approach Etc. The best method based on result, reliability, number of images and publisher is the PNN classifier. The method had a sensitivity of 94 % and a specificity of 95 %. 300 images were used in the experiment which was published by the IEEE in 2011. Methods to detect exudates – diagnose Diabetic Retinopathy Morphological techniques Luv colour space, Wiener filter an Canny edge detector. The best method based on result, reliability, number of images and publisher is an experiment called “Feature Extraction”. The method includes the Luv colour space, Wiener filter (remove noise) and the Canny edge detector. / Den här rapporten innehåller en sammanfattning av ett flertal artiklar som har blivit studerade. Varje artikel har beskrivit en metod som kan användas för att upptäcka sjuka förändringar i ögonbottenbilder, det vill säga, åldersförändringar i gula fläcken och diabetisk retinopati. Metoder för att lokalisera blinda fläcken PCA kNN regression Hough omvandling Suddig konvergens Filtrering beroende på kärlens riktning Mm. Den bästa metoden baserat på resultat, pålitlighet, antal bilder och utgivare är kNN regression. De förvånansvärt goda resultaten kan inbringa lite tvivel på huruvida resultaten stämmer. Artikeln publicerades dock av IEEE och det gör artikeln mer trovärdig. Den näst bästa metoden är filtrering beroende på kärlens riktning. Metoder för att diagnosticera åldersförändringar i gula fläcken PNN klassificeraren Histogram Mm. Den bästa metoden baserat på resultat, pålitlighet, antal bilder och utgivare är PNN klassificeraren. Metoden hade en sensitivitet på 94 % och en specificitet på 95 %. 300 bilder användes i experimentet som publicerades av IEEE år 2011. Metoder att diagnosticera diabetisk retinopati Morfologiska tekniker Luv colour space, Wiener filter and Canny edge detector. Den bästa metoden baserat på resultat, pålitlighet, antal bilder och utgivare är ett experimentet som heter ”Feature Extraction”. Experimentet inkluderar Luv colour space, Wiener filter (brus borttagning) och Canny edge detector
234

Post-Translational Modification By Isolevuglandins: Retinal Detection, Effects, and Prevention

Charvet, Casey Douglas 16 August 2013 (has links)
No description available.
235

Transcriptional and Distributional Profiling of Microglia in Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation

Schlecht, Anja, Wolf, Julian, Boneva, Stefaniya, Prinz, Gabriele, Braunger, Barbara M., Wieghofer, Peter, Agostini, Hansjürgen, Schlunck, Günther, Lange, Clemens 07 February 2024 (has links)
Macular neovascularization type 3, formerly known as retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP), is a hallmark of age-related macular degeneration and is associated with an accumulation of myeloid cells, such as microglia (MG) and infiltrating blood-derived macrophages (MAC). However, the contribution of MG and MAC to the myeloid cell pool at RAP sites and their exact functions remain unknown. In this study, we combined a microglia-specific reporter mouse line with a mouse model for RAP to identify the contribution of MG and MAC to myeloid cell accumulation at RAP and determined the transcriptional profile of MG using RNA sequencing. We found that MG are the most abundant myeloid cell population around RAP, whereas MAC are rarely, if ever, associated with late stages of RAP. RNA sequencing of RAP-associated MG showed that differentially expressed genes mainly contribute to immune-associated processes, including chemotaxis and migration in early RAP and proliferative capacity in late RAP, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Interestingly, MG upregulated only a few angiomodulatory factors, suggesting a rather low angiogenic potential. In summary, we showed that MG are the dominant myeloid cell population at RAP sites. Moreover, MG significantly altered their transcriptional profile during RAP formation, activating immune-associated processes and exhibiting enhanced proliferation, however, without showing substantial upregulation of angiomodulatory factors.
236

Immunosenescence in Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV): Transcriptional Profiling of Naïve and CNV-Associated Retinal Myeloid Cells during Aging

Schlecht, Anja, Thien, Adrian, Wolf, Julian, Prinz, Gabriele, Agostini, Hansjürgen, Schlunck, Günther, Wieghofer, Peter, Boneva, Stefaniya, Lange, Clemens 02 February 2024 (has links)
Immunosenescence is considered a possible factor in the development of age-related macular degeneration and choroidal neovascularization (CNV). However, age-related changes of myeloid cells (MCs), such as microglia and macrophages, in the healthy retina or during CNV formation are illdefined. In this study, Cx3cr1-positive MCs were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting from six-week (young) and two-year-old (old) Cx3cr1GFP/+ mice, both during physiological aging and laser-induced CNV development. High-throughput RNA-sequencing was performed to define the age-dependent transcriptional differences in MCs during physiological aging and CNV development, complemented by immunohistochemical characterization and the quantification of MCs, as well as CNV size measurements. These analyses revealed that myeloid cells change their transcriptional profile during both aging and CNV development. In the steady state, senescent MCs demonstrated an upregulation of factors contributing to cell proliferation and chemotaxis, such as Cxcl13 and Cxcl14, as well as the downregulation of microglial signature genes. During CNV formation, aged myeloid cells revealed a significant upregulation of angiogenic factors such as Arg1 and Lrg1 concomitant with significantly enlarged CNV and an increased accumulation of MCs in aged mice in comparison to young mice. Future studies need to clarify whether this observation is an epiphenomenon or a causal relationship to determine the role of immunosenescence in CNV formation.
237

Plasma Biomarkers for Age-Related Macular Degeneration

NI, JIAQIAN 13 March 2009 (has links)
No description available.
238

Detecting Rare Haplotype-Environment Interaction and Dynamic Effects of Rare Haplotypes using Logistic Bayesian LASSO

Xia, Shuang 30 December 2014 (has links)
No description available.
239

Variation of Complement Factor H and Mannan Binding Lectin in Human Systemic and Vascular Immune-Mediated Diseases

Kitzmiller, Kathryn Jean January 2009 (has links)
No description available.
240

Ultrastructure of the Membrana Limitans Interna after Dye-Assisted Membrane Peeling

Brockmann, Tobias, Steger, Claudia, Westermann, Martin, Nietzsche, Sandor, Königsdörffer, Ekkehart, Strobel, Jürgen, Dawczynski, Jens 27 July 2022 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the ultrastructure of the membrana limitans interna (internal limiting membrane, ILM) and to evaluate alterations to the retinal cell layers after membrane peeling with vital dyes. Twenty-five patients (25 eyes) who underwent macular hole surgery were included, whereby 12 indocyanine green (ICG)- and 13 brilliant blue G (BBG)-stained ILM were analyzed using light, transmission electron and scanning electron microscopy. Retinal cell fragments on the ILM were identified in both groups using immunohistochemistry. Comparing ICG- and BBG-stained membranes, larger cellular fragments were observed at a higher frequency in the BBG group. Thereby, the findings indicate that ICG permits an enhanced separation of the ILM from the underlying retina with less mechanical destruction. A possible explanation might be seen in the known photosensitivity of ICG, which induces a stiffening and shrinkage of the ILM but also generates retinal toxic metabolites

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