The goal of this thesis is to experimentally characterize the flyability of current generation read/write heads over media patterned to densities above the superparamagnetic limit. The superparamagnetic limit is the physical limit to magnetic storage density. In magnetic storage, superparamagnetism is the uncontrollable switching of stored bits during the lifespan of a hard disk. Theoretical analysis has predicted that densities of ~50 Gbit/in2 are not possible using traditional continuous media. One strategy to achieve high storage density, above the superparamagnetic limit, is patterned media. With patterned media the physical separation of magnetic domains increases their stability. One of the major challenges of development of patterned media is achieving acceptable flyability of the read/write head. In that vein, a test stand is built to measure head liftoff speed, head to disk intermittent contact and head fly height. Tangential friction, an indicator of head liftoff is measured by a Wheatstone bridge strain circuit attached to a cantilever beam. Intermittent contact is quantified by the amount of noise emanating from the interface, which is measured by a high frequency acoustic emission sensor. Head fly height is measured indirectly with a capacitance circuit built around the head to disk interface. Experimental samples of current generation read/write heads and media are obtained from industry. Current generation media is patterned using focused ion beam milling to a density of 10 Gbit/in2. Other, extremely dense samples, above 700 Gbit/in2, are created via thin film self assembly on silicon substrate. Conclusions on slider head flyability over patterned media are based on comparison with flyability over non-patterned media. It is demonstrated that loss of hydrodynamic lubrication is small for small pattern regions with high conserved surface area ratio. Conserved surface area ratio is defined as total surface area minus etched surface area all divided by the total surface area of the storage media. For wafer scale patterned media with low conserved surface area ratio, head liftoff cannot be achieved at designed normal load. However, a 50% reduction of load allows slider head liftoff.

<p>In the first part of this work, the influence of hydrogen on the structural and magnetic properties of Fe/V(001) superlattices was studied. The local structure of the vanadium-hydride layers was determined by extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements. The magnetic ordering in a weakly coupled Fe/V(001) superlattice was investigated using the magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE). The interlayer exchange coupling is weakened upon alloying with hydrogen and a phase with short-range magnetic order was observed.</p><p>The second part is concerned with first-principles calculations of magnetic materials, with a focus on magnetic recording applications. The uniaxial magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) of Fe, Co, and Ni was calculated for tetragonal and trigonal structures. Based on an analysis of the electronic states of tetragonal Fe and Co at the center of the Brillouin zone, tetragonal Fe-Co alloys were proposed as a material that combines a large uniaxial MAE with a large saturation magnetization. This was confirmed by experimental studies on (Fe,Co)/Pt superlattices. The large uniaxial MAE of L1₀ FePt is caused by the large spin-orbit interaction on the Pt sites in connection with a strong hybridization between Fe and Pt. Furthermore, it was shown that the uniaxial MAE can be increased by alloying the Fe sublattice with Mn. The combination of the high-moment rare-earth (RE) metals with the high-<i>T</i>_C 3<i>d</i> transition metals in RE/Cr/Fe multilayers (RE = Gd, Tb, Dy) gives rise to a strong ferromagnetic effective exchange interaction between the Fe layers and the RE layer. The MAE of hcp Gd was found to have two principal contributions, namely the dipole interaction of the large localized 4<i>f</i> spins and the band electron magnetic anisotropy due to the spin-orbit interaction. The peculiar temperature dependence of the easy axis of magnetization was reproduced on a qualitative level.</p>

In the first part of this work, the influence of hydrogen on the structural and magnetic properties of Fe/V(001) superlattices was studied. The local structure of the vanadium-hydride layers was determined by extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements. The magnetic ordering in a weakly coupled Fe/V(001) superlattice was investigated using the magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE). The interlayer exchange coupling is weakened upon alloying with hydrogen and a phase with short-range magnetic order was observed. The second part is concerned with first-principles calculations of magnetic materials, with a focus on magnetic recording applications. The uniaxial magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) of Fe, Co, and Ni was calculated for tetragonal and trigonal structures. Based on an analysis of the electronic states of tetragonal Fe and Co at the center of the Brillouin zone, tetragonal Fe-Co alloys were proposed as a material that combines a large uniaxial MAE with a large saturation magnetization. This was confirmed by experimental studies on (Fe,Co)/Pt superlattices. The large uniaxial MAE of L10 FePt is caused by the large spin-orbit interaction on the Pt sites in connection with a strong hybridization between Fe and Pt. Furthermore, it was shown that the uniaxial MAE can be increased by alloying the Fe sublattice with Mn. The combination of the high-moment rare-earth (RE) metals with the high-TC 3d transition metals in RE/Cr/Fe multilayers (RE = Gd, Tb, Dy) gives rise to a strong ferromagnetic effective exchange interaction between the Fe layers and the RE layer. The MAE of hcp Gd was found to have two principal contributions, namely the dipole interaction of the large localized 4f spins and the band electron magnetic anisotropy due to the spin-orbit interaction. The peculiar temperature dependence of the easy axis of magnetization was reproduced on a qualitative level.

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